Laser-Duration Dependence of Emission Properties of High-Order Harmonic Generation

Quantitative investigations are made for the laser-duration dependence of the emission properties of high-order harmonic generation （HHG）. HHG emission properties produced by few-cycle lasers show some useful characteristics. The cutoff energy is less than that by laser for infinite duration. The single energy distribution pulse decreases much faster than its duration as the laser duration grows. A two-cycle laser with carrier-envelope phase of 0° can produce a single distribution pulse peaked at the laser carrier phase 1.22 rad and spanned 1.18 rad with the cutoff energy 2.9Up ＋ Ip and a bandwidth 0.63Up, where Up is the ponderomotive potential of the laser field and Ip is the atomic ionization potential.     

Diffraction-induced edge contrast enhancement for terahertz imaging

Contrast enhancement is particularly important for imaging of weakly absorbing materials. We demonstrate the inherent contrast-enhancement effect at the edges of a transparent object by using a conventional pulsed terahertz imaging setup without additional modification of the system design. We provide both experimental and theoretical evidence suggesting that this effect is a consequence of the frequency-dependent energy loss of the terahertz radiation induced by edge diffraction. The influence of the phase step of the broadband terahertz pulses on the edge contrast is discussed.     

Linear sinusoidal phase-shifting method resistant to non-sinusoidal phase error

Non-sinusoidal phase error is common in structured light three-dimensional（3D）shape measurement system,thus we perform theoretical and experimental analyses of such error.The number of non-sinusoidal waveform errors in a 2πphase period is the same as the number of steps of the phase-shifting algorithm;no errors occur within the one-phase period.Based on our findings,a new structured light method,the linear sinusoidal phase-shifting method（LSPS）,that is resistant to non-sinusoidal phase error is proposed.Experiments show that the non-sinusoidal waveform error is reduced to an almost negligible level（0.001 rad） using the proposed LSPS.     

Optical phase control for MMW sparse aperture upconversion imaging

The random phase errors of the optical carriers are discussed and controlled for passive millimeter-wave sparse aperture （PMMW SA） upconversion imaging. A two-channel model is set up for analyzing charac- teristics of the phase errors, and an active optical control technique based on stochastic parallel gradient decent algorithm （SPGD controller） is proposed to calibrate the phase errors. To demonstrate the feasi- bility of the SPGD controller, simulations are performed and an experimental system with a two-channel fiber array is set up. Simulation and experiment results show that the SPGD controller can effectively and rapidly compensate the phase errors of the optical carrier, and the accuracy of the phase control is sufficient for imagine svstems.     

Pseudo working-point control measurement scheme for acoustic sensitivity of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones

A novel pseudo working-point control measurement scheme for the acoustic sensitivity of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones is described and demonstrated.The measurement principle is introduced in detail. An experimental system,which interrogates an interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone with this method, is designed.The acoustic pressure phase sensitivity of the fiber-optic hydrophone is measured over the frequency range of 20-2500 Hz.The measured acoustic sensitivity is about-156.5 dB re 1 rad/μPa with a fluctuation lower than±1.2 dB,which is in good agreement with the results obtained by the method of phase generated carrier.The experimental results testify the validity of this new method which has the advantages of no electric elements in the sensing head,the simplicity of signal processing,and wide working bandwidth.     

Analytical and experimental demonstration of depth of field extension for incoherent imaging system with a standard sinusoidal phase mask

The wavefront coding technique is used to enlarge the depth of field（DOF）of incoherent imaging systems. The key to wavefront coding lies in the design of suitable phase masks.To date,numerous kinds of phase masks are proposed.However,further understanding is needed regarding phase mask with its phase function being in a standard sinusoidal form.Therefore,the characteristics of such a phase mask are studied in this letter.Deriving the defocused optical transfer function（OTF）analytically proves that the standard sinusoidal phase mask is effective in extending the DOF,and actual experiments confirm the numerical results.At the same time,with the Fisher information as a criterion,the standard sinusoidal phase mask shows a higher tolerance to focus errors（especially severe focus errors）than the classical cubic phase mask.     

Stochastic resonance and nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition of Ising spin system driven by a joint external field

The dynamic response and stochastic resonance of a kinetic Ising spin system （ISS） subject to the joint action of an external field of weak sinusoidal modulation and stochastic white-nolse are studied by solving the mean-field equation of motion based on Glauber dynamics. The periodically driven stochastic ISS shows that the characteristic stochastic resonance as well as nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition （NDPT） occurs when the frequency ω and amplitude h0 of driving field, the temperature t of the system and noise intensity D are all specifically in accordance with each other in quantity. There exist in the system two typical dynamic phases, referred to as dynamic disordered paramagnetic and ordered ferromagnetic phases respectively, corresponding to a zero- and a unit-dynamic order parameter. The NDPT boundary surface of the system which separates the dynamic paramagnetic phase from the dynamic ferromagnetic phase in the 3D parameter space of ho-t-D is also investigated. An interesting dynamical ferromagnetic phase with an intermediate order parameter of 0.66 is revealed for the first time in the ISS subject to the perturbation of a joint determinant and stochastic field. The intermediate order dynamical ferromagnetic phase is dynamically metastable in nature and owns a peculiar characteristic in its stability as well as the response to external driving field as compared with a fully order dynamic ferromagnetic phase.     

Study of terahertz interferometric imaging using optical techniques

<正>Principles of terahertz(THz) interferometric synthetic aperture imaging with heterodyne and optical techniques are presented.A THz interferometric experiment based on optical up-conversion is set up.The received THz signal is modulated into an optical carrier and transmitted in a fiber.To simulate phase differences between two THz receivers,the output of receiver is divided and a phase shifter is placed before electro-optical modulation(EOM).Interferometric spectra of these modulated optical signals are examined at different phase shifts.Otherwise,carrier suppression and phase error calibration are discussed for THz interferometric synthetic aperture imaging.     

Novel Ghost Imaging Method for a Pure Phase Object

We propose a novel ghost imaging scheme which is especially served to a pure phase object. A spatially incoherent beam is mixed with a coherent beam of the same frequency field by a beamsplitter. Then we perform the ghost imaging scheme using the mixed beam. Our theoretical result shows that this approach is capable of reconstructing a pure phase object in joint-intensity measurement. The visibility of the images is also analysed for two pure phase objects, an optical wedge and a phase grating.     

Phase-locked laser coherent interference

A method of locking the relative phase to provide stable constructive or destructive interference between the phase-modulated sidebands from a pair of phase modulators is demonstrated. It is discussed theoretically for optimal fringe visibility related to the phase noise from faulty system. After phase locking using the phase modulating and lock-in technique,the drift of the relative phase is focalized around ±0.0016 rad and the fringe visibility is restricted to 2×10-4 .     

二元伪随机光栅与台阶校准检测系统传递函数的影响分析

采用高质量的标准位相结构是实现光学干涉检测系统的系统传递函数精确校准及保证光学元件波前/表面中高频段信息准确检测的前提。通过对二元伪随机光栅结构和台阶位相结构两类典型表面进行模拟,分析了空间周期误差及跃变边缘陡度等制造误差对于检测系统传递函数校准的影响,并分析了检测系统CCD对二元伪随机光栅欠采样和过采样时功率谱密度(PSD)的变化。结果表明:存在同等制造误差时,二元伪随机光栅结构比台阶位相结构对检测系统传递函数中高频能够实现更高精度的校准;当对二元伪随机光栅存在欠采样或过采样时,均会造成PSD随频率的下降,可通过对理想二元伪随机光栅的高度分布进行相应的采样修正消除因采样对传递函数校准的影响。     

干涉仪系统传递函数测量及影响因素的分析

波前功率谱密度(PSD)被用于评价惯性约束聚变(ICF)激光驱动器光学元件中频段的波前误差。干涉仪对PSD较高空间频率分量的测量存在失真效应,可通过干涉仪系统传递函数(STF)的检测标定来获得真实的波前PSD分布。采用台阶板位相比较法测得大口径菲索相移干涉仪检测系统在透射和反射检测情形下的传递函数。对传递函数测试算法进行了比较分析,明确了干涉仪系统zoom倍率的改变等因素对传递函数测量的影响,为波前PSD的准确检测奠定了基础。     

光纤干涉成像阵列全息相位校正研究

针对光纤传输和干涉成像阵列中的相位误差, 提出了一种基于特殊光子晶体的全息相位校正方法。首先分析了光纤干涉阵列成像的基本原理和相位信息的传输过程, 以一维线性阵列建立成像系统相位误差模型, 通过对参考光束和探测器前的快门交替打开和闭合, 来分别实现在晶体上写入由光纤阵列的出射光束与参考光束干涉形成的含有相位误差的光栅函数, 和光纤中出射光束被该光栅衍射和相位偏移以消除相位误差, 从理论上分析了上述基于光子晶体的全息法相位校正原理。最后采用所建立的含有相位误差的干涉阵列进行成像仿真, 对未加校正、采用本文方法和采用冗余基线校正的结果进行了对比分析。     

基于法拉第旋镜的干涉型光纤传感系统偏振相位噪声特性研究

偏振诱导信号衰落现象的抑制是干涉型光纤传感系统的关键技术之一. 针对法拉第旋镜(FRM)法抑制偏振诱导信号衰落技术的残留偏振相位噪声问题进行了深入的理论和实验研究. 运用琼斯矩阵法建立了基于法拉第旋镜的干涉型光纤传感系统偏振相位噪声的理论模型; 分析了影响系统偏振相位噪声的主要原因: 法拉第旋镜的旋光角度偏差、入射光偏振态调制度、干涉仪两臂光纤双折射; 提出了相应的抑制偏振相位噪声的方法. 详细仿真分析了入射光偏振态调制度对干涉型光纤传感系统偏振相位噪声的影响, 仿真分析得出若法拉第旋镜旋光角度偏差为最大工艺制造误差1°, 当入射光偏振态调制度为1.84 rad时, 系统可能出现的最大偏振相位噪声为0.0815 rad. 最后, 搭建了基于M-Z型偏振态调制器的偏振相位噪声测试系统, 测试了在传输光纤受到外界偏振扰动的情况下, 干涉传感系统存在的偏振相位噪声, 实验测试结果与理论分析结果基本一致, 有力地证明了该偏振相位噪声理论分析模型的正确性.     

基于光频调节的干涉型光纤水听器相位补偿检测方法

提出了一种基于光源频率调节的干涉型光纤水听器主动相位补偿的信号检测方法。详细介绍了该方法的基本检测原理,对信号解调误差进行了理论分析与仿真。为了验证该方法的可行性,搭建了实验系统,并编写了实时的信号采集、处理程序,对某一干涉型光纤水听器的声压灵敏度进行了测试。在频带20 Hz-1.3 kHz上,平均声压灵敏度为-162.2 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa),波动小于±0.8 dB,与采用相位载波调制解调方法测量的结果基本吻合。实验结果证明该方法是有效的。由于传感部分不含有源器件,便于实现全光纤化,且解调算法简单、检测频带宽,该方法能被广泛应用到各种干涉型光纤传感器的信号检测当中。     

Cubic sinusoidal phase mask: Another choice to extend the depth of field of incoherent imaging system

Wave-front coding is a well known technique used to extend the depth of field of incoherent imaging system. The core of this technique lies in the design of suitable phase masks, among which the most important one is the cubic phase mask suggested by Dowski and Cathey (1995) [1]. In this paper, we propose a new type called cubic sinusoidal phase mask which is generated by combing the cubic one and another component having the sinusoidal form. Numerical evaluations and real experimental results demonstrate that the composite phase mask is superior to the original cubic phase mask with parameters optimized and provides another choice to achieve the goal of depth extension.     

双能X射线光栅相衬成像的研究

X射线光栅相衬成像存在系统复杂、成像效率低、步进精度要求高、光栅加工难度大等问题.本文设计了一种双能阵列X射线源和双能分析光栅,并应用于X射线光栅相衬成像,提出了一种双能X射线光栅相衬成像系统,阐述了该成像系统的成像原理和相位信息提取方法.提出的成像系统不需要精密步进平台,精简了成像系统,避免了步进误差导致的成像质量降低问题;两次曝光就可以成像,提高了成像效率;双能阵列X射线源、双能分析光栅的应用避免了源光栅、分析光栅难以加工的问题.对提出的成像系统及其相位提取方法进行了仿真,仿真结果显示成像系统可以正常成像,提取到的检测样本的X射线相衬成像相位一阶导数分布与相关文献实验所得结果一致.     

干涉型光纤水听器伪工作点控制检测方法

提出了一种用于干涉型光纤水听器信号检测的伪工作点控制方法.为了验证该方法的可行性,搭建了干涉型光纤水听器声压灵敏度测量系统,编写了实时信号采集和处理程序,对某一光纤水听器进行了测量.在频带20 Hz~2.5 kHz上,该光纤水听器的声压灵敏度为－156.5 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa),频响波动<±0.8 dB,与采用PGC调制解调方法测量的结果基本一致.由于传感部分不含有源器件,该方法实现了无源检测.另外,它还具有解调算法简单、检测频带宽等优点.     

一种具有声低通滤波特性的无源零差光纤水听器

报道了一种新颖的具有抗混叠功能的无源零差迈克耳孙型光纤水听器.它由一个普通的芯轴型光纤水听器和一个圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器构成.在驻波罐中对其声压相位灵敏度频响进行了测量,结果表明该光纤水听器具有较好的声低通滤波特性,能有效地抑制声信号中的高频成分,从而实现抗混叠滤波.该光纤水听器的低频声压相位灵敏度主要由传感光纤长度和弹性增敏层的物理特性决定,约为-159 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa).在1150 Hz附近出现了一个共振峰,这主要由圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器的声学特性决定.1150～2280 Hz频段内的灵敏度衰减率约为50 dB/倍频程,1500 Hz以后的灵敏度衰减量大于10 dB.这对于提高我国未来声纳系统的抗干扰能力具有十分重要的意义.     

Sinusoidal fringe projection system based on compact and non-mechanical scanning low-coherence Michelson interferometer for three-dimensional shape measurement

We report a sinusoidal fringe projection system based on superluminiscent diode (SLD) as a broad-band light source in conjunction with an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as frequency tuning device for three-dimensional shape measurement. The present system is based on a compact low-coherence Michelson interferometer system. The conventional interferometric system was modified in which one side of the beam splitter was coated with aluminum oxide which is used as reference mirror. With this modified version, interference fringes can easily be obtained by simply placing the external mirror in contact on the other side of beam splitter. Sinusoidal fringes with multiple spatial-carrier frequency can be generated in real-time using the present system by means of changing the radio-frequency signal to AOTF electronically without mechanically moving any component in the system. The present system was tested by projecting the sinusoidal fringes on a step-like object and 3D shape of the object was reconstructed using Fourier transform fringe analysis technique. The main advantages of the proposed system are completely non-mechanical scanning, easy to align, high stability because of its nearly common-path geometry and compactness.