五氟吡啶激发态非绝热弛豫过程中的分子结构

利用量子化学计算研究了五氟吡啶分子的激发态非绝热弛豫路径中一些关键点的分子结构和能量.计算确定了五氟吡啶分子基态及两个最低激发态的结构和相应电子态的垂直和绝热激发能,其中基态是具有C_2v对称性的平面结构,而激发态结构为平面外畸变的半船型结构.同时确定了3个锥形交叉S₂/S₁, S₁/S₀, S₂/S₀的拓扑结构和能量.在分支空间中,锥形交叉S₂/S₁, S₁/S₀, S₂/S₀的结构都是尖峰不对称结构,分别为船型、半船型和椅式结构,其能量分别为6.39, 5.16和8.51 eV.计算结果表明五氟吡啶分子的非辐射弛豫主要是S₂态上的波包经锥形交叉S₂/S₁快速内转换到S₁态,再通过S₁/S     

铯6S1/2 -6P3/2 -8S1/2阶梯型系统中超精细能级的多重电磁感应透明

基于铯原子6S_1/2 -6P_3/2 -8S_1/2的阶梯型能级系统,对室温下铯原子气室中的电磁感应透明(EIT)谱进行了研究.由于探测光的频率锁定于基态6S_1/2(F=3)到中间态6P_3/2的超精细跃迁线上,耦合光在中间态6P_3/2和激发态8S_1/2之间扫描,得到的EIT谱具有平坦的背景,提高了光谱的精度.理论上,采用了一个多能级的EIT模型,将其计算结果与所观察的实验现象进行了比较,二者符合得比较好. 关键词： 电磁感应透明 光抽运 超精细结构 阶梯型系统     

一维准周期体系中的电子延展态

本文采用动力学映象方法,研究了作为泛Fibonacci序列一个子集的一系列一维准周期体系的电子性质,该一维准周期体系S_∞由递推公式S_l+1=S_l^2j-1S_l-1²ⁱ构造,其中l≥1,i,j为正整数,初始条件为S₀和S₁,结果表明,该一维准周期体系无论是对角模型和非对角模型,都存在电子延展态。 关键词：     

五氯苯酚分子在激发和电离过程中分子结构和简谐振动的变化研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算得到了五氯苯酚(PCP)分子在基态(S₀态)、第一电子激发态(S₁态)和离子基态(D₀态)优化的结构参数和简谐振动频率值.通过分析PCP分子在激发和电离过程中的苯环与取代基OH和Cl之间的键长和键角的变化情况,可以看到取代基OH和Cl的给电子和吸电子效应使苯环的结构发生了变化,尤其是靠近Cl原子处的变化较明显.通过分析每个简谐振动模式对应的振动频率值在激发和电离过程中的变化情况,可以看到PCP分子在S₀态和D₀态的同一振动模式对应的振动频率值接近,在S₁←S₀跃迁中,PCP分子中约二分之一的平面内弯曲和平面内伸缩振动受到的影响较大,而平面外弯曲振动受到的影响较小.     

高双折射光纤中非线性耦合模偏振态稳定性分析

通过高双折射光纤中非线性耦合模传输方程,首先,利用斯托克斯参量,用庞加莱球研究分析了耦合模传输的稳定性及偏振态的演变,结果表明高双折射光纤中耦合模的传输不产生分歧现象,传输具有稳定性;其次,描述了拉曼效应对各种状态下偏振态演变规律的影响,给出了斯托克斯参量S₁,S₂与S₃的解析解及拉曼效应对偏振态的演变周期的影响.     

铯原子7S1/2态磁偶极超精细常数的测量

在室温下的原子气室中, 基于铯原子6S_1/2-6P_3/2-7S_1/2(852.3 nm+1469.9 nm) 阶梯型能级系统, 利用电光调制器的主频和±1级边带分别产生的三套双共振吸收光谱, 当驱动电光调制器的信号源频率严格等于7S_1/2态超精细分裂的能级间隔时, 三套谱线中的一些超精细跃迁谱线重叠且线宽最窄, 利用这一现象很好地避免了激光器频率扫描时非线性效应的影响, 测量出了7S_1/2 态超精细分裂能级间隔: 2183.72 MHz±0.23 MHz, 并计算出该态的磁偶极超精细常数: A_hfs= 545.93 m MHz±0.06 MHz, 与文献中报道的测量结果一致.     

调制激光场中Rydberg原子的电磁感应透明

本文主要研究了调制探测激光场中铯Rydberg 原子阶梯型三能级系统的电磁感应透明(EIT) 效应. 铯原子基态6S_1/2, 第一激发态6P_3/2 和Rydberg 态形成阶梯型三能级系统, 探测光作用于6S_1/2 (F = 4)→6P_3/2(F' = 5) 的跃迁, 耦合光在Rydberg 跃迁线6P_3/2→49S_1/2 附近扫描, 形成Rydberg 原子EIT. 当对探测光频率施加一个几kHz 的调制时, 调制解调后的EIT 信号分裂为两个峰, 双峰间距与调制频率无关,而与调制幅度导致的失谐量大小(频率调制幅度) 成正比, 双峰间隔的一半等于探测光频率调制幅度的λ_p/λ_c = 1.67 倍. 实验结果与理论计算相一致. 本文的研究结果可应用于激光线型和频率抖动的实时监测.     

S3解离中的非绝热过程

采用量子力学从头计算方法研究了硫的三聚物S_３低激发态解离过程.构造了S_３分子的解离极限.对态态间跃迁极矩的计算表明，在势能曲面的交叉区域态态间存在相互转换的非绝热过程，从而确定了在S_３解离为S₂的复杂过程中，非绝热预解离是重要的解离通道. 关键词： ３')" href="#">S_３ 从头算 预解离 非绝热     

Rydberg原子nS1/2→(n+1)S1/2双光子激发EIT-AT光谱

主要研究了热原子蒸气池中铯Rydberg原子nS_1/2→(n+1)S_1/2微波耦合的双光子光谱.铯原子基态(6S_1/2)、第一激发态(6P_3/2)、Rydberg态(69S_1/2)形成阶梯型三能级系统,弱探测光作用于基态到激发态6S_1/2→6P_3/2的跃迁,强耦合光则作用于6P_3/2→69S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁形成电磁感应透明(EIT)效应,实现对Rydberg原子的光学探测.频率fMW=11.735 GHz的微波场耦合69S_1/2→70S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁,形成微波双光子光谱.利用EIT-AT分裂光谱研究微波电场强度对双光子光谱的影响.研究表明:在强微波场作用时,EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成正比,而弱微波场时的EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成非线性依赖关系,理论计算与实验测量结果相一致.本文的研究对微波电场的精密测量具有一定的指导意义.     

Rydberg原子nS1/2→(n+1)S1/2双光子激发EIT-AT光谱

主要研究了热原子蒸气池中铯Rydberg原子nS_1/2→(n+1)S_1/2微波耦合的双光子光谱.铯原子基态(6S_1/2)、第一激发态(6P_3/2)、Rydberg态(69S_1/2)形成阶梯型三能级系统,弱探测光作用于基态到激发态6S_1/2→6P_3/2的跃迁,强耦合光则作用于6P_3/2→69S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁形成电磁感应透明(EIT)效应,实现对Rydberg原子的光学探测.频率fMW=11.735 GHz的微波场耦合69S_1/2→70S_1/2的Rydberg跃迁,形成微波双光子光谱.利用EIT-AT分裂光谱研究微波电场强度对双光子光谱的影响.研究表明:在强微波场作用时,EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成正比,而弱微波场时的EIT-AT分裂与微波场功率成非线性依赖关系,理论计算与实验测量结果相一致.本文的研究对微波电场的精密测量具有一定的指导意义.     

Duffing振子微弱信号检测方法研究

在前期实验工作的基础上,从理论分析的角度,提出了利用Duffing振子从大周期态向混沌态的相变 作为判据的微弱周期信号检测方法,给出了检测原理,并论证了其可行性;从过渡带影响和检测概率两方面 将该方法与传统的检测方法进行了比较分析,并对两者的检测性能进行了仿真对比.分析和仿真结果都显示,相同条件下, Duffing振子从大周期态向混沌态的相变受过渡带影响更小,所提方法具有更好的检测性能. 实验数据还表明, Duffing振子检测微弱信号只能基于单向相变, 利用阵发混沌进行频差检测只适用于待测信号信噪比较高的情况. 关键词： Duffing 混沌 检测 过渡带     

一种基于广义Duffing振子的水中弱目标检测方法

海洋环境中,在水下目标的线谱频率未知或者目标辐射噪声的连续谱很弱时,很难实现水中弱目标的准确检测,本文提出基于广义Duffing振子检测系统的水下目标辐射噪声检测方法.通过对传统周期扰动的Duffing振子信号检测系统的分析和推广,提出了一种可输入非周期、非平稳信号的广义Duffing振子检测系统,可检测输入的无先验信息目标信号.为实现广义Duffing振子系统运动状态的精确、有效判断,提出了一种相空间图形的离散分布列计算方法,通过类网格函数实现了利用统计复杂度对系统输出的嵌入式表征,从而实现了无先验信息时的水中弱目标的嵌入式检测.相同条件下与传统检测方法仿真对比可知,本文提出的方法可以检测到更低信噪比下的目标,并能满足水中检测实时性要求.     

Research on detection method of multi-frequency weak signal based on stochastic resonance and chaos characteristics of Duffing system

Weak signal detection has been widely used in many fields such as military and national economy. Aiming at the problem that the traditional stochastic resonance (SR) method can’t obtain the signal amplitude when detecting weak signals, the frequency and amplitude of the weak signal are obtained by combining the SR and chaos characteristics of the two-dimensional Duffing system. Firstly, the effects of two-dimensional Duffing system parameters a, b, k, noise intensity D on the Kramers rate and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are analyzed under the Gaussian white noise environment. The results show that the damping ratio K can hinder the SR effect of the system to some extent. Secondly, to solve the misjudgment of the state method of the weak signal amplitude in the detection, the Lyapunov exponent is used to assure the threshold's range, and the threshold of the chaotic critical state is found. Finally, the paper gives the processes of frequency and amplitude detection of multiple high-frequency signals, which realizes the effective detection of the frequency and amplitude of multiple high-frequency signals in a Gaussian white noise environment, and successfully applies the method to the accurate detection of boundary voltage amplitude in electrical impedance tomography.     

Analysis of a kind of Duffing oscillator system used to detect weak signals

The stability of the periodic solution of the Duffing oscillator system in the periodic phase state is proved by using the Yoshizaw theorem, which establishes a theoretical basis for using this kind of chaotic oscillator system to detect weak signals. The restoring force term of the system affects the weak-signal detection ability of the system directly, the quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the linear and nonlinear items of the restoring force of the Duffing oscillator system and the SNR in the detection of weak signals is obtained through a large number of simulation experiments, then a new restoring force function with better detection results is established.     

电力系统故障的微弱信号检测方法的研究

为了确保电力系统能够安全稳定的运行,实时检测故障中的微弱信号。通过噪声干扰情况下微弱信号的不同变化进行研究,得到了一种微弱信号的DUFFING混沌检测模型。系统发生故障时会产生相应的微弱信号,运用DUFFING混沌振子法分析不同情况下微弱信号的时域波形和相平面轨迹变化规律,并建立数学检测模型,对其幅值进行混沌检测仿真。结果表明,当r=0.8264V,w=1rad/s时将白噪声和微弱正弦信号同时加入后,此时,混沌状态、大尺度周期状态的相平面运行轨迹依然在进行有规律的运行,可以清晰的观察出需要检测的微弱信号。在强噪声存在于系统中时,该方法明显克服了噪声对信号稳定性的干扰,能精确有效检测微弱信号。系统在应对不同工作环境、仪器设备老化等情况时,提高了检测效率,保证系统的稳定运行。     

Circuitry implementation of a novel four-dimensional nonautonomous hyperchaotic Liu system and its experimental studies on synchronization control

Based on the three-dimensional Liu chaotic system, this paper appends a feedback variable to construct a novel hyperchaotic Liu system. Then, a control signal is further added to construct a novel nonautonomous hyperchaotic Liu system. Through adjusting the frequency of the control signal, the chaotic property of the system can be controlled to show some different dynamic behaviors such as periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic and hyperchaotic dynamic behaviours. By numerical simulations, the Lyapunov exponent spectrums, bifurcation diagrams and phase diagrams of the two new systems are studied, respectively. Furthermore, the synchronizing circuits of the nonautonomous hyperchaotic Liu system are designed via the synchronization control method of single variable coupling feedback. Finally, the hardware circuits are implemented, and the corresponding waves of chaos are observed by an oscillograph.     

混沌振子系统周期解几何特征量分析与微弱周期信号的定量检测

提出了一种对微弱周期信号的定量检测方法.分析混沌振子系统在大尺度周期状态下的相对稳定输出时,发现了混沌振子系统输出周期解的平均面积是一个比较稳定的几何特征量.该几何特征量与待测信号幅值之间存在比较稳定的单调递增关系.在一定的参数条件下,几何特征量精度可达到10^-6V².利用混沌系统对随机噪声信号的免疫性和对微弱周期信号的敏感性,进一步建立了微弱周期信号的定量检测方法.仿真实验表明,随着待检测幅度的增加,在保证检测精度的同时,抗噪性能也随之增强. 关键词： 混沌振子系统 大尺度周期相态 周期解的几何特征量 微弱周期信号的定量检测     

环形耦合Duffing振子间的同步突变

以环形耦合Duffing振子系统为研究对象,分析了耦合振子间的同步演化过程.发现在弱耦合条件下,如果所有振子受到同一周期策动力的驱动,那么系统在经历倍周期分岔、混沌态、大尺度周期态的相变时,各振子的运动轨迹之间将出现由同步到不同步再到同步的两次突变现象.利用其中任何一次同步突变现象可以实现系统相变的快速判别,并由此补充了利用倍周期分岔与混沌态的这一相变对微弱周期信号进行检测的方法. 关键词： Duffing振子 同步突变 相变 微弱信号检测     

Weak guided wave signal detection using period jump of Duffing system

A potential risk in ultrasonic guided wave testing is that weak echo signals from small defects may be submerged in noisy signals, which will cause missed detection. To overcome this shortcoming, a weak guided wave signal detection method based on period jump of the Duffing system is proposed in this paper. The critical state of the system period jump can be obtained by analyzing the bifurcation characteristics of the Duffing system with the variation of the driving force amplitude. A weak ultrasonic guided wave signal with the same frequency as the driving force is added to the driving force. This is equivalent to changing the driving force amplitude, which causes the period state to jump. Consequently, the weak guided wave signals can be identified based on the period jumps. The increase or decrease in the driving force amplitude due to the interference of the guided wave signal depends on the phase difference between the intercepted signal and the periodic driving force. The conditions for increasing and decreasing the driving force amplitude are out of phase with each other.They have an approximate phase difference of π within the same period. Two detection models for small-scale periodic states(SPS) and large-scale periodic states(LPS) are constructed, and the effectiveness of the models in identifying the guided wave signal is verified numerically and experimentally. The anti-noise interference capabilities of the two models are also compared.The results show that the SPS detection model provides unique results and a strong anti-noise ability, and effectively improves the sensitivity of small defect detection using ultrasonic guided waves.     

基于强耦合Duffing振子的微弱脉冲信号检测与参数估计

耦合Duffing振子在检测强噪声中的微弱脉冲信号时具有可检测信噪比低等优点,但目前检测模型还存在系统性能与初始状态有关、只能工作在倍周期分岔状态等缺陷.为此本文构建了一种能克服上述缺点的新的微弱脉冲信号检测模型,通过对两个Duffing振子同时施加较大的恢复力和阻尼力耦合,可使振子间产生广义的"阱内失同步"现象,基于这种现象可实现微弱脉冲信号的检测与恢复.以信噪比改善和波形相似度为衡量指标,研究了周期策动力幅值与周期、耦合系数、计算步长、阻尼系数等参量对模型信号检测与波形恢复效果的影响.对方波、双指数脉冲和高斯导数脉冲进行检测和恢复的实验结果表明,本文所构建的模型能够在较低信噪比条件下有效地检测并恢复出高斯白噪声背景中的微弱脉冲信号,进而改善了现有的Duffing振子对非周期脉冲信号的检测能力并扩展了其应用领域.