任意马赫数非定常流动数值模拟的统一算法

发展适用于从低速到高速任意马赫数非定常流动数值模拟的统一算法.通过引入一个伪时间导数项和一个新的预处理矩阵,得到双时间非定常预处理可压缩Navier-Stokes方程.方程的对流项采用三阶Roe通量近似差分格式离散,粘性项采用二阶中心差分格式离散.基于数值通量的线性化技术,实现伪时间步的隐式ADI-LU格式迭代,进而获得物理时间步的二阶推进精度.重点以低马赫数流动为例,求解了圆柱绕流和NACA0015翼型等速上仰动态失速问题.计算结果表明该统一算法能够较好地模拟低马赫数乃至任意马赫数非定常流动.     

一种隐式预处理方法及其在定常和非定常流动数值模拟中的应用

将Choi-Merkle矩阵预处理方法与LU-SGS隐式方法、双时间法以及多重网格方法结合,发展适用于绕飞行器定常和非定常粘性流动的高效隐式预处理计算方法和程序.介绍一种针对定常和非定常流动的LU-SGS隐式预处理方法的统一表述方法.在不改变流动解的前提下,对Navier-Stokes方程的伪时间导数项实施Choi-Merkle矩阵预处理,从而改善可压缩控制方程在低速情况下的系统刚性,使基于LU-SGS时间推进格式的数值模拟方法同时适用于从极低马赫数到可压缩范围内的数值模拟.对Jameson中心格式的人工粘性进行相应的修改,以提高低速流动的计算精度.翼型、机翼以及翼身组合体绕流的数值模拟研究表明,隐式预处理方法获得了很高的计算效率,可使马赫数0.1左右的低速流动计算时间减少50%以上;通过对现有可压缩计算程序进行小量改动,便可使其均匀覆盖整个低速流动范围,提高CFD程序在飞行器绕流数值模拟中的实用性.     

低马赫数方法在自然对流数值模拟的应用

采用低马赫数近似的方法来对大温差驱动的自然对流问题进行数值模拟。低马赫数近似是通过将全可压的Navier—Stokes方程中声波进行过滤,从而在马赫数较低的流动中忽虑声波对流场的影响。声波过滤后的方程具有不可压缩N—S方程的特点,但可以求解温度和密度变化较大的问题。首先,通过对盖顶驱动流的数值模拟,验证了本文方法的可靠...     

梯度折射率介质瞬态辐射-导热耦合传热

多维辐射-导热耦合传热问题有广泛的应用背景。本文采用有限元法对辐射传递方程的离散坐标形式进行离散,并采用有限元法求解瞬态辐射-导热耦合能量方程,研究二维方腔半透明参与性梯度折射率介质内瞬态耦合传热,考虑第一类热边界条件,分析了折射率分布、衰减系数、散射反照率及散射相函数对对瞬态耦合传热的影响。结果表明,梯度折射率对瞬态耦合传热影响显著。     

颗粒圆孔射流碰撞并行直接数值模拟算法研究

本文对空间模式发展的颗粒圆孔射流碰撞进行了并行直接数值模拟算法研究。气相采用可压缩的N-S方程直接求解。颗粒相采用Lagrangian方法跟踪实际的颗粒运动。利用并行求解算法,实现了颗粒穿越边界面的模拟以及高效颗粒碰撞算法。考虑了颗粒和流体的双相耦合以及颗粒之间的碰撞。在本文的计算条件下,颗粒的直径远小于网格的间距,平均的Kolmogorov尺度和网格的间距在一个量级。气相和颗粒相的应力与实验的对比研究表明,本文的颗粒并行程序是可信的。     

三维可压缩绕球流的整体线性稳定性研究

研究基于三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程拟线化方法的整体稳定性问题的数值求解,采用隐式重启的Arnoldi方法求解其特征值问题.针对三维可压缩绕球基本流,研究其在亚临界参数Reynolds数Re=200,马赫数M=0.2,以及超临界参数Re=300,M=0.6下的整体稳定性问题.结果表明,Mach数的增加(直至M=0.6)对流场模态的转变没有定性影响.     

基于有限体积方法的复合材料固化过程模拟

传热与固化过程的耦合作用在复合材料成型工艺中具有重要影响。本文基于非结构化网格有限体积法提出一种解决结构形式复杂的复合材料成型过程中各向异性非稳态导热与固化反应动力学耦合问题的算法。各向异性复合材料的导热控制方程空间项采用非结构化网格有限体积法离散,时间项采用欧拉隐格式求解。固化动力学方程采用了欧拉显格式计算,并通过固化反应速率计算出能量方程的热源,同时根据温度分布及其变化更新固化反应速率,实现导热与固化反应的双向耦合。最后,通过文献中的几个经典算例验证了本文方法的正确性和可靠性,同时也表明本文方法可以处理复杂结构形式的复合材料成型过程的传热与化学反应的耦合模拟问题。     

低速流动的预处理多重网格求解

本文采用预处理的时间推进方法,求解可压形式的Euler/Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟低马赫数范围内的无粘、粘性流动.为了进一步加速收敛,并使用了多重网格技术.计算表明预处理能够保持可压缩求解方法在高速时的收敛特征,对于低速流动计算可以加速收敛并提高精度.     

求解流动与传热问题的一种高效稳定的分离式算法-IDEAL

本文提出了一种求解流动与传热问题的高效稳定的分离式算法-IDEAL(Inner Doubly-iterative EfficientAlgorithm for Linked-equations).在IDEAL算法中每个迭代层次上对压力方程进行两次内迭代计算,第一次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第一个假设,第二次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第二个假设.这样在每个迭代层次上充分满足了速度和压力之间的耦合,从而大大提高了计算的收敛速度和计算过程的稳定性.本文通过2个三维不可压缩流动和传热的算例对IDEAL算法与其它三个被广泛使用的算法(SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO)进行了比较.通过分析比较得出IDEAL算法在收敛性和健壮性上均优于SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO算法.在这2个算例中IDEAL算法几乎可以在任意的松弛因子下获得收敛的解,并且IDEAL算法所需最短计算时间较SIMPLER算法减少12.9%～52.6%;较SIMPLEC算法减少48.3%～79.1%;较PISO算法减少10.7%～46.5%.     

求解流动和传热问题的一种新的全隐算法-CLEAR(上)

本文对求解不可压缩流体流动和传热问题提出了一种全隐算法。该算法被称为CLEAR(Coupled and LinkedEquations Algorithm Revised).该算法不同与SIMPLE系列算法之处在于,它用直接求解的压力改进速度,而不引入压力修正项。完全考虑了邻点速度的影响,速度和压力的耦合得到很好的保证。因此在很大程度上加快了迭代的收敛速度,而且可以通过引入第二松弛因子,对迭代过程进行控制。本文详细阐述了CLEAR算法的数学原理和计算步骤,并讨论与SIMPLER算法的区别。在本文下篇中用五个算例对CLEAR算法和SIMPLER算法进行比较,证明了该算法的可行性。     

Fully compressible simulations of the impact of acoustic waves on the dynamics of laminar premixed flames for engine-relevant conditions

Thermo-acoustic instabilities remain problematic in the design of propulsion systems such as gas turbine engines, rocket motors, and ramjets. They arise from the constructive interaction of heat release rate and acoustic pressure oscillations, and can result in increased noise and mechanical fatigue. In the present work, we are concerned with the flame response to the thermodynamic fluctuations that accompany an incident acoustic wave. The objective is to investigate the flame dynamics under engine-relevant conditions using high-fidelity numerical simulations and detailed chemical kinetics. The focus is placed on the combustion of hydrogen and n-heptane, as they are both of practical interest and behave very differently when subjected to acoustic waves. We extract the phase and gain of the unsteady heat release response, which are directly related to the Rayleigh criterion and thus the stability of the system. We highlight the differences between results obtained using the fully compressible Navier-Stokes equations and the low Mach number approximation. The two simulation frameworks agree very well for acoustic wavelengths much larger than the flame thickness. However, they differ significantly at high frequencies. The gain erroneously reaches a plateau under the low Mach number approximation, while it decays to zero using the fully compressible framework. This difference is attributed to the spatial variations in the acoustic pressure, which are not captured by the low Mach number approximation.     

A finite element dynamical nonlinear subscale approximation for the low Mach number flow equations

In this work we propose a variational multiscale finite element approximation of thermally coupled low speed flows. The physical model is described by the low Mach number equations, which are obtained as a limit of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations in the small Mach number regime. In contrast to the commonly used Boussinesq approximation, this model permits to take volumetric deformation into account. Although the former is more general than the latter, both systems have similar mathematical structure and their numerical approximation can suffer from the same type of instabilities.     

ON TRANSMISSION OF SOUND IN A NON-UNIFORM DUCT CARRYING A SUBSONIC COMPRESSIBLE FLOW

The differential equations governing the transmission of one-dimensional sound waves in a non-uniform duct carrying a subsonic compressible mean flow have been the subject of a recent debate [1, 2]. Of the two formulations presented, one is considered to be non-acoustical and the other as neglecting the spatial variation of the speed of sound. The present paper shows that both formulations are acoustical and represent valid approximations to correct conditions for isentropic sound propagation in a subsonic low Mach number duct. Each formulation is associated with an “error wave”, which is essentially a hydrodynamic wave when the mean flow Mach number is small. Three-port modelling is required, however, to capture this wave when the Mach number of the mean flow is relatively large and a numerical matrizant approach is described which can be used for this purpose.     

An Asymptotic-Preserving all-speed scheme for the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations

We present an Asymptotic-Preserving ‘all-speed’ scheme for the simulation of compressible flows valid at all Mach-numbers ranging from very small to order unity. The scheme is based on a semi-implicit discretization which treats the acoustic part implicitly and the convective and diffusive parts explicitly. This discretization, which is the key to the Asymptotic-Preserving property, provides a consistent approximation of both the hyperbolic compressible regime and the elliptic incompressible regime. The divergence-free condition on the velocity in the incompressible regime is respected, and an the pressure is computed via an elliptic equation resulting from a suitable combination of the momentum and energy equations. The implicit treatment of the acoustic part allows the time-step to be independent of the Mach number. The scheme is conservative and applies to steady or unsteady flows and to general equations of state. One and two-dimensional numerical results provide a validation of the Asymptotic-Preserving ‘all-speed’ properties.     

连续激光内通道传输的弱可压缩流模型

 分析了激光在气体中传输时采用等压近似线性方程求解流场密度分布的优缺点，在高低速流场统一计算模型的基础上提出了基于压力原变量的分步求解的弱可压缩流计算模型，并分析了该模型的特点。采用该模型结合标量衍射理论对连续激光在封闭充气管道中受到的气体热效应影响进行了数值仿真。仿真结果与实验结果的对比表明，弱可压缩流计算模型能更精确地反映非自由边界热对流对气体密度分布的影响，进而反映流场对光束的影响。这说明弱可压缩流计算模型能较好地适应内通道光传输问题的仿真研究。     

Improvement of the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation for solving unstationary convection problems in a closed cavity

The validity of using simplified models of compressible fluids for calculations of unstationary convection flows inside closed cavities is tested for the problem of hot gas cooling in a rectangular cavity with cold walls. The Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation and other simplified models are shown to yield incorrect values of pressure, density, and temperature if average pressure change is not negligible. Modification of the numerical method is proposed, which allows one to describe the temporal dependence of pressure correctly without loss of computational efficiency. The results obtained by using a modified Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation and the complete equations for a fully compressible fluid are compared.     

无粘流中能捕捉较弱的接触间断和激波的反扩散差分格式

在研究弱入射激波遇到对称楔以后的马赫反射现象时,激波管实验不易测出很弱的接触间断,也不易捕捉到马赫反射与正规反射转换的条件。文章一方面研究了可压流体力学欧拉方程的数值方法,首先是用反扩散法改进接触间断的计算;另一方面根据格式粘性的特性和它引出的很微小的熵的变化规律来显示很弱的接触间断和反射激波。这样才易于将对三波点的分析推进一步。文[5,6]曾预言了一种反散波是连续的压缩波的新的激波反射类型。我们设想并根据计算初步确认这新类型反射实际应该是简单马赫反射,反射波虽弱仍是激波。     

凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射现象分析

凝聚炸药爆轰在边界高声速材料约束下传播时,爆轰波会在约束材料界面上产生复杂的折射现象.本文针对凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射现象展开理论和数值模拟分析.首先通过建立在爆轰ZND模型上的改进爆轰波极曲线理论给出爆轰波折射类型,然后发展一种求解爆轰反应流动方程的基于特征理论的二阶单元中心型Lagrange计算方法来数值模拟典型的爆轰波折射过程.从改进爆轰波极曲线理论和二阶Lagrange方法数值模拟给出的结果看出,凝聚炸药爆轰波在高声速材料界面上的折射类型有四种:反射冲击波的正规折射、带束缚前驱波的非正规折射、带双Mach反射的非正规折射、带λ波结构的非正规折射.