煤沥青的电化学加氢：Ⅱ.精制沥青的电化学加氢

在隔离式是电解中，用泡沫铅作用阴极，铂作阳极，饱和甘汞电极做参考电极，对太原钢铁公司焦化厂煤沥青经溶剂萃取后所得的精制沥青进行了电化学加氢的研究，考察了电解体系工艺条件对加氢效果的影响。     

有机电化学合成的研究进展

有机电化学合成已成为一种实用、环境友好的合成方法, 广泛应用于氧化、还原以及氧化还原中性反应. 通过精准调控电流或者电位可在温和反应条件下实现一些具有挑战性的化学转化. 然而, 有机电化学反应也存在电极钝化、反应类型受限以及反应活性和选择性不易调控等难题. 日益紧张的能源和环境问题使得电化学合成近年来备受关注. 该综述的主要对象为有机溶液体系中的电化学合成, 从直接电解和间接电解两方面阐述近年来为解决这些难题所取得的进展. 在直接电解方面主要是通过合理的有机电化学反应设计、改变电解模式及设备或者将电化学技术与其它的化学合成技术相融合, 解决电极钝化、反应类型受限等问题. 在间接电解方面主要是利用有机分子或者过渡金属作为分子电催化剂去调控电极和底物之间的电子转移以及反应选择性, 实现一些选择性可控的化学转化.     

孝义煤电化学脱硫研究Ⅰ.电解体系的研究

对孝义煤在不同电解体系中的脱硫率进行了考察。对不同电解气氛和不同助剂的影响进行了研究。发现ＮａＯＨ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４均是较好的脱硫体系，Ｃｌ对电解脱硫有明显的促进作用，但对煤质的破坏程度很大。对煤的电解脱硫规律的研究表明，碱性体系中的电解反应为包括脱硫反应的综合反应，对煤为一级，表观活化能为４１．８８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

消耗性镁阳极在有机电合成中的应用(I)——羰基化合物的还原偶联

羰基化合物的还原偶联是形成C-C键的重要方法.早在本世纪初,有人就研究了醛酮的电解还原偶联反应,但所用的电极为Hg、Pd、Pt、Cd等,且电解过程有诸多不便.八十年代中期出现了一种以消耗性金属Mg、Al、Zn为阳极,石墨等为阴极的有机电极合成方法[1].     

Pb/DMF-EtOH体系中煤炭的电化学加氢:利用溶液萃取法研究煤炭在电解过程中的结构变化(英文)

以DMF(氮,氮-二甲基甲酰胺)/乙醇为电解质溶液,研究了煤炭在铅电极表面的电化学加氢作用。利用有机溶剂萃取得到电解产物,并对其进行表征。通过元素分析分析发现,电解产物H/C原子比有了显著提高,体现出该电解体系较高的加氢效率。红外光谱显示,电解过程中C=O键和芳环结构得到了有效还原。煤分子结构中的桥键,如C-O-C,也发生了裂解反应。通过1H-NMR分析,进一步印证了煤电解过程中的结构变化,并提出了可能的反应机理。     

煤沥青的电化学加氢：Ⅲ.中间相沥青的电化学加氢

在隔离式电解槽中，以泡沫铅作阴极，铂作阳极，饱和甘汞电极作为参考电极，以ＤＭＦ＋ＥｔＯＨ＋Ｈ２Ｏ＋Ｂｕ４ＮＢｒ作电妥体系，对太原钢铁公司焦化厂煤沥青为原料制得的中间相沥青进行了电化学加氢的研究，考察了电解电位，温度，溶剂浓度等对国氢的影响。     

Pb/DMF-EtOH体系中煤炭的电化学加氢：利用溶液萃取法研究煤炭在电解过程中的结构变化

以DMF（氮,氮-二甲基甲酰胺）/乙醇为电解质溶液,研究了煤炭在铅电极表面的电化学加氢作用。利用有机溶剂萃取得到电解产物,并对其进行表征。通过元素分析分析发现,电解产物H/C原子比有了显著提高,体现出该电解体系较高的加氢效率。红外光谱显示,电解过程中C=O 键和芳环结构得到了有效还原。煤分子结构中的桥键,如 C-O-C,也发生了裂解反应。通过 ¹H-NMR分析,进一步印证了煤电解过程中的结构变化,并提出了可能的反应机理。     

孝义煤电化学脱硫研究：Ⅰ.电解体系的研究

对孝义 不同电解体系中的脱硫率进行了考察。对不同电解氢气和不同助剂的影响进行了研究。发现ＮａＯＨ和Ｈ２ＳＯ４均是较好的脱硫体系，Ｃｌ＾－对电解脱硫有明显的促进作用，但对煤质的破坏程度很大。对煤的电解脱友规律的研究表明，碱性体系中的电解反应为包括脱硫反应的综合反应，对煤为一级，表观活化能为４１．８８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

超细粒子铜基甲醇触媒的HREM研究

超细粒子铜基甲醇触媒的ＨＲＥＭ研究顾永达，吕剑，戴丽珍（中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤转化国家重点实验室太原０３０００１）于瀛大，关若男（中国科学院金属研究所固体原子象开放实验室沈阳１１００１５）关键词超细粒子，铜基触媒，高分辨电镜近十余年来，超细粒...     

利用电解-化学试剂还原法对高硫煤进行浮选脱硫(英）

通过正交试验,确定了利用电解-化学试剂还原法从高硫煤中浮选脱硫的适宜条件。分析结果表明,经过电解还原浮选煤中的黄铁矿被还原成FeS和S2-,煤的发热量增加,灰分减少。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.