偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定炼钢污泥中的化学成分

提出了偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定炼钢污泥中化学成分的方法,优化了仪器的工作条件。在最佳分析条件下,测定了炼钢污泥样品中TFe、SiO2、MgO、Al2O3、P和CaO的含量,所测定的6种成分的相对标准偏差均小于3%,并对污泥试样进行了测定,其分析结果与用化学法的测定值相一致。采用偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定炼钢污泥中TFe等成分周期短、准确度高,方法简便、快速,完全能满足生产需求。     

X-射线荧光光谱分析技术的发展

归纳了X-射线荧光光谱分析技术发展的进程。从现代控制技术的改善、仪器检测性能的提高、元素检测范围的扩大等8方面阐述了波长色散X-射线荧光光谱技术的进展,还就能量色散X-射线荧光光谱仪的X射线管和探测器技术的快速发展及近10年来我国在X-射线荧光光谱分析方法方面的论文发表情况进行了总结,对近年来X-射线荧光光谱仪的发展趋势———手持式、偏振、微束分析等进行了评述,并对其技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

中药胡芦巴磷脂成分的X射—线荧光光谱法直接测定

本文首次采用X-射线荧光光谱法直接分析了中药胡芦巴总磷脂成分含量及磷脂组分的分布。该法具有操作简便、快速、准确度高、精密度好、检出限低和样品用量少等优点。本法将是适用于补益中药活性成分磷脂分析的新方法。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定内墙合成树脂乳液涂料墙面中铅、镉、铬和砷的含量

用手持式能量色散型X射线荧光光谱仪直接快速测定内墙合成树脂乳液涂料墙面中铅、镉、铬、砷等4种有害元素的含量,用外标法定量。以模拟样品为基体制作上述4种元素的工作曲线,4种元素的质量分数在120 mg·kg-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系。实样测定结果表明:上述4种元素含量大于10mg·kg-1时,本方法的结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法的测定结果相符。     

偏振式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪分析高炉渣

在偏振化能量色散型X射线荧光光谱仪上,使用一个HOPG次级靶,成功地对高炉渣中主要成分进行了分析。总的测量时间为120 s。此方法所得分析结果与标样中有关组分的证书值相符,也与工作标样中组分的已知值(化学法测得)一致。     

XRF分析用合金标样的研制及在锌饼合金中的应用

在X-射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)用热镀锌合金标样的制备及数学校正方法研究的基础上,对锌合金标样的制备及应用进行了研究.经过锌饼合金生产控制分析及成品分析考核,表明研制的标样成分均匀,含量范围合格,方法准确,测定结果与化学法相符,为锌饼合金生产提供了一种简便、快速、准确的分析方法.     

便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪在土壤检测中定方法研究

能量色散X荧光光谱仪至今还没有形成统一的国家检定规程.因此,根据仪器的实际检定要求,参考相关仪器的检定规程,对能量色散X荧光光谱仪的检定方法进行了深入的研究和探讨,提出了能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪的检定方法.     

X—射线荧光光谱法分析保护渣中元素

保护渣元素的定量分析一般采用传统的湿法化学分析 ,化学分析虽然准确度好 ,但难以做到快速且劳动量大。利用 X-射线荧光光谱法分析保护渣中各元素含量是一种快速、准确的分析方法 ,在国外已得到广泛应用。本文从现场分析的实际出发 ,选择融样条件、最佳仪器参数 ,用基准物质合成标准样品 ,绘制标准工作曲线 ,曲线线性良好 ,用化学分析法对荧光分析值进行验证 ,结果符合化学允许差。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器设备、试剂及工作条件MXF2 1 0 0 - X-射线荧光光谱仪TR- AUTO- BEAD- 1 0 0 0 S/W熔融炉混合熔剂 :4g四硼酸钠 +4g四硼酸锂 +0 .…     

一种简易光导纤维反射分光光度计的研制及其在文物颜料鉴定中的应用

研制出一种简易光导纤维分光光度计。它以钨灯作光源,光导纤维进行光传输,光电倍增管检测,数字电压表读数。采用该仪器对阳陵出土的彩绘进行了测定,分析鉴定颜料成分为朱砂,与X-荧光分析和X-射线衍射分析结果完全吻合。仪器价格低廉,性能良好。     

4-氯苯乙酸构筑的一维铅配位聚合物的晶体结构、荧光性质和生物活性(英文)

水热条件下采用Pb(NO3)2和4-氯苯乙酸作为反应物合成出1个新的一维铅配位聚合物[Pb(4-cpa)2(H2O)]n(1)(4-Hcpa=4-氯苯乙酸),并分别用元素分析、红外光谱、差热分析、X-射线粉末衍射和X-射线单晶衍射等表征了该结构。晶体结构分析结果表明:μ3桥联的4-氯苯甲酸将铅金属离子连接成一维链结构。荧光分析表明常温固态下配合物1发射蓝色荧光,且在422 nm处的荧光寿命为5.3 ns。以除草剂-精喹禾灵为对照品,考察了配体4-Hcpa和配合物1的生物活性。     

Energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence determination of thorium in phosphoric acid solutions

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence studies on determination of thorium (in the range of 7 to 137 mg/mL) in phosphoric acid solutions obtained by dissolution of thoria in autoclave were made. Fixed amounts of Y internal standard solutions, after dilution with equal amount of phosphoric acid, were added to the calibration as well as sample solutions. Solution aliquots of approximately 2–5 µL were deposited on thick absorbent sheets to absorb the solutions and the sheets were presented for energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence measurements. A calibration plot was made between intensity ratios (Th Lα/Y Kα) against respective amounts of thorium in the calibration solutions. Thorium amounts in phosphoric acid samples were determined using their energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra and the above calibration plot. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence results, thus obtained, were compared with the corresponding gamma ray spectrometry results and were found to be within average deviation of 2.6% from the respective gamma ray spectrometry values. The average precision obtained in energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence determinations was found to be 4% (1σ). The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method has an advantage over gamma ray spectrometry for thorium determination as the amount of sample required and measurement time is far less compared to that required in gamma ray spectrometry.     

Determination of the alloying elements in ancient silver coins

Isotope excited energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used for the determination of the major components, silver and copper, of ancient coins. A ring shaped ¹²⁵I source was used for excitation. Various methods were developed and compared for quantitative evaluation in order to eliminate matrix effects and the effects caused by the differences in geometry. The method proposed by the authors ensures determination with acceptable error using certified standard samples of alloys. The results of this method were compared with those of prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) and with data from contemporary written sources.     

Systematische Fehler in der Analyse

A quick and simple fusion and casting technique is described for the preparation of glass discs with both faces smooth and suitable for quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis of silicate samples. An appropriate choice of the fusion components and sample dilution ensures the homogeneity and stability of the borate-silicate glass. A routine method free from matrix corrections was developed on this basis for the determination of Fe, Ti, Ca, K, Si, and Al in silicate rocks. Pure reagents were used to set up the calibration curves. The precision and accuracy of this method is discussed.     

熔融法X射线荧光光谱测定岩石主成分含量

选用国家一级标准物质,采用X射线荧光光谱法对岩石样品中的二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化钾、氧化钠、三氧化二铁、五氧化二磷、氧化钛、氧化锰10种主要组分进行测定,分析结果和标准值或化学值相吻合,各组分测定结果的相对标准偏差小于2％（n=12）。     

Book Reviews

Room temperature glass containing copper nitrate was produced using the microemulsion-gel method. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction spectra were used to demonstrate the presence of copper nitrate in the gel samples. The samples were examined using optical microscopy, with and without polarized filters, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis, before and after the extraction of the surfactant with an organic solvent. The results indicated that copper nitrate was present throughout the silicate network formed and was associated with the microemulsion components, i.e., the interstitial liquid, remaining in the bulk material.     

Uncertainty measurement evaluation of WDXRF and EDXRF techniques for the Si and U<Subscript>total</Subscript> determination in U<Subscript>3</Subscript>Si<Subscript>2</Subscript> nuclear fuel

Uranium silicide (U₃Si₂), 20% ²³⁵U enriched powder, is an intermetallic compound used as nuclear fuel material, which is the state-of-the-art among nuclear fuel materials used in modern research reactors. It is produced by IPEN and used as nuclear fuel of the IEA-R1 reactor (IPEN/CNEN, São Paulo, Brazil); U₃Si₂ has 92.3 wt% U_total and 7.7 wt% Si. The qualification of this material requires chemical and physical tests such as Si and U_total content, isotope ratio, impurities, density, specific surface area and particle size determination. The Si and U_total were determined by gravimetric and volumetric procedures. Usually, these classical methods require a long time for analyses and are expensive. The objective of this study was to establish a fast and efficient analytical method to meet ISO/IEC 17025:2005 requirements in the Si and U_total determination. The X-ray fluorescence techniques (XRF) were chosen to allow a direct and non-destructive analysis, what is the main advantage compared to other instrumental techniques, since previous chemical treatments are not necessary. In this study, the performance of the wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) X-ray fluorescence techniques was evaluated. Furthermore, two different sample preparation procedures, plain powdered and pressed powdered, were evaluated. Statistical tools were used to evaluate the results and a comparison between these results and the conventional methods was done.     

Dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of sulfonamides in chicken muscle by liquid chromatography

A new, fast and low-cost sample preparation for the determination of sulfonamide (SA) residues in chicken muscle by LC technique has been developed. The procedure involves single extraction of sample with acetonitrile, followed by a rapid clean-up and was called "dispersive solid-phase extraction" (dispersive SPE). Using dispersive SPE 25 mg of octadecyl sorbent was added to 1 ml of acetonitrile extract, mixed and centrifuged. The acetonitrile layer was evaporated and residue was dissolved in acetate buffer (pH 3.5). Analysed compounds were detected by fluorescence detector after pre-column derivatization with fluorescamine. The separation of analytes was performed with gradient elution with mobile phase methanol: 2% acetic acid and RP-LC analytical column. The whole procedure was evaluated for six sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfametoxypirydazine, sulfametoxazole and sulfadimetoxine) according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Specificity, decision limit (CCalpha), detection capacity (CCbeta), trueness and precision were determined during validation process. The dispersive SPE with octadecyl sorbent was found suitable for sample preparation before sulfonamide determination in chicken muscle. As it was found the most of endogenous matrix components were removed and the analytes were isolated from spiked samples with recoveries above 90%. The used analytical conditions allow to successively separate all the tested sulfonamides with the limit of detection at the level of 1-5 microg/kg. The method is simple, rapid and more effective than conventional methods.     

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence determination of cadmium in uranium matrix using Cd Kα line excited by continuum

An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method for determination of cadmium (Cd) in uranium (U) matrix using continuum source of excitation was developed. Calibration and sample solutions of cadmium, with and without uranium were prepared by mixing different volumes of standard solutions of cadmium and uranyl nitrate, both prepared in suprapure nitric acid. The concentration of Cd in calibration solutions and samples was in the range of 6 to 90 µg/mL whereas the concentration of Cd with respect to U ranged from 90 to 700 µg/g of U. From the calibration solutions and samples containing uranium, the major matrix uranium was selectively extracted using 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate in dodecane. Fixed volumes (1.5 mL) of aqueous phases thus obtained were taken directly in specially designed in-house fabricated leak proof Perspex sample cells for the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence measurements and calibration plots were made by plotting Cd Kα intensity against respective Cd concentration. For the calibration solutions not having uranium, the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra were measured without any extraction and Cd calibration plots were made accordingly. The results obtained showed a precision of 2% (1σ) and the results deviated from the expected values by < 4% on average.     

Determination of lead and silver in copper blister by isotope excited X-ray fluorescence

The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method of Pb and Ag determination in metallic copper is described. Radioisotopic sources of⁵⁷Co and²⁴¹Am/target have been used for excitation and Si(Li) and hyperpure Ge spectrometers for spectra analysis. The standard deviation of Pb and Ag determination for a single measurement is 0.015 and 0.012%, respectively.     

Comparison of analytical methods for the determination of trace amounts of strontium and yttrium by photon induced X-ray fluorescence techniques in lateritic materials

Three different analytical methods for the determination of strontium and yttrium in Venezuelan latterites by radioisotope induced X-ray fluorescence are compared, also with results from conventional wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The samples analyzed were from Cerro Impacto, Venezuela. The photon-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence system consisted of a¹⁰⁹Cd (7 mCi) source for excitation of the characteristic K X-rays for strontium and yttrium. The detection system employed a high resolution Si(Li) detector and was completely controlled by a PDP-11/05 processor. Of the three analytical methods described, the internal standard-thin film technique was shown to be slightly superior to the conventional standard calibration curve method and the standard additon/dilution procedure. This can be explained by considering the effectiveness of the compensation of the sources of errors by these methods. It should also be noted that in the case of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, an about 5–10 times greater sample is needed, which is a limitation compared to energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence in some cases. Finally, typical relative standard deviations of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence methods were about 10–15% for the range of about 100–100 ppm of strontium and yttrium; these values are acceptable considering the large degree of heterogeneity in this type of geological material. This project was funded by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Technológicas (CONICIT) and performed as part of UNESCO's IGCP-129 “Lateritization Processes” project.