三维海洋内孤立波数值水槽造波研究

海洋内孤立波因其分布广泛和携带巨大能量,对于潜艇安全航行影响很大.本文采用有限体积自适应半结构多重网格法求解Navier-Stokes方程,并用VOF方法追踪两层流体界面,应用双推板造波法进行内孤立波数值造波,建立了两层流体中的内孤立波数值水槽.数值模拟结果证实了该数值水槽数值造波的有效性和可靠性,为后续研究打下了基础...     

边界积分方程法在动态断裂力学中的数值计算研究

本文将D.Nardini和C.A.Brebbia所提出的一种动态边界积分方程新解法应用于动态断裂力学数值计算，对数值实现问题，尤其对数值稳定性及精度问题进行了详细研究，得到了能保证数值稳定性的数值解法，给出了动态断裂力学计算实例，同己有的数值结果比较，表明本文的计算是成功的。     

杆式射流形成的数值模拟研究

利用数值仿真软件LS-DYNA3D,通过数值模拟方法研究了药型罩压跨、射流的形成、延伸和失稳断裂的全过程,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,得到了一套实用的数值模拟方法及材料模型参数,定性分析了大锥角的药型罩压垮过程,对形成杆式射流的药型罩结构设计具有一定借鉴意义。     

一种建筑材料细观力学数值模拟的新方法

数值流形方法通过数学和物理双重网格,分析连续和非连续问题,已应用于模拟节理岩体裂隙的开裂与闭合问题.但对于裂纹尖端的局部化问题,数值流形方法需要像有限元那样在裂纹尖端设置细密单元.本文利用裂纹尖端解析解将数值流形方法的基函数进行扩展,推导了相应的试函数.从最小势能原理出发提出了断裂力学的数值流形方法,推导了相应的求解方程,将其应用于建筑材料细观力学数值模拟.最后给出两个数值算例,将计算结果与解析解对比,说明该方法的正确性和可行性.     

三维编织复合材料模量的双尺度有限元计算

针对三维编织复合材料的力学性能进行了双尺度有限元(TSA)数值计算,给出了计算模型和算法过程,并将数值结果与文献中的实验数据进行了比较,验证了算法的物理准确性。编织复合材料的力学性能不仅依赖于材料的基本组份,也与细观构造相关。双尺度有限元计算可以数值模拟出三维编织复合材料的整体力学性能,从而为材料的研发提供指导。本文的双尺度有限元三维数值计算方法可以推广到其他增强／孔隙等多相复合材料的数值模拟。     

一种新的求解对流扩散边值问题的无网格方法

基于配点法和楔形基函数,提出了一种新的求解对流扩散边值问题的无网格方法。通过一维和二维的问题验证了该数值方法的可行性;并根据数值算例和分析,可以看到该数值方法能达到满意的收敛效果。该数值方法的隐格式形式能够有效地消除对流占优问题的数值振荡现象,是一种真正的无网格方法。     

火炮制退机流场的数值模拟

利用Rodi ASM模型和SIMPLER计算程式对接近于实际结构的制退机流场做了数值模拟,获得了制退机湍流流场的结构,并对数值模拟结果进行了分析,数值模拟结果揭示了制退机流场中存在流动截面收缩现象。     

非线性流体-刚体结构相互作用问题的一种数值模拟方法

给出了一种模拟非线性流体-刚体结构相互作用问题的数值方法．文中假定结构承受大的刚体运动,流体流动受非线性有粘或无粘的场方程支配并满足自由表面和两相耦合界面上的非线性边界条件,利用任意拉氏-欧氏（ALE）网格系统构造了数值模型．采用所探讨的多块数值格式,允许可动重造网格间有独立的相对运动,从而克服了流体网格与固体大运动匹配的困难．通过数值离散化,导出了描述非线性流固耦合动力学的数值方程并应用耦合迭代过程对其作了求解．通过算例,说明了所提出数值模型的应用．     

数值流形方法及其研究进展

数值流形方法是当前岩体力学与工程界十分关注的一种新的数值方法.本文简述了数值流形方法的基本概念及其研究与应用进展,指出了它与有限元法的主要区别,提出了作者的几点粗浅看法.      

分数阶微分方程的Haar小波算法研究

在BPFs的Caputo分数阶微分算子矩阵的基础上,建立了Haar小波的分数阶微分算子矩阵,提出了一种有效的求解分数阶微分方程的Haar小波数值方法,并将该方法应用于线性和非线性分数阶常微分方程求解中.数值算例表明,该算法简单,数值精确度高,是一种高效的数值求解方法.     

Formation of solitary waves on gas-sheared liquid layers

The origin of solitary waves on gas-liquid sheared layers is studied by comparing the behavior of the wave field at sufficiently low liquid Reynolds number, R_L, where solitary waves are observed to form, to measurements at higher R_L where solitary waves do not occur. Observations of the wave field with high-speed video imaging suggest that solitary waves, which appear as a secondary transition of the stratified gas-liquid interface, emanate from existing dominant waves, but that not all dominant waves are transformed. From measurements of interface tracings it is found that for low R_L, waves which have amplitude/substrate depth (a/h) ratios of 0.5–1 occur while for higher R_L, no such waves are observed. A comparison of amplitude/wavelength ratios shows no distinction for different R_L. Consequently, it is conjectured that solitary waves originate from waves with sufficiently large a/h ratios; this change of form being similar to wave breaking. The dimensionless wavenumber is found to be smaller at low R_L, where solitary waves are observed. This suggests that perhaps, larger precursor (to solitary wave) waves are possible because the degree of dispersion, which acts to break waves into separate modes, is lower.     

Nonlinear flexural waves in fluid–filled elastic channels

Nonlinear waves on liquid sheets between thin infinite elastic plates are studied analytically and numerically. Linear and nonlinear models are used for the elastic plates coupled to the Euler equations for the fluid. One-dimensional time-dependent equations are derived based on a long-wavelength approximation. Inertia of the elastic plates is neglected, so linear perturbations are stable. Symmetric and mixed-mode travelling waves are found with the linear plate model and symmetric travelling waves are found for the nonlinear case. Numerical simulations are employed to study the evolution in time of initial disturbances and to compare the different models used. Nonlinear effects are found to decrease the travelling wave speed compared with linear models. At sufficiently large amplitude of initial disturbances, higher order temporal oscillations induced by nonlinearity can lead to thickness of the liquid sheet approaching zero.     

Explicit conditions for the existence of exceptional body waves and subsonic surface waves in anisotropic elastic solids

It is known that a subsonic surface (Rayleigh) wave exists in an anisotropic elastic half-space x₂  0 if the first transonic state is not of Type 1. If the first transonic state is of Type 1 but the limiting wave is not exceptional, a subsonic surface wave exists. If the first transonic state is of Type 1 and the limiting wave is exceptional, a subsonic surface wave exists when . It is shown that an exceptional body wave is necessarily an exceptional transonic wave, and could be an exceptional limiting wave. Only two wave speeds are possible for an exceptional body wave. We present explicit conditions in terms of the reduced elastic compliances for the existence of an exceptional body wave. If an exceptional body wave exists, conditions are given for identifying whether the transonic state is of Type 1. Hence, through the existence of an exceptional body wave we provide explicit conditions for the existence of a subsonic surface wave with the exception when needs to be computed.     

弹塑性波的研究现状与趋势

本文系统总结了弹塑性波理论的研究现状,并介绍了当前在弹塑性波理论和相关的工程领域中的重要课题。分析并指出了今后弹塑性波问题的研究趋势。     

The application of finite element analysis to the solution of Stokes wave diffraction problems

A new finite-element based method of calculating non-linear wave loads on offshore structures in extreme seas is presented in this paper. The diffraction wave field is modelled using Stokes wave theory developed to second order. Wave loads and free surface elevations are obtained for fixed surface-piercing structures by solving a boundary value problem for the second-order velocity potential. Special attention has been given to the radiation condition for the second-order diffraction field. Results are presented for three test examples, the vertical cylinders of Kim and Yue and of Chakrabarti, and an elliptic cylinder. These results demonstrate that early problems with the application of second-order theory arising from inadequate radiation conditions have been overcome.     

Counter-intuitive results in acousto-elasticity

We present examples of body wave and surface wave propagation in deformed solids where the slowest and the fastest waves do not travel along the directions of least and greatest stretch, respectively. These results run counter to commonly accepted theory, practice, and implementation of the principles of acousto-elasticity in initially isotropic solids. For instance, we find that in nickel and steel the fastest waves are along the direction of greatest compression, not greatest extension (and vice-versa for the slowest waves), as soon as those solids are deformed. Further, we find that when some materials are subject to a small-but-finite deformation, other extrema of wave speeds appear in non-principal directions. Examples include nickel, steel, polystyrene, and a certain hydrogel. The existence of these “oblique”, non-principal extremal waves complicates the protocols for the non-destructive determination of the directions of extreme strains.     

Nonlinear traveling waves in a compressible Mooney-Rivlin rod I. Long finite-amplitude waves

In literature, nonlinear traveling waves in elastic circular rods have only been studied based on single partial differential equation (pde) models, and here we consider such a problem by using a more accurate coupled-pde model. We derive the Hamiltonian from the model equations for the long finite-amplitude wave approximation, analyze how the number of singular points of the system changes with the parameters, and study the features of these singular points qualitatively. Various physically acceptable nonlinear traveling waves are also discussed, and corresponding examples are given. In particular, we find that certain waves, which cannot be counted by the single-equation model, can arise. The project supported by the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR, China (City U 1107/99P) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10372054 and 10171061)     

The role of buoyancy–frequency oscillations in the generation of mountain gravity waves

There is evidence from balloon measurements that atmospheric buoyancy–frequency profiles, apart from a sharp increase (roughly by a factor of two) at the tropopause, often feature appreciable oscillations (typical wavelength 1–2 km) with altitude. It is argued here that such short-scale oscillatory variations of the background buoyancy frequency, which usually are ignored in theoretical models, can have a profound effect on the generation of mountain waves owing to a resonance mechanism that comes into play at certain wind speeds depending on the dominant oscillation wavelength. A simple linear model assuming small sinusoidal buoyancy–frequency oscillations suggests, and numerical solutions of the Euler equations for more realistic flow conditions confirm, that under resonant conditions the induced gravity-wave activity is significantly increased above and upstream of the mountain, similarly to resonant flow of finite depth over topography.