2’,7’-二氯-5(6)-羧基荧光素的合成及其荧光性能研究

以偏苯三酸酐、4-氯间苯二酚为原料,在ZnCl2催化下反应得到2',7'-二氯-5(6)-羧基荧光素混合物,并用柱色谱进行异构体分离.对取代基团对其荧光性能影响的研究发现,顶环上引入氯使其最大荧光激发波长和荧光发射波长发生红移,荧光强度有所增加;底环上引入羧基,其Stokes位移和荧光量子产率略有降低,但该活性基团的引入将更有利于对生物体进行检测.由此表明,2',7'-二氯-5(6)-羧基荧光素有望用于荧光探针.     

水溶性吡啶萘酰亚胺-聚酰胺-胺荧光树形分子的合成、聚集诱导荧光增强及细胞成像

将具有聚集诱导荧光的4-(2-吡啶乙烯基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺单元通过酰胺化反应连接到聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形分子上,制备了一种水溶性吡啶萘酰亚胺-聚酰胺-胺荧光树形分子PN-PAMAM.结构经核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、红外及高分辨质谱表征.吡啶萘酰亚胺-聚酰胺-胺树形分子PN-PAMAM具有明显的聚集诱导荧光增强(AIEE)特性.在固体态时的最大荧光发射波长为532 nm,紫外灯下发出黄绿色荧光.在纯水中的最大荧光发射波长为494 nm,荧光量子产率为4.42%.在水含量为60%的水/四氢呋喃混合溶液中,其荧光强度达到最大,荧光发射波长为485 nm,荧光量子产率增大到17.54%.制备了一种负载聚集诱导荧光染料PN-PAMAM的二氧化硅纳米粒子PN-PAMAM/Si O_2,测得该纳米粒子的荧光发射波长为473 nm,粒径约为40 nm.测定了水溶液中树形分子PN-PAMAM与乳腺癌细胞MCF-7共同孵化后的共聚焦荧光成像,得到清晰的蓝场荧光照片.研究表明,吡啶萘酰亚胺-聚酰胺-胺树形分子PN-PAMAM是一种水溶性荧光分子,具有明显的聚集诱导荧光增强特性,可广泛应用于肿瘤定位、生物追踪及纳米材料等重要领域.     

含硫甲基的芴-苯结构化合物的合成、结构和性能

通过双Suzuki偶联反应一步合成了2种含硫甲基的芴-苯结构化合物2,7-二(4-硫甲基苯基)-9,9-二己基-芴(a)和2,7-二(2,6-二甲基-4-硫甲基苯基)-9,9-二己基-芴(b).紫外-可见和荧光光谱以及分子轨道理论计算表明,位阻较小的化合物a具有更好的共轭性能,其最大紫外-可见吸收波长达到351nm,比两端苯基含4个邻位取代基的化合物b红移了38nm;化合物a的最大荧光发射波长达到410nm,为典型的蓝光化合物,比化合物b红移了43nm.化合物a和b都具有较高的荧光量子产率,分别为59%和65%,在光电材料方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

2-甲氨基-5-(2-芳氧吡啶-3-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物的合成与荧光性质研究

设计合成了一系列未见文献报道的2-甲氨基-5-(2-芳氧吡啶-3-基)-1,3,4-噻二唑衍生物,其结构均经过1HNMR,IR和元素分析表征.测定了其荧光性能,结果显示此类化合物具有较好的荧光性,其荧光发射波长在384～390nm范围,最大荧光量子产率为0.12.     

一种红光发射三苯胺吡啶盐的合成及荧光探针性质

以双碘代芳醛4-[N,N-二(4-碘苯基)氨基]苯甲醛与4-乙烯基吡啶通过钯催化双位点Heck偶联反应制备了中间体TPAPy,TPAPy再与碘代十八烷反应得到吡啶盐衍生物TPAPyS.目标化合物的结构经过红外光谱、核磁共振谱、高分辨质谱确认,测定了吡啶盐TPAPyS在固态、水溶液中及乙醇/水混合溶液中的荧光光谱.吡啶盐TPAPyS在固体状态下发出暗红色荧光,荧光发射峰为654 nm,测得固体量子产率为3.83%.TPAPyS在水溶液中发出红色荧光,荧光发射峰为647 nm.在乙醇/水混合溶液中,化合物TPAPyS的荧光发射峰位于612~640 nm.测定了吡啶盐TPAPyS与牛血清蛋白(BSA)、胱氨酸(DCys)及半胱氨酸(Cys)在生理条件下的光谱行为,吡啶盐TPAPyS与BSA、氨基酸作用后荧光发射强度均增加.吡啶盐TPAPyS是一种可溶于水的红光发射材料,荧光发射峰位于近红外波段,可作为荧光探针用于牛血清蛋白和氨基酸的检测.     

N-苯甲酰胺基取代的双吲哚马来酰亚胺类化合物的合成与荧光性质研究

以琥珀酰亚胺为原料,经溴代、吲哚加成、与水合肼反应、酰基化和烷基化等反应,设计合成了6a～6c和7a～7b共5个新型N-苯甲酰胺基取代的双吲哚马来酰亚胺类化合物,其结构经IR,1H NMR和HRMS等进行了表征,并研究了该类化合物的紫外、荧光性能和热性质.研究表明,N-苯甲酰胺基取代的双吲哚马来酰亚胺类化合物的紫外吸收光谱在360～400和450～500 nm显示两个主要吸收峰,将N原子甲基化和苄基化后,紫外吸收峰波长发生红移.以化合物紫外最大吸收波长为激发波长,目标化合物的荧光发射光谱在560～620 nm有最大发射峰,7a有最大的荧光量子产率,7a在不同溶剂中随溶剂极性的增大,量子产率没有明显的变化规律,讨论了化合物的结构对荧光性能的影响.热学性质研究表明,化合物7a和7b的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)分别为116和80℃,目标化合物的分解温度接近400℃.     

可溶性的含羧基苝酰亚胺类化合物的合成及其光谱性质研究

本文主要以酐(1)为起始物,通过在环母体结构的1、6、7、12位上引入苯氧基和对甲基苯氧基合成了另外两种酐化合物(2a和2b);所得到的酐化合物与6-氨基已酸进行反应,合成了3种可溶性的含有羧基的酰亚胺化合物(3a、3b和3c),使用红外、紫外、荧光、¹H-NMR,元素分析对所合成的化合物进行了表征.经研究发现,环母体结构的1、6、7、12位上苯氧基和对甲基苯氧基的引入,能使得所合成的含羧基酰亚胺类化合物的最大吸收波长分别红移了44.1 nm和50.1 nm;Stokes位移变大,分别为34.1 nm和30.0 nm;而荧光量子产率有所降低但下降趋势不明显.     

新型N,O-配位吡啶氟硼化合物的合成及其光谱性质

以2-氨基吡啶衍生物为原料,通过简单而高效的两步反应合成了6个新型N,O-配位吡啶氟硼化合物2a~2f,其结构经~1H(~(13)C、~(19)F)NMR,ESI-MS,IR和X单晶衍射分析表征,并对其光谱性质进行实验和理论计算研究.结果表明,苯环(或吡啶环)上含给电子基的化合物2b,2c,2e,2f的最大吸收峰位于360~420 nm(λ_(abs)=368,400,365,418 nm),且具有较大的摩尔吸光系数(ε=28760,51980,25250,40750 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)).明显不同的是,苯环对位无取代基的化合物2a和含吸电子基的化合物2d的最大吸收峰分别为340和337 nm.同时,化合物2b,2c,2e,2f具有一定的溶剂效应,随着溶剂极性的增加,发射光谱红移且荧光强度降低,说明这些化合物中存在着一定的分子内电荷转移(ICT)效应.此外,实验结果和理论计算验证了化合物2b,2c,2e,2f中存在ICT,并揭示了取代基对化合物的光谱性质具有显著影响.希望通过这些研究可为进一步发展ICT-型荧光染料及其应用打下良好基础.     

新型含吲哚基噻唑烷硫酮化合物的合成及其光学性质

以吲哚-2-甲酸为起始原料,经酰氯化后在三乙胺作用下与2-噻唑硫酮经缩合反应合成了一种新的含吲哚基噻唑烷硫酮化合物(3),其结构和光学性质经UV-Vis, FL, ¹H NMR, IR和X-射线单晶衍射表征。结果表明：3的最大吸收波长位于315 nm;在312 nm波长激发下,3在正己烷中的最大发射波长位于401 nm,荧光量子产率为0.16;在305 nm波长激发下,3的固体荧光最大发射波长位于476 nm。     

含吡啶端基9,10-双芳基蒽共轭分子的合成、聚集诱导荧光增强及双光子诱导荧光

通过Heck反应合成了2个以吡啶为端基的9,10-双芳基蒽共轭分子9,10-二{4-{4-[N,N-二(4-吡啶乙烯基)苯基]氨基}苯乙烯基}蒽(4Py-PAA)和9,10-二{4-{4-[N,N-二(2-吡啶乙烯基)苯基]氨基}苯乙烯基}蒽(2Py-PAA),化合物结构经过1H NMR,13C NMR,HRMS-MALDI-TOF确证.测定了化合物在不同极性溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、荧光寿命及量子产率,测算了4Py-PAA和2Py-PAA的偶极矩.通过循环伏安法研究了它们的前线轨道能级.测定了4Py-PAA和2Py-PAA的固体荧光光谱、固体荧光量子产率及在不同含水量的水/THF混合溶液中的荧光光谱.实验发现4Py-PAA在THF溶液中发出蓝绿色荧光,固体时发出红色荧光,在含水量为70%的水/THF混合溶剂中发出黄色荧光,荧光强度是纯四氢呋喃(THF)的3倍,呈现聚集荧光增强性质.在800 nm飞秒激光下采用双光子诱导荧光参比法测定了4Py-PAA和2Py-PAA在THF溶液中的双光子吸收截面分别为193和101 GM.实验结果表明含有2位和4位吡啶端基9,10-双芳基蒽共轭分子具有良好的荧光发射性能及双光子吸收性质.     

Ring‐Shaped Silafluorene Derivatives as Efficient Solid‐State UV‐Fluorophores: Synthesis,Characterization, and Photoluminescent Properties

Four ring‐shaped silafluorene‐containing compounds ( 1 – 4 ) were synthesized and characterized as potentially promising monomers for fluorescent polymers. Their optical properties in solution and solid state (thin film and powder) were studied. These compounds have low quantum yields in solution (Φ_fl=0.13‐0.15) with fluorescence maxima at about 355 nm, but high quantum yields in the solid state (powder, Φ_fl=0.35‐0.54) with fluorescence maxima at about 377 and 488 nm. Influence of the substituents and the number of silafluorene units in 1 – 4 on their optical properties was investigated. Extensive study of the X‐ray crystal structures of 1 – 4 was undertaken to analyze and qualitatively estimate the role, extent, and influence of silafluorene moieties’ interactions on solid‐state fluorescent properties. Excited state UV/Vis and theoretical molecular orbital (MO) calculations were performed to explore possible fluorescence mechanisms and differences in quantum yields among these compounds.     

8-(p-CF3-cinnamyl)-modified purine nucleosides as promising fluorescent probes

Natural nucleotides are not useful as fluorescent probes because of their low quantum yields. Therefore, a common methodology for the detection of RNA and DNA is the application of extrinsic fluorescent dyes coupled to bases in oligonucleotides. To overcome the many limitations from which fluorescent nucleotide-dye conjugates suffer, we have developed novel purine nucleosides with intrinsic fluorescence to be incorporated into oligonucleotide probes. For this purpose we synthesized adenosine and guanosine fluorescent analogues 7-25, conjugated at the C8 position with aryl/heteroaryl moieties either directly, or via alkenyl/alkynyl linkers. Directly conjugated analogues 7-14, exhibited high quantum yields, φ >0.1, and short λ(em) (<385 nm). Alkynyl conjugated analogues 22-25, exhibited low quantum yields, φ <0.075, and λ(em)<385 nm. The alkenyl conjugated analogues 15-21, exhibited λ(em) 408-459 nm. While analogues 15,16, and 20 bearing an EDG on the aryl moiety, exhibited φ <0.02, analogues 17, and 21 with EWG on the aryl moiety, exhibited extremely high quantum yields, φ ≈ 0.8, suggesting better intramolecular charge transfer. We determined the conformation of selected adenosine analogues. Directly conjugated analogue 8 and alkynyl conjugated analogue 22, adapted the syn conformation, whereas alkenyl conjugated analogue 15 adapted the anti conformation. Based on the long emission wavelengths, high quantum yields, anti conformation and base-paring compatibility, we suggest analogues 17 and 21 for further development as fluorescent probes for the sensitive detection of genetic material.     

Environment-sensitive fluorophores with benzothiadiazole and benzoselenadiazole structures as candidate components of a fluorescent polymeric thermometer

An environment-sensitive fluorophore can change its maximum emission wavelength (λ(em)), fluorescence quantum yield (Φ(f)), and fluorescence lifetime in response to the surrounding environment. We have developed two new intramolecular charge-transfer-type environment-sensitive fluorophores, DBThD-IA and DBSeD-IA, in which the oxygen atom of a well-established 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole environment-sensitive fluorophore, DBD-IA, has been replaced by a sulfur and selenium atom, respectively. DBThD-IA is highly fluorescent in n-hexane (Φ(f) =0.81, λ(em) =537?nm) with excitation at 449?nm, but is almost nonfluorescent in water (Φ(f) =0.037, λ(em) =616?nm), similarly to DBD-IA (Φ(f) =0.91, λ(em) =520?nm in n-hexane; Φ(f) =0.027, λ(em) =616?nm in water). A similar variation in fluorescence properties was also observed for DBSeD-IA (Φ(f) =0.24, λ(em) =591?nm in n-hexane; Φ(f) =0.0046, λ(em) =672?nm in water). An intensive study of the solvent effects on the fluorescence properties of these fluorophores revealed that both the polarity of the environment and hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules accelerate the nonradiative relaxation of the excited fluorophores. Time-resolved optoacoustic and phosphorescence measurements clarified that both intersystem crossing and internal conversion are involved in the nonradiative relaxation processes of DBThD-IA and DBSeD-IA. In addition, DBThD-IA exhibits a 10-fold higher photostability in aqueous solution than the original fluorophore DBD-IA, which allowed us to create a new robust molecular nanogel thermometer for intracellular thermometry.     

硅掺杂碳量子点荧光猝灭法测定水样中铜(Ⅱ)

3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)与戊二醛(GA)混合前驱物合成的硅掺杂碳量子点(SDCQDs),其最大吸收、激发和发射波长分别为259,245,395 nm,量子产率为13.60%,XPS谱图表明碳量子点掺杂Si,且富含甲亚胺基团和硅氧键。Cu~(2+)对碳量子点荧光产生猝灭作用,依据Cu~(2+)浓度与碳量子点荧光强度猝灭率的相关性,建立碳量子点荧光探针测定水样中Cu~(2+)的分析方法,其它金属离子对Cu~(2+)干扰程度较小,回收率为91.4%~100.8%,检出限为0.13μmol/L,相对标准偏差为0.20%~0.92%。     

Red-emitting dyes with photophysical and photochemical properties controlled by pH

New unsymmetrical zinc azaphthalocyanines, bearing one substituted aniline as a peripheral substituent, were prepared by using a statistical condensation approach. Both fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields were extremely low in DMF (Φ(F)<0.01, Φ(Δ)<0.02, respectively), but increased after the addition of sulfuric acid, reaching values comparable to controls without aniline substituents (Φ(F)=0.22-0.29, Φ(Δ)=0.40-0.59, respectively). This behavior was attributed to the deactivation of excited states by intramolecular charge transfer from a donor site (aniline), which was blocked after protonation in acidic media. In the protonated form, all of the compounds efficiently emitted light with λ(em) in the region of 662-675 nm. The investigated compounds were anchored to dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) unilamellar vesicles and showed response to buffer pH. They were highly fluorescent at low pH values and almost nonfluorescent in neutral solutions. The pK(a) values were determined in DOPC vesicles and ranged between 2.2 and 4.2.     

荧光光谱法研究PS分子链在不同溶剂中的荧光特性

利用荧光光谱法研究了溶剂和浓度对聚苯乙烯（PS）荧光特性的影响. 研究表明,PS在四氢呋喃溶液中的荧光发射波长为345 nm,其荧光强度达到最大时的饱和浓度为0.1 mg/mL;PS在甲苯溶液中的荧光发射波长为310 nm,其荧光强度达到最大时的饱和浓度为0.075 mg/mL. 造成这种现象的原因在于:四氢呋喃不具荧光性,不与PS分子链中的苯环发生相互作用,而甲苯溶剂自身具有苯环结构,PS和甲苯生色团荧光频率接近,同时PS分子链上苯环与甲苯上的苯环的间距非常小,相邻苯环上的π电子可以互相重叠,形成T型构造的苯环二聚体,使体系的荧光发射峰蓝移至310 nm. 另外,随着PS在溶液中浓度的增大,开始呈线性增加,当浓度大于饱和浓度C*后,随后其荧光强度呈现非线性下降,这主要是PS在溶剂中形成了二聚体.     

First Approach to Nitrogen‐Containing Fused Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Targets for Organoelectronics Utilizing a New Transformation of O‐Protected Diaryl Methanols

A new concise approach for the construction of heteroatom analogues of polycyclic aromatic benzo[g]quinoline, benzo[b]carbazole, and pyrido[b]carbazole systems via diaryl methanols is described. This transformation involves formation of a central benzene ring fused to two aromatic 5‐ or 6‐membered rings of pyrrole and/or pyridine by using a combination of two aromatic aldehydes, of which at least one contains a ring nitrogen. Analysis of the UV and fluorescent properties, Stokes shifts, quantum yields in solution, and π‐stacking interactions in the crystal structures of the new materials was performed. These polycyclic aromatic compounds show potential as small‐molecule organoelectronic materials.     

The effect of addition of fluorescent moieties to dihydropyrenes: enhancing photochromicity and fluorescence monitoring

A series of dihydropyrenes with appending fluorescent moieties were synthesized with the objective of increasing the photochromic efficiency for this class of compounds and to establish how suitable fluorescence would be to follow their photochromic behavior. The ring opening quantum yields of dihydropyrenes with aroyl substituents at the 4-position showed increased ring opening quantum yields without a decrease of the half-life for the thermal reversion of the less stable open isomer, the metacyclophanediene to the dihydropyrene. The fluorescence of the appending naphthoyl or pyrenoyl moieties was not suitable to follow the photochromic cycling of the dihydropyrenes. However, the emission detected above 600 nm of the closed isomer of the dihydropyrene moiety was shown to be a good monitoring method for the photochromic cycling.     

The multicomponent reaction of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine carbenes with phthalaldehydes and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate: a facile construction of benzo[d]furo[3,2-b]azepines

A study on the multicomponent reaction comprising both N-heterocyclic carbenes and substituted phthalaldehydes is reported. The imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine carbenes, namely imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-ylidenes, reacted with phthalaldehydes and DMAD under very mild conditions to produce novel fused tricyclic benzo[d]furo[3,2-b]azepine derivatives. The resulting fused heterocyclic compounds are fluorescent and they give an emission around 500 nm with quantum yields (Φ(F)) being up to 0.81. This study provides not only a unique approach to fused azepine derivatives that are not easily accessible by other methods, but also opens a new avenue to complicated molecular skeletons. The fluorescence properties of long emission wavelength and high fluorescence quantum yields of some products predict their potential applications as optical sensors.     

一种新型快速检测半胱氨酸的荧光探针EI北大核心CSCD

基于三苯胺母体的强供电子能力,设计合成了一种共轭性良好的新型半胱氨酸(Cys)荧光探针。采用荧光光谱法和紫外-可见光谱法研究了目标探针T-Probe对半胱氨酸(Cys)的光谱响应。结果表明:目标探针分子与Cys作用后,荧光发射波长有约20 nm红移,荧光强度发生明显的增强,在365 nm紫外灯下,溶液由青色变为蓝色;探针分子选择性识别Cys的检测限为98.4 nmol/L,且灵敏度较高。