超声波提取-气相色谱法测定油田区土壤中21种酚类化合物

采用超声波提取—气相色谱法测定油田区土壤中21种酚类化合物,主要研究了提取时间及净化条件等对测定结果的影响.对比了加压流体萃取与超声波提取方式对回收率的影响,结果表明:超声波提取法回收率优于加压流体萃取法,其中2,4-二硝基酚和4-硝基酚两种化合物比加压流体萃取法回收率提高了30%.以10.0 g土壤样品计,酚类化合物的检出限为0.01～0.05 mg/kg,样品加标回收率为81.5%～110%,精密度为2.6%～11%.经有证标准物质验证,相对误差为2.6%～14%.试验结果表明,超声波提取法适合于油田区土壤中21种酚类化合物的测定.     

土壤中多种有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的气相色谱-质谱法测定

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中12种有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留分析方法。以丙酮-石油醚(4∶1,V/V)为提取剂,采用超声波提取土壤中农药残留,经弗罗里土层析柱净化,气相色谱-质谱(选择离子模式)法同时测定了土壤中多种有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药。该法对0.1μg/mL和0.5μg/mL两个浓度添加水平的回收率分别为70.1%~119.0%和78.1%~119.1%,相对标准偏差分别为6.30%~9.80%和5.20%~8.23%。     

长江沿岸某化工园区土壤、底泥中酚类化合物的污染现状

建立了同时测定土壤（底泥）样品中12种酚类化合物的检测方法。采用加速溶剂萃取（ASE）与凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）协同净化进行前处理,气相色谱和质谱联用技术（GC-MS）进行定性定量分析。方法检出限为0.410~13.1 μg/kg（干重）,回收率在70.7%~122%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.2%~16%。基于上述分析方法研究了长江沿岸某化工园区土壤及长江底泥中12种酚类化合物的污染水平。17个土壤样品和7个底泥样品中除对苯二酚外的11种酚类化合物均有检出。土壤和底泥中酚类污染物总含量范围分别为10.16~30.66 mg/kg和18.00~29.83 mg/kg,平均含量分别为18.26 mg/kg和22.51 mg/kg。土壤和底泥中最主要的酚类污染物为4-硝基苯酚和4-氯-3-甲酚,其次为邻氯对苯二酚、4,6-二硝基邻甲基苯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚。该化工园区周边土壤及长江底泥中12种酚类污染物污染水平较低、环境风险较小。     

加速溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定土壤、沉积物和污泥中的10种紫外线吸收剂

利用加速溶剂萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法建立了同时测定土壤、沉积物和污泥中10种紫外线吸收剂的分析方法。样品采用加速溶剂萃取法提取,提取过程中加入硅胶进行同步净化,提取温度为120℃,提取溶剂为甲醇/二氯甲烷混合溶剂(V/V,50/50),静态循环2次,最后采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析检测。10种目标化合物的回收率为70.9%~117%,在土壤和沉积物样品中,大部分目标化合物的LOD<1 ng/g,LOQ<4 ng/g;污泥样品中,大部分目标化合物的LOD<10 ng/g,LOQ<30 ng/g,方法灵敏度高,检出限和定量限都较低。应用此方法检测了土壤、沉积物和污泥的实际样品,结果检出了多种紫外线吸收剂,说明紫外线吸收剂在环境中污染问题不容忽视。     

气相色谱质谱法测定聚氨酯塑胶跑道中多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱质谱法测定聚氨酯塑胶跑道中多环芳烃的分析方法。方法以甲苯为提取剂,经过超声提取和硅胶柱净化后,用气相色谱质谱测定16种多环芳烃含量。在0.5,1.0,5.0 mg/kg添加水平下平均回收率分别为73.8%~88.6%,84.0%~92.3%,88.2%~103.5%,相对标准偏差RSD分别为2.4%~9.2%,1.3%~8.2%,0.92%~7.3%。使用该方法测定实物样品发现6份塑胶跑道样品中均含有不同浓度的多环芳烃。     

二甲戊乐灵在溪黄草及土壤中的残留分析方法研究

本文对溪黄草样品采用丙酮-正己烷提取,活性炭-中性氧化铝柱净化,石油醚-丙酮淋洗前处理;土壤样品经乙腈提取等步骤前处理,建立了溪黄草及土壤中二甲戊乐灵残留的气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)的分析方法。结果表明:二甲戊乐灵的最小检出量为0.1ng,其在溪黄草和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.01mg/kg,在溪黄草中的平均回收率为88.53%~90.45%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.33%~2.76%;在土壤中的平均回收率为93.94%~96.23%,RSD为4.67%~4.80%,二甲戊乐灵在0.01~2mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系。     

索氏提取-气相色谱法测定高含水率土壤中 21种酚类化合物

高含水率土壤样品与无水硫酸钠混合均匀后,以二氯甲烷-正己烷(2+1)混合液为提取剂进行索氏提取,提取液经氢氧化钠溶液净化,再经酸化后由二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(4+1)混合液提取,最后进行浓缩,采用气相色谱法测定浓缩液中21种酚类化合物的含量。用HP-5色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。21种酚类化合物的质量浓度均在1.0～100.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限为0.01～0.07mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为71.4%～95.1%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.0%～11%。     

气相色谱法同时检测土壤中11种农药残留

本文采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯混合溶剂对土壤样品中的多种农药进行超声提取,提取液经弗洛里硅土小柱净化后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)进行检测,建立了土壤中多种农药残留同时检测的新方法。该方法对11种农药的线性范围为2.5~200μg/L,检出限为0.21~2.13μg/L,加标回收率为79.8%~116%。该方法操作简单、净化效果好、准确度和精密度高,能满足土壤中多种不同类型农药的同时快速测定。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定固体废物中酚类化合物

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定固体废物中12种酚类化合物残留量的方法。样品以丙酮-二氯甲烷(2+3)混合液为萃取剂,经加速溶剂萃取仪提取后,在K-D浓缩装置上浓缩至1 mL,经硅胶柱净化后,用丙酮-二氯甲烷(1+9)混合液淋洗后再经K-D浓缩至1 mL,通过HP-5 MS石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择离子监测模式进行质谱测定。12种酚类化合物的检出限(3S/N)在9.60～18.5μg.kg-1之间。以空白土壤样品为基体进行回收试验,测得回收率在74.7%～108.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于7.5%。     

改进QuChERS–气相色谱法测定水产品中硫丹残留量

建立了水产品中硫丹残留量的改进样品快速处理技术(QuChERS)–气相色谱法检测方法。水产品样品以乙腈为提取剂,应用改进的QuChERS方法进行净化,并利用气相色谱法进行检测,以基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。在2~10μg/kg添加水平范围内,α-硫丹和β-硫丹的平均回收率分别为97.8%~107.7%,98.5%~102.9%;测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.77%~10.4%,2.55%~5.84%;方法检出限分别为1.8,2.0μg/kg;定量限分别为5.4,6.0μg/kg。该法满足水产品中硫丹残留量的测定要求。     

Rapid residue analysis of oxathiapiprolin and its metabolites in typical Chinese soil,water, and sediments by a modified quick,easy, cheap,effective, rugged,and safe method with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and effective method for the simultaneous determination of residues from a new fungicide, oxathiapiprolin, and its metabolites (IN‐E8S72 and IN‐WR791) in soil, water, and sediment, was developed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Three compounds were extracted from water, soil, and sediment by using acetonitrile and different proportions of formic acid aqueous solution (1% v/v for water; 2% v/v for soil; and sediment), and were cleaned with octadecylsilane. The target compounds were determined within 5 min using an electrospray ionization source in the positive mode for oxathiapiprolin and in the negative mode for the two metabolites. The limits of quantification for all the three compounds were 0.1 μg/kg in water and 1 μg/kg in soil and sediment. Recovery studies were performed using three spiked levels (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/kg for water; 1, 10, and 50 μg/kg for soil and sediment). The overall average recoveries ranged from 64.8 to 112.7% with all intra‐ and interday relative standard deviation values below 19.4 and 19.1%, respectively. The method validation confirmed that the proposed method was convenient and reliable for determining residual oxathiapiprolin and its metabolites in soil, water, and sediments.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定稻田中苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺残留

建立了同时测定稻田(稻田土壤、水和植株)中苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺残留量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。稻田水样品用二氯甲烷直接萃取;稻田土壤样品用碱性乙腈-二氯甲烷(1:1, v/v)混合液直接提取;水稻植株样品用碱性二氯甲烷提取后,二氯甲烷提取液经弗罗里硅土柱净化。上述样品溶液采用C18不锈钢色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,流动相为水-甲醇(30:70, v/v),流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,紫外检测波长为238 nm,外标法定量。苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺在0.05～5.00 mg/L范围内的线性关系均很好(r＞0.9999)。在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中添加3个水平(0.05, 0.10, 1.00 mg/kg)的苄嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺,两者的回收率均在85.39%～113.33%之间,相对标准偏差为0.91%～10.24%。这表明该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查姜和葱中44种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)快速筛查和确证姜和葱中44种农药残留的分析方法。样品采用QuEChERS技术进行前处理,用含0.1%(v/v)乙酸的乙腈溶液进行提取,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和十八烷基键合硅胶(C_(18))吸附剂净化。使用Poroshell 120 SB-C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下检测,外标法定量。采用全离子MS/MS模式,通过一次数据采集,同时完成化合物的定性筛查和确证。44种化合物在线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.995。44种化合物的定量限(S/N=10)为2.5~5.0μg/kg,在3个添加水平下的回收率为73.4%~113.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~12.1%(n=6)。该法有效地提高了高分辨质谱进行农药多残留筛查时的检测效率,具有较强的实际应用价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定土壤中香豆素类灭鼠药残留

建立了测定土壤中杀鼠灵、杀鼠醚、溴敌隆、氟鼠灵、溴鼠隆5种香豆素类灭鼠药残留量的柱后衍生荧光检测高效液相色谱方法。样品在加入内标物氯杀鼠灵后用丙酮-氨水-甲醇（体积比为100：3：100）混合液提取,浓缩的提取液用5 mL正己烷-氯仿（体积比为3：1）混合液溶解,NH₂固相萃取小柱净化,用15 mL 50 mmol/L四丁基磷酸二氢铵甲醇溶液洗脱分析物,移除溶剂,用甲醇-0.25%（体积分数）乙酸水溶液（体积比为3：2）混合液溶解,过滤后,经高效液相色谱分离,以甲醇-氨水-水（体积比为1：1：8）混合液为衍生试剂进行柱后衍生,采用荧光检测器检测。杀鼠灵、杀鼠醚、溴敌隆、氟鼠灵、溴鼠隆5种鼠药在0.02～10.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为2.2～18.5 μg/L。在0.1～0.3 mg/kg添加水平内,5种灭鼠药的回收率为94.6%～118.0%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.8%～10.2% （n=3）。实验结果表明该方法灵敏、准确,重复性好。     

Sample preparation and determination of ginkgo terpene trilactones in selected beverage, snack, and dietary supplement products by liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has been widely used in dietary supplements and more recently in some foods and beverages. Sample preparation procedures for determination of ginkgo terpene trilactones (including bilobalide and ginkgolides A, B, C, and J) in various sample matrixes were developed in this study. Ginkgo leaves and capsules were extracted with 5% KH2PO4 aqueous solution under sonication. Tea bags were extracted with boiling water, whereas drink samples were taken directly from the bottles. After filtration and the addition of NaCl to approximately 30% (w/v), the terpene trilactones in aqueous solutions were quantitatively extracted with ethyl acetate-tetrahydrofuran (4 + 1, v/v). Puff samples (a cereal-based fried snack item) were first defatted by using hexane or by using supercritical fluid extraction and then extracting under sonication with methanol-acetic acid (99 + 1, v/v). After evaporation of the organic phase, the terpene trilactones were redissolved in methanol and determined on a C18 reversed-phase column by liquid chromatography (LC) with evaporative light-scattering detection. The method of standard additions and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection were used for method validation. For most samples, the relative standard deviation was <10%. The identities of target compounds in ginkgo leaves and drink samples were confirmed by LC/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of phenolic compounds in rice

A method has been developed for the determination of 6'-O-feruloylsucrose, 6'-O-sinapoylsucrose, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic (3-caffeoylquinic) acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid in rice. The rice samples were extracted with 70% ethanol, filtered, and defatted. The defatted aqueous solution was subjected to solid-phase extraction using a C18 silica gel cartridge; no analyte was lost in this procedure. The 70% acidic methanol elution was analyzed directly by HPLC and HPLC-ESI-MS. Phenolic compounds were separated with a C18 reversed-phase column by gradient elution using 0.025% trifluoroacetic acid in purified water (A)--acetonitrile (B) (0 min, 5% B; 5 min, 9% B; 15 min, 9% B; 22 min, 11% B; and 38 min, 18% B) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Detection limits ranged from 0.10 to 0.35 ng per injection (5 microl). Relative standard deviations of 0.22-3.95% and recoveries of 99-108% were obtained for simultaneous determination of these phenolic compounds. This method was applied to analysis of phenolic compounds in brown rice and germinated brown rice soaked in 32 degrees C water for varying durations.     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定罗汉果中55种杀菌剂

建立了广西名优特产罗汉果中55种杀菌剂残留的QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。试样经1%(v/v)醋酸乙腈提取后,加入无水硫酸镁脱水,并使用无水硫酸钠、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和C18进行净化。采用均含有0.005 mol/L甲酸铵及0.01%(v/v)甲酸的95%(v/v)乙腈水溶液和水作为流动相中的有机相和水相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI+)下采用动态多反应监测(DMRM)进行扫描,基质匹配外标法定量。55种杀菌剂在1.0~100.0μg/kg范围内线性相关性良好,相关系数(R~2)0.99;方法的检出限(S/N3)为1.0μg/kg,定量限(S/N10)为10.0μg/kg;加标(10.0μg/kg)回收率为76.96%~118.45%,相对标准偏差为3.44%~19.63%(n=6)。该法快速、准确、灵敏,适合高通量检测罗汉果中的杀菌剂残留。     

稳定同位素稀释离子色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定血浆和尿液中的氟乙酸

建立了离子色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定血浆和尿液样品中氟乙酸（MFA）的方法。血浆样品经高氯酸超声提取,尿液样品经高氯酸酸化,血浆和尿液提取液在pH 0.5~1.0条件下用叔丁基甲醚（MTBE）萃取,萃取液经氮吹浓缩后溶于0.1%（v/v）氨水溶液。以Ionpac AS 19型阴离子色谱柱为分析柱,在线自动产生的氢氧化钾作为淋洗液进行梯度分离,柱流出液经阴离子抑制器抑制后进入质谱系统。采用电喷雾电离源,在负离子、多离子监测（MRM）模式下检测,¹³C₂-氟乙酸稳定同位素内标法定量。血浆和尿液样品中氟乙酸的平均加标回收率为96.2%~120%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~13.1%（n=6）,方法的检出限（S/N=3）分别为0.03 μg/L和0.1 μg/L。该法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于生物样品中氟乙酸的检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料和卧床土中的环境雌激素

建立了饲料和卧床土中雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮、双酚A和己烯雌酚5种环境雌激素的固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。对色谱流动相、质谱条件、固相萃取柱等影响因素进行了优化,得到的最优化条件为:样品经乙腈提取后,用固相萃取柱(NH₂-SPE)进行富集,采用Acquity UPLC^TM HSS T₃色谱柱分离,以乙腈-甲醇(4:1, v/v)与0.01%氨水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,在负离子模式下进行MS/MS测定。在该优化条件下,5种环境雌激素的检出限(以信噪比为3计)为0.06~0.22 μg/kg,回收率为81.70%~102.20%,相对标准偏差小于10.00%。该方法用于饲料和卧床土中的5种环境雌激素残留量的测定具有简便、快速、灵敏的特点。