放射性束弹性散射实验中的一种位置校准方法

在弹性散射实验中,探测器的位置校准是非常重要的。结合兰州放射性束流线(RIBLL)的实际情况,以低能轻炮弹在重靶上的弹性散射截面在前角区为卢瑟福散射的事实为依据,发展了一种简单而有效的位置校准方法。通过蒙特卡洛模拟来检测弹性散射角分布与不同方向上位置未校准时的依赖关系。该方法成功地应用在~7Be与重靶的弹性散射实验中,得到了正确的微分截面角分布。     

Beam Hardening Correction Base on Monte Carlo Simulation Method

For the empirical beam hardening correction in computerized tomography (CT), it is necessary to measure an attenuation curve for the material. The attenuation curve depends on the X ray machine operation parameters and object material, etc. If any measuring condition changes, a new attenuation curve has to be measured. This approach is time consuming and difficult to implement. A new method of beam hardening correction is presented in this paper, which is based on Monte Carlo simulation of the attenuation characteristic. An aluminium object is scanned and the projection data is corrected by the empirical beam hardening correction and by the simulation based correction. The results of the reconstructed images confirm the correctness of the simulation based method. The simulation based correction has been applied successfully to CT projection data of several test samples, with the material of aluminum, steel and copper.     

基于蒙特卡罗模拟的射束硬化校正方法

传统的射束硬化校正方法, 通常需要针对每一种材料测量该材料对射线的吸收曲线. 由于吸收曲线对实验条件有很大的依赖性, 每当改变X光机电压或者被测工件的材料等条件时,需要重新测量吸收曲线才能完成硬化校正过程. 这种方法费事费时. 本文提出了基于蒙特卡罗模拟计算物质吸收曲线的硬化校正方法. 实验中, 分别用本方法和传统的硬化校正方法对铝工件进行硬化校正, 经过比较, 确认本方法是有效的. 然后用该方法对不同材料(铝、铁和铜)的工件进行校正. 实验结果表明, 本方法能有效消除各种材料工件图像中的硬化伪影, 是快速的和切实可行的.     

A Monte Carlo approach for the calculation of polarized light: application to an incident narrow beam

Monte Carlo approaches to compute multiple scattering of polarized light are examined. A Backward Monte Carlo (BMC) method is developed to solve the Stokes vector of the multiple scattered light for an inhomogeneous scattering medium with boundaries. A generalized form of the BMC method in vector notation is proposed. This method can determine the scattered light with sufficient accuracy in both intensity and polarization compared to the same calculation using the doubling-adding method for a plane parallel medium.For application to a narrow incident beam and an inhomogeneous medium, a modified BMC method is developed, borrowing a concept from the Forward Monte Carlo (FMC) method for the first scattering events. Furthermore, a modification of the total scattering matrix, i.e., the combination of the derived scattering matrix with its time inverse, is discussed. This BMC method can be used successfully for model calculations of lidar and other laser measurements of polarized light.     

Mega-Electron-Volt Electron Scattering and Radiography of Plasma

A Monte Carlo code is developed to study mega-electron-volt(MeV) electron scattering and transport in plasma based on multiple scattering.A scaling law relating the angular width of a scattered beam to the incident electron energy and the areal density of plasma is found,which may provide a method of MeV electron radiography for diagnosing the areal density of high-temperature,dense plasma under fusion conditions.The study on the MeV electron beam radiography also shows that plasma density interfaces could be discriminated by electron scattering.     

粗糙海面对高斯分布激光光束的反射模型推导

研究激光光束海面反射光强的方向分布特性对海上光电对抗等领域的工程实践具有重要意义.本文采用分形方法模拟粗糙海面,并在海面基准坐标系中建立起描述粗糙海面几何特征的数学方程,然后基于蒙特卡罗方法模拟高斯光束,依据几何光学原理在基准坐标系下推导了高斯光束的海面反射模型,采用该模型可以编程计算激光光束海面反射光强的方向分布.将模拟计算结果与实验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明该模型可以较好地反映激光光束海面反射光强的分布趋势,验证了模型的有效性.     

An application of the Monte Carlo method to determine an active volume of a semiconductor detector

A Monte Carlo model of scattering and absorption events of a gamma-ray in a finite detector is presented. For the effect of a finite detector to be included, energy spectra of scattered electrons are calculated using random sampling technique. This makes possible the accurate calculation of an active volume of a given semiconductor detector.     

Analysis of light propagation in highly scattering media by path-length-assigned Monte Carlo simulations

Numerical analysis of optical propagation in highly scattering media is investigated when light is normally incident to the surface and re-emerges backward from the same point. This situation corresponds to practical light scattering setups, such as in optical coherence tomography. The simulation uses the path-length-assigned Monte Carlo method based on an ellipsoidal algorithm. The spatial distribution of the scattered light is determined and the dependence of its width and penetration depth on the path-length is found. The backscattered light is classified into three types, in which ballistic, snake, and diffuse photons are dominant.     

非视线紫外光信号传输时间特性的数值模拟

在研究紫外光学非视线通信技术中,需要深入了解由于紫外大气散射效应所带来的各种信号畸变.传统的单次散射近似方法在进行较远距离、复杂天气条件下非视线光传输模拟时误差很大,采用基于Monte Carlo(MC)方法改进算法进行非视线紫外光信号传输的数值模拟,通过随机抽样的方法模拟光子在大气系统中的随机游动,在光子被大气中的粒子散射时计算其进入探测器的概率,模拟大气系统的脉冲响应函数.模拟结果表明:采用光子散射探测概率方法改进后的MC模型在模拟非视线光信号传输时计算效率显著提高;大气系统对非视线传输时的紫外光脉冲具有很强的展宽效应;随着光信号传输距离的增大,信号强度呈近似指数衰减的趋势.     

激光相干层析成像的光散射模拟计算

利用低相干光作为光源的光学相干层析技术是一种新型成像技术。本文利用蒙特－卡罗（Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ）模拟计算方法研究了该技术在不同的散射条件下,相干调制信号随散射系数的变化关系,得出了单次散射和多次散射的差别以及它对成像质量的影响,并进一步讨论了利用单次散射和多次散射信号,提高光学相干层析术图像清晰度和信号强度的方法。还研究了光束半径大小对成像分辨率的影响及变化过程,得出了对实验有指导意义的结果     

光学相干层析信号的模拟分析与计算

对传统的模拟介质散射响应函数的蒙特卡罗算法的计算过程进行了改进，提出光子不可分割的假设，这样可以避免人为选定光子被吸收阈值的不确定性；同时采用双曲线法模拟入射高斯光束，解决了对表面为非平面介质的传输信号进行模拟的问题.通过对盖玻片（平面）与眼角膜（曲面）的光学相干层析探测信号及层析图的数值模拟，并与相应实验结果进行比较，证实了该方法与假设的可行性. 关键词： 光学相干层析 蒙特卡罗法模拟 散射     

Simulation of 12C+12C elastic scattering at high energy by using the Monte Carlo method

The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the ¹²C+¹²C reaction process. Taking into account the size of the incident ¹²C beam spot and the thickness of the ¹²C target, the distributions of scattered ¹²C on the MWPC and the CsI detectors at a detective distance have been simulated. In order to separate elastic scattering from the inelastic scattering with 4.4 MeV excited energy, we set several variables: the kinetic energy of incident ¹²C, the thickness of the ¹²C target, the ratio of the excited state, the wire spacing of the MWPC, the energy resolution of the CsI detector and the time resolution of the plastic scintillator. From the simulation results, the preliminary establishment of the experiment system can be determined to be that the beam size of the incident ¹²C is φ 5 mm, the incident kinetic energy is 200-400 A MeV, the target thickness is 2 mm, the ratio of the excited state is 20%, the ight distance of scattered ¹²C is 3 m, the energy resolution of the CsI detectors is 1%, the time resolution of the plastic scintillator is 0.5%, and the size of the CsI detectors is 7 cm×7 cm, and we need at least 16 CsI detectors to cover a 0° to 5° angular distribution.     

Low-order light scattering in multiple scattering disperse media

Light scattering has been investigated in systems in which both single and higher order scattering occur. The Monte Carlo simulation technique for studying light scattering in randomly inhomogeneous, strongly scattering disperse media was employed. The reliability of the data obtained has been checked by comparing the results of the computer simulation with analytical calculations for the intensity of doubly scattered light. The first several scattering orders have been analyzed for different geometries of the optical experiment. It has been shown, in particular, that, depending on the detector aperture, the contribution of multiple scattering can vary by almost an order of magnitude.

     

Optical Computed Tomography Based on Extraction of Quasi-Straight forward Propagating Photons Using Sum-Frequency Generation Technique

Aiming at the realization of optical computed tomography (optical CT), a compact system comprised of two cw-lasers and a detector was proposed for the extraction of quasi-straightforward propagating photons from scattered light transmitting through a scattering medium. The extraction ability of the system based on the sum-frequency generation technique was investigated using a standard scattering medium of Intralipid-10% aqueous solution and was found to be 78 dB in dynamic range. The optical CT image of absorbers placed in the scattering medium was successfully obtained with high contrast using the proposed system.     

锥束CT平板探测器成像的余晖建模与校正方法

锥束CT具有高效率和高精度的显著特点, 在医学成像与工业无损检测等领域已得到广泛应用, 但余晖的存在降低了CT图像的质量. 本文借鉴余晖多指数衰减模型的思想, 结合平板探测器输出信号的实际衰减规律, 提出了一种新的基于多指数拟合的余晖衰减建模及校正方法. 首先进行了基于平板探测器的锥束CT成像实验, 结果表明平板探测器各像素的余晖衰减规律具有良好的一致性, 且余晖衰减规律与初始灰度的大小无关; 其后根据建立的余晖衰减模型实现了余晖的快速校正, 并分析比较了余晖校正前后投影图像和切片图像质量, 表明余晖校正后的零件轮廓清晰度得到了显著提升. 该方法无需获取探测器闪烁体成分及其衰减时间常数, 便于实际锥束CT成像系统的余晖检测与校正. 关键词： 余晖 平板探测器 锥束CT 多指数衰减     

Residual polarization of non-coherently backscattered linearly polarized light: the influence of the anisotropy parameter of the scattering medium

The effect of preservation of the residual polarization of backscattered light in the case of multiply scattered disordered media illumination by a linearly polarized plane wave is examined using the path-integral approach and Monte Carlo simulation. Disordered ensembles of non-interacting dielectric particles are considered as the model of scattering media. The influence of the anisotropy parameter of the scattering system on the degree of residual polarization is analysed. Experimental results obtained for various scattering systems at different wavelengths of illuminating light are in satisfactory agreement with the results of theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. The dependence of statistical properties of the polarization states of backscattered field partial components, such as probability distributions of ellipticity, on the anisotropy parameter is studied.     

X射线能谱测量的蒙特卡罗成像模拟

针对高能强流电子束轰击高Z靶产生的X射线的能谱测量问题,采用蒙特卡罗方法进行成像模拟研究。高能X射线能谱通常由对X射线经过衰减体的直穿透射率曲线进行解谱获得。设计了带多准直孔的截锥体模型,在单次模拟成像中获得完整的衰减透射率曲线,有效避免了散射光子对透射率曲线以及X射线能谱重建的影响。成像面采用非均匀划分网格计数,将大部分探测计数点集中于各准直孔出口处,保证关注区域模拟成像的精细度,同时减少总体计算时间。     

锗酸铋阵列探测器用于中子激发发射计算机断层扫描成像

 中子激发发射计算机断层扫描成像对探测器有着较高的要求,为了探讨利用传统阵列探测器实现其应用的可行性,利用模拟的方法给出了锗酸铋（BGO）晶体阵列探测器的基本性能。对高能光子在单根BGO晶体中的能谱进行了分析,提出叠加相邻晶体信号以提高能量分辨率的修正方法。结果表明:此方法能够很大程度上优化输出能谱,并能够得到较好的空间分辨率。     

Cylindrical Fibre Orientation Analysis by Light Scattering. Part 1: Numerical Aspects

The scattering of a finite beam by an ensemble of infinite cylinders, with a spatial orientation function of the depth, is simulated by using a Monte Carlo type code, including multiple scattering effects. The properties of the scattered light collected by detectors, such as the spatial distribution of intensities, are predicted, taking into account the polarization dependence.     

同位素Tl-201的单光子发射CT影像的康普顿散射校正

给出一种基于康普顿散射理论的Tl-201 SPECT影像的散射校正方法,此方法仅考虑一次散射和二次散射的影响.计算中将散射介质分成散射小元,然后积分求出每一小元内所有电子的散射光子数,一个电子的散射几率由Klein-Nishina公式确定,散射光子被分配至散射小元中心对应的探测器接收孔位置.辐射源的奇点问题也通过这种积分方法解决.误差主要来自于计算中有限的散射元体积和受限制的散射介质,但计算的线源响应函数和散射比与Monte Carlo计算结果相符,计算时间缩短40倍.