K对Ru/Sep负载型氨合成催化剂性能的影响

用水溶液浸渍法制备了海泡石负载钌基氨合成催化剂，研究了钾助剂对催化剂性能的影响。通过N2物理吸附、H2化学吸附、SEM、XRD和XPS等手段表征了钾对催化剂比表面积、孔容、金属分散度、载体热稳定性能和电子效应等的影响。实验结果表明，钾助剂对海泡石负载钌基氨合成催化剂性能有较大的影响，加入适量的钾可抑制催化剂比表面积和孔容的降低，提高其热稳定性能，钌金属分散度随着K／Ru摩尔比的增加而增大，XPS表征结果表明，有电子从助剂向钌转移，随着钾含量的提高，电子结合能逐渐减小，至K／Ru摩尔比为10时最小，对催化剂活性评价结果表明，催化活性与催化剂电子授予能力有很好的一致性关系。     

氯化钌氨作前驱体制备高活性的氨合成催化剂

以氯化钌和水合肼反应制备了新型的氧化钌氨前驱体Ru(NH3)5Cl3.透射电镜和CO化学吸附结果表明,由Ru(NH3)5Cl3前驱体制备的活性炭(AC)负载的RuN/AC催化剂中.钌纳米粒子分散度高,粒径分布均匀.与以氯化钌为前驱体制备的Ru/AC催化剂相比,RuN/AC催化剂具有更高的氨合成活性,在10 MPa和10 000 h-1条件下活性增幅超过10%.     

沉淀方式对氧化还原共沉淀制备Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂结构与性能的影响

采用氧化还原共沉淀法制备了Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂,并运用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、CO吸附和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对其进行了表征,考察了沉淀时反应液的并流、反加、正加对所制备的Ru/CeO2催化剂氨合成性能的影响.结果表明,不同沉淀方式所得到的催化剂,催化剂的表面织构和金属钌的分散度都存在明显的差别,最终影响了催化剂的氨合成活性,其中采用反加法制备的催化剂上钌的分散度(45.6%)和还原性最好,比表面积最大(120 m2/g),因而催化活性最高,在10 MPa,10000 h?1,425℃反应时,出口NH3浓度达到12.6%.     

制备方法对Ru/CeO2催化剂结构和性能的影响

以K2RuO4和Ce(NO3)3为原料,利用物质的氧化还原特性制备了Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂,并运用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、FE-SEM、CO吸附和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对其进行了表征,考察了还原剂和制备方法对所制备的Ru/CeO2氨合成催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明由自身氧化还原法制备的催化剂,其比表面积最大,达到了120 m2.g-1,钌分散度最高,为45.6%,且催化剂活性最高,在10 MPa,10000 h-1,425℃反应时,出口氨浓度达到了12.6%。     

Ba、K促进的活性炭负载钌基氨合成催化剂的活化过程

采用TPR-MS技术研究了Ba(NO3)2/AC(AC:活性炭)、KNO3/AC和Ba-Ru-KNO3/AC在H2中的还原情况。实验结果表明,KNO3/AC和Ba(NO3)2/AC分别在400℃和350℃发生还原,生成N2O和N2两种较高价态的还原产物,且助剂的还原不完全。与Ba(NO3)2/AC和KNO3/AC相比,Ba-Ru-KNO3/AC催化剂在加入活性物质钌的情况下,不仅使助剂的还原温度显著降低,而且反应的主要产物也发生了变化,大部分的硝酸根离子被彻底还原成NH3。这可能是由于Ru的存在使氢发生溢流现象,氢活化能力增强,使催化剂表面富含还原所需活化氢物种,导致助剂在较低的温度下被彻底还原。由于Ru的催化作用,载体的甲烷化温度明显降低。提高还原温度虽然对催化剂中氯离子的脱除有利,但同时也会使钌晶粒长大烧结,抑制氨合成的活性。实验结果表明,在制备钌催化剂时,还原除氯的适宜温度为200℃左右。     

掺钡纳米氧化镁负载钌基氨合成催化剂的还原性能及其机理

采用超声共沉淀法制备了掺钡纳米氧化镁负载的钌基氨合成催化剂Ru/Ba-MgO和Ru/La-Ba-MgO.催化剂中Ba是以BaCO3的形式存在于MgO载体中,使用时需还原活化为BaO.采朋升温-恒温-升温阶梯式的还原程序考察了还原条件对催化剂还原性能及催化性能的影响,并利用透射电镜、X射线衍射、H2脉冲化学吸附、热重及程序升温还原等分析手段,对催化剂在氢气气氛中的还原机理进行了探讨.结果表明,催化剂中BaCO3的热稳定性及Ru粒子是否聚结长大是影响催化剂活性的主要因素.在氢气气氛中,Ru/Ba-MgO催化剂的还原过程存在偶合反应,Ru的存在可加速该偶合反应的进行,进而促进催化剂还原,提高其催化活性.     

柠檬酸对Ru/AC氨合成催化剂结构和活性的影响

使用柠檬酸(CA)修饰石墨化活性炭(AC)和钌以改善Ru/AC催化剂中钌粒子的尺寸分布和催化剂的活性, 并通过透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)、CO化学吸附和N2物理吸附等方法研究了柠檬酸对AC和Ru/AC催化剂织构、钌的分散度和催化剂的活性等性质的影响. 结果表明, 负载的柠檬酸优先吸附于活性炭微孔, 少量柠檬酸即可大幅度降低活性炭的比表面积, 增加活性炭表面含氧官能团的数量, 改善了钌粒子分布. 最佳负载顺序是柠檬酸和氯化钌依次负载. 在活性炭中添加适量的柠檬酸对催化剂的低温活性有显著影响. 柠檬酸处理后的Ru/AC催化剂活性最大提高幅度为21.4%.     

泡沫铝负载钌基催化剂应用于N2O的低温催化分解研究

将导热性能良好的泡沫铝作为载体,羰基钌为前驱体制备了一系列不同形态的钌基催化剂应用于N2O的低温催化分解研究.采用XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、BET、H2-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征,于石英管固定床反应器上对催化剂性能进行了评价.重点考察了泡沫铝作为催化剂载体的可行性、载体的处理方法对催化剂活性的影响以及RuO2、Ru、Ru3(CO)12所表现出的活性差异.结果表明:泡沫铝作为催化剂载体,能够促进N2O的催化分解;泡沫铝经H2O2处理有利于提高其对活性中心的附着力,提高催化活性;N2O浓度为1%,Ru负载量为0.3%,活性中心分别为Ru3(CO)12、Ru、RuO2时,N2O完全转化温度依次为285、380和415℃;活性较高的Ru3(CO)12/泡沫铝催化剂在长时间作用后活性组分转变为RuO2.     

溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备聚合物固载Co-Ag催化剂Ⅲ.聚合物比表面积对催化性能的影响

应用溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备了四种不同比表面积树脂固载的Co-Ag双金属催化剂.X射线衍射(XRD)和磁测定结果表明,随着树脂比表面积的增大,具有相同金属含量的催化剂Co和Ag的颗粒减小,分散度增大,因而催化剂在二丙酮醇加氢以及燃料电池电极上氧还原的催化活性增大.     

共浸渍制备高效的Ru/AC氨合成催化剂

通过钌的络合物前驱体和硝酸钡的共浸渍制备的Ru Ba K/AC催化剂氨合成转化效率高,其氨合成转化频率在0.87～1.30 s-1之间,与氯化钌制备的Ru/AC催化剂相比,其转化频率提高幅度在26%～88%。共浸渍法制备的催化剂氨合成转化效率高,其主要原因可能是共浸渍法制备的催化剂钌粒子粒径分布区间较窄,易形成更多的活性位;钌表面氢的吸附受到抑制,氮更易活化,因而催化效率更高。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.