基于最大-最小蚂蚁系统优化ELM的电解槽故障诊断

针对铝电解槽故障特征种类繁多,难以快速准确的实现故障类型诊断,设计了一种基于最大-最小蚂蚁系统(MMAS)优化的极限学习机(ELM)故障诊断方法。介绍了电解槽常见的故障类型及其对槽电压的影响,对采集到的故障情况下的槽电压信号进行降噪处理,根据对降噪后故障信号的局域均值分解(LMD)结果得到故障特征。采用ELM算法辨识故障类型,针对ELM算法存在的参数问题,采用MMAS对ELM隐含层参数寻优。结果表明,MMAS优化的ELM既保证了较快的训练速度,同时获得了更高的故障测试正确率。     

基于并行禁忌神经网络和DS证据的飞机燃油系统故障诊断

飞机燃油系统是一个由许多相互联系的子系统构成的复杂总体,因而易于发生各类故障,当故障发生时会造成严重影响,为此,设计了一种基于禁忌神经网络和DS证据的飞机燃油系统故障诊断方法;首先,建立了飞机燃油系统的故障诊断模型,然后,建立了3层的BP神经网络故障诊断模型,并采用禁忌优化算法对BP神经网络进行参数优化,得到多个并行诊断的禁忌神经网络,输入样本数据对其训练并利用BP反向传播算法再次调优;最后将测试样本数据输入各禁忌神经网络,并将诊断结果作为证据采用DS证据理论进行融合,得到最终的故障诊断结果;实验结果表明:引入DS证据理论的故障诊断方法能有效克服单一故障诊断方法无法精确诊断故障的不足,诊断精度高,具有较大的优越性。     

基于极限学习机与规则推理的NPC三电平逆变器二级故障诊断方法

针对NPC三电平逆变器故障诊断问题,提出一种基于极限学习机与规则推理的二级故障诊断方法。分析了依据输出电流诊断故障的可区分性,以及故障模式的分类。然后对输出电流提取故障特征,并采用极限学习机完成故障初级分类。对于初级分类结果为电流不可区分故障情况,再根据桥臂电压信息运用规则推理法实现故障二级精确诊断。诊断实验表明,该方法能够实现NPC三电平的多模式故障诊断,且故障诊断方法简单、定位精确、快速、鲁棒性强。     

基于案例和规则融合的民用客机故障诊断系统设计

目前很多工程应用中的飞机故障诊断方法,只考虑单一的基于案例或基于规则的诊断方法,故障诊断的效率有待提高。本文针对民用客机地面运营支持系统的特点和要求,将案例和规则融合的推理机制引入到飞机故障诊断系统的设计中。该方法采用规则推理为前导、案例推理后置补充的结合方式,最大化地利用飞机故障隔离手册知识和从维修记录中提取的案例知识,从而提高首次故障隔离效率、降低无效排故时间。以民用客机某系统的典型故障为例,阐述了该推理机制在故障诊断中的应用。通过历史飞行数据试验,验证了提出的基于案例与规则融合诊断方法的有效性,以此为基础设计的故障诊断方案可为航空公司构建更完善的专家系统提供参考。     

基于小波和神经网络的风机故障诊断系统设计

本文在LabVIEW平台下,设计了一种基于小波和神经网络的风机故障在线诊断系统。以风机产生的噪声为诊断依据,用噪声信号的功率谱重心、A声级、小波分解后相关频段的能量构成故障诊断的特征向量,以BP网络作为故障的智能分类器,建立起智能诊断系统。实验结果表明,采用小波和神经网络相融合的诊断与识别技术,是提取风机故障特征,进行状态识别的一种有效方法。所设计系统有较强的学习能力和容错能力。诊断结果比较可靠、准确。     

基于RBR和PCA的2.4米风洞故障诊断系统应用研究

为解决2.4米风洞试验装备的故障监测与诊断（FDD）问题,设计了一种基于规则推理（RBR）和主元分析（PCA）的并行故障诊断系统。对试验流程和因果关系较强的单一装备故障,采用RBR诊断方法;而对控制过程和重要传感器的故障,通过构建PCA模型,根据平方预报误差（SPE）实现系统故障的诊断。运行效果表明：该系统实时性好、诊断结果与实际相符合、且对过程故障具有较强的针对性。     

基于CLIPS的机载光电跟踪设备故障诊断专家系统研究

针对机载光电跟踪设备传感器种类多、单元部件结构复杂和急需快速故障定位的要求,设计了机载光电跟踪设备故障诊断专家系统。通过建立跟踪系统故障树并分析其故障特点,确定了模糊多值产生式规则的知识表示方式和冲突消解策略,构建了专家系统知识库和推理机;同时结合数据库建立的故障表和规则表,实现专家系统解释器功能;最后将CLIPS嵌入VC设计友好人机交互界面。实验表明,该专家系统操作方便,能快速准确定位故障、解释故障成因以及提供维修建议。     

基于小波神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断技术

文章提出了一种基于小波神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断方法:通过分析被测电路的冲激响应来识别电路中的故障元件,利用小波理论中的多分辨率分析的方法提取出相应信号中的故障特征,组成特征向量后输入神经网络进行训练,实现故障诊断;该方法减少了神经网络的输入、简化了其结构、并缩短了训练和处理时间,文中分别用小波神经网络和传统的BP神经网络对实例电路进行故障诊断,仿真结果发现:小波神经网络相比BP网络方法收敛速度更快,诊断率更高。     

测控装备协同故障诊断系统研究

掌握地面测控系统的技术状态、尽快排除装备故障,是保证发射活动顺利实施的关键;根据测控装备的使用特点提出了协同故障诊断系统保障需求,针对装备的组成特点及结构原理,采用虚拟仪器技术、DataSocket技术、LabVIEW以及PXI总线系统架构,提出了基于故障树诊断和基于案例的故障诊断的专家系统,设计了基于故障树和故障字典双模式统一存储结构的信息库;最后,通过对装备外测频综机柜的故障诊断实例,对系统协同条件下故障树诊断进行了验证;结果表明系统满足功能设计要求,诊断结果可靠,人机交互友善,操作方便。     

基于CLIPS的激光驱动器故障诊断专家系统设计

针对大型激光驱动器故障定位难,诊断、处置效率低的基本现状,提出利用专家系统进行故障诊断的基本思路,并以自动准直子系统为例,介绍了专家系统的体系架构、故障树模型、知识库设计和基于CLIPS工具的实现方法。初步应用结果表明,该专家系统有助于提高装置的故障诊断效率和智能化水平,增强系统可用性。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.