Design of multi-channel optical code-division multiple-access encoders and decoders based on sampled fiber Bragg gratings

An encoding/decoding scheme of multi-channel optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) system using sampled fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) is proposed and numerically investigated. A multiple-phase-shift (MPS) technique based SFBG is first developed as a dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) device to accommodated multiple channels. The OCDMA scheme is achieved through phase coding/encoding on each individual channel of the SFBG and the auto correlative ratio for each user is larger than 14.3 dB. The whole system exhibits enhanced performance in terms of the capacity and security since the OCDMA technique is simultaneously implemented for all channels using the single SFBG.     

Fast generating W state of three superconducting qubits via Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants

We propose a scheme for a fast generating three-qubit W state in a superconducting system by using a technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity, Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants. Three identical superconducting qubits(SQs) are connected by two coplanar waveguide resonators(CPWRs) capacitively. Under a certain limit condition, we convert the complicated SQ system into a simple three-state system. By designing experimentally accessible harmonic pulses, a three-SQ W state is implemented with quite short operation time and high fidelity. Numerical simulations prove that the scheme is robust against the parameter deviation. In addition, we also give detailed discussion about the scheme robustness against decoherence.     

Optical binary logic gate-based modified signed-digit arithmetic

A new design approach for a three-step modified signed-digit (MSD) adder is presented that can be optically implemented using binary logic gates. The proposed scheme depends on encoding each MSD digits into a pair of binary digits using a two-state and multi-position encoding scheme. The proposed design algorithm depends on constructing the addition truth table of binary-coded MSD numbers and then using Karnaugh map to achieve output minimization. The optical binary logic gates are obtained by simply programming the decoding masks of a shadow-casting-based optical logic gate system. The proposed scheme results in a simple, compact, and efficient optical binary gate-based parallel addition system.     

互换式幅度相消定位方案性能分析

用解析模型详细、深入的分析了更接近实际的非理想情况下新的幅度相消定位方案(互换式幅度相消定位)的性能：分析了探测系统的分辨率和灵敏度有限及非完全交换时交换式幅度相消定位方案的定位性能；讨论了非完全交换时系统参量和异质子参量对其定位能力的影响。结果表明：新方法可减小相对幅度和相位及异质子参量对系统的影响，明显地提高定位精度，探测到尺度和吸收系数更小、深度更深的异质子。     

Harmonic oscillator Wigner function extension to exceptional polynomials

Continuous energy supply is critical and important to support oscillating behaviour; otherwise, the oscillator will die. For nonlinear and chaotic circuits, enough energy supply is also important to keep electric devices working. In this paper, Hamilton energy is calculated for dimensionless dynamical system (e.g., the chaotic Lorenz system) using Helmholtz’s theorem. The Hamilton energy is considered as a new variable and then the dynamical system is controlled by using the scheme of energy feedback. It is found that chaos can be suppressed even when intermittent feedback scheme is applied. This scheme is effective to control chaos and to stabilise other dynamical systems.     

Photonic aided vector millimeter-wave signal generation without digital-to-analog converter

A novel scheme of photonic aided vector millimeter-wave(mm-wave)signal generation without a digital-to-analog converter(DAC)is proposed.Based on our scheme,a 20 Gb/s 4-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(4-QAM)mm-wave signal is generated without using a DAC.The experiment results demonstrate that the bit error rate(BER)of 20 Gb/s 4-QAM mmwave signal can reach below the hard-decision forward-error-correction threshold after a delivery over 1 m wireless distance.Because the DAC is not required,it can reduce the system cost.Besides,by using photonic technology,the system is easily integrated to create large-scale production and application in high-speed optical communication.     

Photonic analog-to-digital conversion using multiple comparators and Mach-Zehnder modulators with identical half-wave voltages

A novel photonic analog-to-digital conversion scheme using Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) with identical half-wave voltages and multiple comparators with improved bit resolution is proposed and demonstrated. Compared with the scheme using MZMs with geometrically scaled half-wave voltages, the proposed scheme has the advantage of using MZMs with identical half-wave voltages which simplify significantly the implementation. The bit resolution is improved based on the use of multiple comparators in each MZM channel, with the digital coding realized based on the symmetrical number system theory. A proof-of-concept experiment is implemented. An analog-to-digital converter with a 4-bit resolution using two MZMs and nine comparators is demonstrated.     

An adaptive implicit–explicit scheme for the DNS and LES of compressible flows on unstructured grids

An adaptive implicit–explicit scheme for Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of compressible turbulent flows on unstructured grids is developed. The method uses a node-based finite-volume discretization with Summation-by-Parts (SBP) property, which, in conjunction with Simultaneous Approximation Terms (SAT) for imposing boundary conditions, leads to a linearly stable semi-discrete scheme. The solution is marched in time using an Implicit–Explicit Runge–Kutta (IMEX-RK) time-advancement scheme. A novel adaptive algorithm for splitting the system into implicit and explicit sets is developed. The method is validated using several canonical laminar and turbulent flows. Load balance for the new scheme is achieved by a dual-constraint, domain decomposition algorithm. The scalability and computational efficiency of the method is investigated, and memory savings compared with a fully implicit method is demonstrated. A notable reduction of computational costs compared to both fully implicit and fully explicit schemes is observed.     

A high-fidelity memory scheme for quantum data buses

A novel quantum memory scheme is proposed for quantum data buses in scalable quantum computers by using adjustable interaction. Our investigation focuses on a hybrid quantum system including coupled flux qubits and a nitrogen–vacancy center ensemble. In our scheme, the transmission and storage(retrieval) of quantum state are performed in two separated steps, which can be controlled by adjusting the coupling strength between the computing unit and the quantum memory. The scheme can be used not only to reduce the time of quantum state transmission, but also to increase the robustness of the system with respect to detuning caused by magnetic noises. In comparison with the previous memory scheme, about 80% of the transmission time is saved. Moreover, it is exemplified that in our scheme the fidelity could achieve 0.99 even when there exists detuning, while the one in the previous scheme is 0.75.     

Finite volume TVD formulation of lattice Boltzmann simulation on unstructured mesh

A numerical scheme is presented for accurate simulation of fluid flow using the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) on unstructured mesh. A finite volume approach is adopted to discretize the LBE on a cell-centered, arbitrary shaped, triangular tessellation. The formulation includes a formal, second order discretization using a Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme for the terms representing advection of the distribution function in physical space, due to microscopic particle motion. The advantage of the LBE approach is exploited by implementing the scheme in a new computer code to run on a parallel computing system. Performance of the new formulation is systematically investigated by simulating four benchmark flows of increasing complexity, namely (1) flow in a plane channel, (2) unsteady Couette flow, (3) flow caused by a moving lid over a 2D square cavity and (4) flow over a circular cylinder. For each of these flows, the present scheme is validated with the results from Navier–Stokes computations as well as lattice Boltzmann simulations on regular mesh. It is shown that the scheme is robust and accurate for the different test problems studied.     

One-Step Realization of SWAP Gate with Superconducting Quantum-Interference Devices and Atoms in Cavity QED

We put forward a simple scheme for one-step realization of a two-qubit SWAP gate with SQUIDs (superconducting quantum-interference devices) in cavity QED via Raman transition. In this scheme, the cavity field is only virtually excited and thus the cavity decay is suppressed. The SWAP gate is realized by using only two lower flux states of the SQUID system and the excited state would not be excited. Therefore, the effect of decoherence caused from the levels of the SQUID system is possibly minimized. The scheme can also be used to implement the SWAP gate with atoms.     

Anti-Disturbance Compensation-Based Nonlinear Control for a Class of MIMO Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

Multi-Inputs-Multi-Outputs (MIMO) systems are recognized mainly in industrial applications with both input and state couplings, and uncertainties. The essential principle to deal with such difficulties is to eliminate the input couplings, then estimate the remaining issues in real-time, followed by an elimination process from the input channels. These difficulties are resolved in this research paper, where a decentralized control scheme is suggested using an Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control (IADRC) configuration. A theoretical analysis using a state-space eigenvalue test followed by numerical simulations on a general uncertain nonlinear highly coupled MIMO system validated the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in controlling such MIMO systems. Time-domain comparisons with the Conventional Active Disturbance Rejection Control (CADRC)-based decentralizing control scheme are also included.     

Minimizing performance loss of MMSE algorithm for CDMA-based O-MIMO-OFDM

This paper presents an algorithm to minimize the performance loss (PL) of minimum mean square error (MMSE) in code division multiple access (CDMA) based optical multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-MIMO-OFDM) systems over 1200 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF). The performance of the system using proposed algorithm scheme is compared to MMSE scheme by simulation results. It shows the superior performance of proposed algorithm.     

Comments on “Color image encryption using Choquet fuzzy integral and hyper chaotic system”

An image encryption system whose cipher code stream only controlled by the secret key, but has nothing to do with the plaintext, is vulnerable to chosen plaintext attacks. Recently, an image encryption scheme using Choquet fuzzy integral and hyper chaotic Lorenz system has been proposed Liu et al. (2013), which employed plaintext-independent cipher code stream, then should be subjected to chosen plaintext attack. This paper cryptanalyzed the aforesaid encryption scheme using chosen plaintext attack, and pointed out that even if possessing good pseudorandom cipher code generation method, the encryption system is still insecure with unreasonable designed encryption scheme.     

Generation of four-atom cluster states in thermal cavity and implementing remote controlled not gate

We propose an experimentally feasible scheme for preparing a four-atom cluster state in a thermal cavity. In the scheme, the cavity field is only virtually excited and the photon-number-dependent part in the effective Hamiltonian is cancelled so that the system is insensitive to the cavity decay and the thermal field. At the same time, the scheme can be generalized to prepare n-atom cluster states with the success probability 100\%. In addition, using the four-atom cluster state, we also propose a simpler scheme for implementing a remote--controlled not gate (CNOT) without the Bell states measurement.     

Quantum controlled phase gate and cluster states generation via two superconducting quantum interference devices in a cavity

A scheme for implementing 2-qubit quantum controlled phase gate (QCPG) is proposed with two superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) in a cavity. The gate operations are realized within the two lower flux states of the SQUIDs by using a quantized cavity field and classical microwave pulses. Our scheme is achieved without any type of measurement, does not use the cavity mode as the data bus and only requires a very short resonant interaction of the SQUID-cavity system. As an application of the QCPG operation, we also propose a scheme for generating the cluster states of many SQUIDs.     

Conservation Quantities of the Explicit Symplectic Scheme for Time-evolution of Quantum System

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Image encryption using fractional Mellin transform,structured phase filters,and phase retrieval

An image encryption scheme has been presented by using two structured phase masks in the fractional Mellin transform (FrMT) plane of a system, employing a phase retrieval technique. Since FrMT is a non-linear integral transform, its use enhances the system security. We also add further security features by carrying out spatial filtering in the frequency domain by using a combination of two phase masks: a toroidal zone plate (TZP) and a radial Hilbert mask (RHM). These masks together increase the key space making the system more secure. The phase key used in decryption has been obtained by applying an iterative phase retrieval algorithm based on the fractional Fourier transform. The algorithm uses amplitude constraints of secret target image and the ciphertext (encrypted image) obtained from multiplication of fractional Mellin transformed arbitrary input image and the two phase masks (TZP and RHM). The proposed encryption scheme has been validated for a few grayscale images, by numerical simulations. The efficacy of the scheme has been evaluated by computing mean-squared-error (MSE) between the secret target image and the decrypted image. The sensitivity analysis of the decryption process to variations in various encryption parameters has also been carried out.     

Signal processing scheme for central position identification in a white-light interferometric system with a dual wavelength source

A signal processing scheme using a curve fitting algorithm to determine the central position of the digitized fringe pattern output of a white light interferometric (WLI) system is discussed. An analytic result for the resolution obtained in the central fringe position measurement using a specific curve fitting scheme has been given and a simulation of the measurement of the central position of a computer generated fringe pattern has been carried out. The results from the simulation show good agreement with those from the theoretical analysis. A supporting experiment to investigate this effect has also been carried out and the short term repeatability of the central position measurement using the curve fitting scheme gives close agreement with the theoretical results.     

Deep-BiGRU based channel estimation scheme for MIMO–FBMC systems

Deep Learning (DL)–based wireless communication systems have the potential to improve the conventional functions and current architecture of communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel DL-based channel estimation scheme for multiple-input multiple-output filter bank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (MIMO-FBMC/OQAM) systems called deep bidirectional gated-recurrent unit (BiGRU) scheme. This scheme can easily be applied to a single-input single-output (SISO) system. The proposed scheme is divided into two stages: offline and online. The network is first trained in the offline stage. The prediction of channel information and estimation of the channel matrix using the trained network is then performed in the online stage. The simulation results in terms of the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and bit error rate (BER) demonstrate that, under different time-varying channel models, the proposed DL scheme significantly improves the channel estimation performance of FBMC for single and multiple antennas compared to conventional interference approximation method (IAM) channel estimation methods.