渗透胁迫下萌发小麦种子超弱光子辐射的变化及意义

为了将生物超弱光子技术应用于萌发过程中小麦种子的抗旱性评价,采用聚乙二醇处理萌发的小麦种子,跟踪测量了正常和渗透胁迫下小麦种子萌发过程中的超弱光子辐射,得到了小麦种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的自发发光和延迟发光信号.通过建立延迟发光动力学方程和数学拟合获得了种子萌发过程中延迟发光初始光强I（0）、衰减参量β、相干时间τ和延迟发光积分强度I(T),根据延迟发光积分强度和自发发光的生物学意义构建了用于描述细胞状态及其有序性的状态参量和序参量.实验结果发现:小麦种子萌发过程中,自发发光和延迟发光积分强度呈现阶跃式增长,细胞系统的状态参量和序参量也呈现阶跃式的增长,渗透胁迫抑制了这种增长,提示基于光子辐射的细胞系统的状态参量和序参量有可能作为种子抗旱性评价的物理指标.     

渗透胁迫下萌发小麦种子超弱光子辐射的变化及意义

为了将生物超弱光子技术应用于萌发过程中小麦种子的抗旱性评价,采用聚乙二醇处理萌发的小麦种子,跟踪测量了正常和渗透胁迫下小麦种子萌发过程中的超弱光子辐射,得到了小麦种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的自发发光和延迟发光信号.通过建立延迟发光动力学方程扣数学拟合获得了种子萌发过程中延迟发光初始光强Ⅰ(0)、衰减参量β、相干时间τ和...     

UV-B诱导的大豆愈伤组织超弱光子辐射的动力学分析

为了研究细胞超弱光子辐射的动力学特征及其所揭示的生物学意义,用20μW/cm2UV-B辐射大豆愈伤组织2h,测定停止辐射后4d内大豆愈伤组织在LED光诱导下的延迟发光.通过建立延迟发光动力学方程和数学拟合得到了大豆愈伤组织超弱光子辐射中的延迟发光积分强度、初始光子数、衰减参数和自发发光,讨论了这些发光动力学参数的生物学意义.研究结果表明,在停止UV-B辐射后的4d内,大豆愈伤组织的光诱导延迟发光服从双曲线弛豫.动力学分析发现,延迟发光积分强度和初始光子数随处理后时间的进行呈现波动变化,停止UV-B辐射后,自发发光和丙二醛(MDA)含量均呈现升高的趋势,在辐射后2d附近达到峰值,此后同步下降.用延迟发光积分强度和自发发光的比值定义细胞的状态参量Q和序参量R,发现UV-B辐射后大豆愈伤组织细胞Q值或R值的变化反映了UV-B辐射对大豆愈伤组织细胞的损伤以及细胞的恢复过程.     

UV-B诱导的大豆愈伤组织超弱光子辐射的动力学分析

为了研究细胞超弱光子辐射的动力学特征及其所揭示的生物学意义,用20 μW/cm2UV-B辐射大豆愈伤组织2 h,测定停止辐射后4 d内大豆愈伤组织在LED光诱导下的延迟发光.通过建立延迟发光动力学方程和数学拟合得到了大豆愈伤组织超弱光子辐射中的延迟发光积分强度、初始光子数、衰减参数和自发发光,讨论了这些发光动力学参数的生物学意义.研究结果表明,在停止UV-B辐射后的4 d内,大豆愈伤组织的光诱导延迟发光服从双曲线弛豫.动力学分析发现,延迟发光积分强度和初始光子数随处理后时间的进行呈现波动变化,停止UV-B辐射后,自发发光和丙二醛（MDA）含量均呈现升高的趋势,在辐射后2 d附近达到峰值,此后同步下降.用延迟发光积分强度和自发发光的比值定义细胞的状态参量Q和序参量R,发现UV-B辐射后大豆愈伤组织细胞Q值或R值的变化反映了UV-B辐射对大豆愈伤组织细胞的损伤以及细胞的恢复过程.     

UV-B诱导的大豆愈伤组织异黄酮和超弱发光的变化

利用基于单光子技术的超弱发光测量系统研究了UV-B辐射对大豆愈伤组织异黄酮和超弱发光的影响,UV-B辐射的强度范围为20～80 μW/cm2.结果表明,UV-B辐射使大豆愈伤组织延迟发光初始强度和自发发光强度明显增强,随着诱导处理后时间的延长,延迟发光初始强度和自发发光强度逐渐减小,大豆异黄酮含量逐渐增加,大豆异黄酮含量的变化与延迟发光初始发光强度的变化之间呈现负相关.结果表明,UV-B辐射使大豆愈伤组织总体代谢和活性氧代谢强度提高,大豆异黄酮含量提高是自发发光和延迟发光强度降低的原因,大豆异黄酮含量的增加可以用延迟发光初始发光强度的降低来量度.     

水华鱼腥藻的超弱发光研究

用BPCL微弱发光测量仪检出水华鱼腥藻的超弱发光。水华鱼腥藻的光子计数率——时间曲线回归表明,用双曲线拟合明显优于指数拟合;且藻的超微弱光强度随藻细胞密度的增加而增强,两个计量之间呈显著正相关(r=0.96),总光子计数率(TC)和后120s光子计数率(SHC)均能表达水华鱼腥藻的超弱光子辐射的强弱,其中SHC表征水华鱼腥藻的超弱光子辐射的强弱更为准确。在藻的不同生长时期,其超弱发光经历了一个由弱增强、由强减弱的变化过程,通过测定藻的超弱发光可以判断、预知藻的生长状况。     

H_2O_2诱导的植物叶片光子辐射的变化及意义

为了研究植物叶片光子辐射与氧化胁迫的关系,将鹅掌木叶片用不同浓度的H_2O_2进行了处理,从而形成氧化胁迫.实验结果表明,随着H_2O_2处理时间的延长,浓度为7.5%、15%和30% 的H_2O_2处理均使鹅掌木叶片光子辐射中的自发发光较未受处理的对照有明显增长,各处理组叶片的延迟发光动力学曲线均呈现双曲性弛豫.通过建立延迟发光非线性动力学方程和数学模拟,得到了延迟发光的特征参量初始光子数I_0、相干时间τ和衰减参量β,发现随着H_2O_2处理时间的延长,各处理组叶片的I_0都呈现先下降,后回升,再下降的波动趋势;而浓度为7.5%和15%的两个处理组的叶片τ值和β值呈现波动变化,浓度为30%的处理组的叶片τ和β呈现单调下降的趋势.推测H_2O_2胁迫下叶片光子辐射中自发发光的变化反映了叶片活性氧含量的变化;叶片延迟发光中I_0的变化反映了细胞总体代谢的变化,延迟发光中的τ值和β值的变化反映了叶片细胞对H_2O_2胁迫的适应和损伤过程.     

NaN_3对玉米萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的影响

为了解读植物种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射信息的生物学意义,采用呼吸抑制剂NaN3处理萌发玉米种子,跟踪测量和分析了玉米种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射中自发光子辐射和外界光诱导的延迟光子辐射的变化规律,同时研究了萌发玉米种子鲜质量的变化.结果发现,NaN3同步抑制了萌发玉米自发光子辐射和鲜质量的增长,造成萌发玉米延迟光子辐射的初始光子数和延迟光子辐射积分强度大幅度降低,相干时间减小.机理分析表明,NaN3对呼吸代谢电子传递链的抑制造成的自由基反应减弱是萌发玉米自发光子辐射减小的原因,自发光子辐射强度可以作为玉米萌发状态的信号,延迟光子辐射动力学参数的大小可以表征萌发玉米呼吸代谢的强弱,相干时间是种子细胞组织序性的量度,通过对萌发种子超弱光子辐射的采集和分析可以实现对萌发种子细胞代谢和功能状态变化的灵敏和无损检测.     

小样本光子图像的统计处理

讨论了一种对小样本光子图像的统计处理方法。在超微弱发光的研究中（例如细胞的超微弱荧光）,由于发光强度极弱,需要用像增强器对超微弱发光图像进行增强得到可视图像,超微弱发光图像不可避免地受到像增强系统暗噪声及背景噪声的影响,使光子图像湮没在噪声中。为从原始图像中检验出信号,根据信号光子和噪声光子的不同统计分布,运用信号检测与的方法判断光子是否属于信号光子,并得到一简明的判据,由此判据剔除图像中的噪声光子,得到信噪比改善的光子图像。并用此方法处理了人掌的超微弱发光光子图像。     

淀粉自由基弛豫发光

为了研究淀粉自由基的变化规律,以生物光子辐射理论为基础.根据化学发光的动力学模型,建立了淀粉自由基的发光动力学方程,并根据自由基发光强度与自由基浓度的关系,通过分析得到了淀粉自由基的湮没方程,得到了光强随时间的变化函数.通过拟合发现,函数在不同温度下随时间的变化曲线与实验曲线的相关系数都在0.98以上,能很精确地刻画自由基的弛豫发光规律.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.