双键萘啶衍生物和联吡啶类桥联Cu(Ⅰ)配合物的合成及性质研究

<正>1,8-萘啶类化合物和多联吡啶的Cu(Ⅰ)配合物以结构多样化、生物医药活性和独特的发光性能已成为活跃的研究领域.本论文首次合成了3个含有双键的1,8一萘啶、1个1,8-萘啶衍生物、2个多联吡啶衍生物和10个联吡啶类桥联Cu(Ⅰ)配合物,通过单晶X射线衍射确定了10个新配合物的晶体结构.通过对1,8-萘啶衍生物在不同溶剂中的光致变色现象和联吡啶类桥联Cu(Ⅰ)配合物的晶体结构、磁性、光物理性质及电化学性质的研究,得到了一些有意义的结果:     

发光1,8-萘啶衍生物及其铜(Ⅰ)配合物的合成及光性能研究

1,8-萘啶衍生物及以其为配体的过渡金属形成的配合物,因其特殊的结构与性能及在材料科学、生命科学领域的巨大应用潜力,已成为科研工作者关注的热点.近年来的研究发现,1,8-萘啶类化合物经过恰当的修饰,可以和DNA分子中的碱基形成多个氢键,从而使1,8-萘啶化合物在识别致病基因及检测基因突变等方面表现出广阔的应用前景.本文在前人工作的基础上,开展了以下几方面的创新性工作:     

2-溴代1,8-萘啶衍生物的合成

以2-羟基-1,8-萘啶衍生物为原料,POBr3为溴化剂,通过简单高效的一步反应合成得到5个2-溴代1,8-萘啶衍生物,分别为2-溴-7-甲基-1,8-萘啶(L1)、2-溴-7-溴甲基-1,8-萘啶(L2)、2-溴-5,7-二甲基-1,8-萘啶(L3)、2-溴-5-甲基-7-溴甲基-1,8-萘啶(L4)和2-溴-5,7-二溴甲基-1,8-萘啶(L5).反应在高温或延长反应时间下易发生自由基取代反应,通过对影响2-溴代1,8-萘啶产物产率的反应条件(反应温度、反应时间、有无自由基猝灭剂)进行优化,得出各2-溴代1,8-萘啶衍生物的最优合成条件.L1和L3的最佳合成条件为60℃反应10min,若高温或延长时间反应,可加入FeCl3或四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)抑制自由基以保证产率;L2的最佳合成条件为80℃反应30min,L4的最佳条件为100℃反应20min,L5的最佳条件为100℃反应30min.优化条件下,各产物产率分别可达62.3%,67.5%,64.2%,56.9%和47.3%.     

2-氨基/乙酰氨基-7-溴-1,8-萘啶衍生物的合成

以2-氨基/乙酰氨基-7-羟基-1,8-萘啶为原料和POBr3反应,简单高效合成得到六个7-溴代1,8-萘啶衍生物L1-L6。反应在较高温度或延长反应时间下易产生自由基取代反应,通过对影响2-溴代1,8-萘啶产物产率的反应条件(反应温度、反应时间、有无自由基猝灭剂)进行优化,得到各7-溴代1,8-萘啶衍生物的最佳合成条件。化合物L1、L2、L3、L5的最佳合成条件为60℃(10min),若高温或延长时间反应,可加FeCl_3抑制自由基以保证产率;化合物L4、L6的最佳条件为100℃(30min)。优化的条件下,各7-溴代1,8-萘啶衍生物产率分别为57.2%、61.5%、56.8%、46.8%、62.7%和53.8%。     

2-甲基-1,8-萘啶衍生物的甲基溴代反应

报道了2-甲基-1,8-萘啶衍生物的甲基溴化反应,以N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)为溴化剂、红外光为引发剂,得到单溴代产物2-溴甲基-1,8-萘啶衍生物及其二溴代副产物2-二溴甲基-1,8-萘啶衍生物,对比了两种不同的反应条件,通过对影响甲基溴化产物产率的反应条件进行优化改进,得到单溴代产物的较优合成条件为：NBS的用量为原料的1.2倍,500 W红外灯为光源,反应时间为2 h。 该反应条件下,单溴代产物的产率可达到54.6%。     

一类二茂铁衍生物的合成及其对铬离子和铜离子的特异性识别研究

以二茂铁甲醛、1,1'-二茂铁二甲醛、2,6-二氨基吡啶、2-氨基-7-甲基-1,8-萘啶等为原料合成了二茂铁单臂和双臂衍生物Fe L1~Fe L4,并通过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、质谱和元素分析等对衍生物的结构进行了表征和鉴定,同时用循环伏安法研究了四种衍生物的电化学性质.通过紫外可见分光光度法和核磁滴定,研究了四种衍生物与金属离子的相互作用.结果表明,二茂铁吡啶衍生物Fe L1和Fe L2能够在15种混合金属离子中特异性识别铜离子和铬离子,二茂铁萘啶衍生物Fe L3和Fe L4能够在15种混合金属离子中特异性识别铬离子,这种方法在体外环境污染监测和体内金属离子超标检测中都具有潜在的应用.     

超声波辅助-下合成一些1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物

在超声波辅助下,使1,8-萘酐、4-溴-1,8-萘酐、3-硝基-4-溴-1,8-萘酐分别与伯胺反应合成了一系列1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物,该方法与常规合成方法相比具有反应时间短、条件温和、产率高等优点.     

1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物的设计、合成及其对半胱氨酸的识别研究

巯基氨基酸水平异常与多种疾病相关,其检测仍存在一定的局限,研究检测巯基氨基酸的荧光探针具有一定的价值.以苊为原料合成了61个1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物,研究了该类化合物的荧光性能及其作为半胱氨酸含量测定的荧光探针的可能性.紫外光谱分析表明1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物上N-取代基对最大吸收波长无明显影响;荧光光谱(FL)的性能测试显示硝基萘酰亚胺衍生物N-甲基-4-硝基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(4a)～4-硝基-N-间氟苯基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(4s)无荧光,氨基萘酰亚胺衍生物N-甲基-4-氨基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(5a)～4-氨基-N-间氟苯基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(5s)有强烈黄色荧光,而马来酰亚胺萘酰亚胺衍生物N-甲基-4-(1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮-1-基)-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(6a)～4-(1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮-1-基)-N-(间氟苯基)-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(6s)有微弱蓝色荧光,其中7个马来酰亚胺萘酰亚胺衍生物探针对半胱氨酸(Cys)溶液有荧光点亮效应.对7个探针加入21种其它氨基酸作为干扰项的测试显示探针对半胱氨酸检测有良好的选择性.研究了不同pH值下荧光强度,检测探针与半...     

1,8-萘啶氮氧化物与碱土金属硝酸盐的荧光固态配合物的合成及性质

以1,8-萘啶氮氧化物为配体的金属寓子配合物尚未见文献报道,继1,8-萘啶氮氧化物与镧系金属离子的配合物合成之后,我们又合成了1,8-萘啶氮氧化物与碱土金属硝酸盐的荧光固态配合物,并对其性质进行亍研究。     

基于1,8-萘啶双硼核化合物的合成、结构及光谱性质研究

设计合成了基于萘啶类衍生物1,2-二(7-氯-1,8-萘啶-2)-肼(H₂L)及其双硼核化合物 C1. H₂L的光谱性质具有明显的溶剂效应,它的发光很弱,而 C1的发光很强,荧光量子产率超过90%. H₂L在甲醇中不稳定,其相应的光谱特征蓝移到萘啶的特征峰,但金属离子Hg²⁺和Zn²⁺的引入能够恢复 H₂L的特征峰.通过溶剂挥发的方法得到了 C1的单晶.结构研究表明,在其晶胞中分子间通过C3-H3…F1和C3-H3…F2氢键作用形成三维网格结构.     

On the bromination of 1,7- and 1,8-Naphthyridine in nitrobenzene

By application of the Kress procedure for bromination it has been found that from the hydro-bromide of 1,7-naphthyridine with 1.1 equivalents of bromine in nitrobenzene a mixture of 3-and 5-bromo- and 3,5-dibromo-1,7-naphthyridine is obtained in reasonable yield. With an excess of bromine 3,5-dibromo-1,7-naphthyridine is nearly exclusively formed. Similar brominations of the hydrobromide of 1,8-naphthyridine with 1.1 equivalents of bromine gave 3-bromo- and 3,6-dibromo-1,8-naphthyridine. By using an excess of bromine a high-yield conversion into 3,6-dibromo-1,8-naphthyridine is observed. Bromination of the hydrochloride salt of 1,7- and 1,8-naphthyridine affords the same bromo derivatives.     

Pd（OAc）2 catalyzed synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives via C-N-coupling reactions of chloronaphthyridines

An efficient route to synthesize the heteroaryl-substituted 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives was described.Eight 2-heteroaryl-and 2,7-diheteroaryl-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives were obtained through palladium-catalyzed C-N-coupling reactions of chloro-naphthyridines with imidazole,benzimidazole,morpholine,3,5-dimethylpyrazole,and phthalimide in moderate to good yields.     

Enhancement of Antibiotic Activity by 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives against Multi-Resistant Bacterial Strains

The search for new antibacterial agents has become urgent due to the exponential growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives have been shown to have excellent antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-modulating activities of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives against multi-resistant bacterial strains. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the following compounds: 7-acetamido-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one and 3-trifluoromethyl-N-(5-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-benzenesulfonamide. The antibiotic-modulating activity was analyzed using subinhibitory concentrations (MIC/8) of these compounds in combination with norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and lomefloxacin. Multi-resistant strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were used in both tests. Although the compounds had no direct antibacterial activity (MIC ≥ 1.024 µg/mL), they could decrease the MIC of these fluoroquinolones, indicating synergism was obtained from the association of the compounds. These results suggest the existence of a structure–activity relationship in this group of compounds with regard to the modulation of antibiotic activity. Therefore, we conclude that 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives potentiate the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against multi-resistant bacterial strains, and thereby interesting candidates for the development of drugs against bacterial infections caused by multidrug resistant strains.     

Annelated derivatives of 2-phenylquinoline, 2-(2′-pyridyl)quinoline and 2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine

Annelated derivatives of 2-phenylquinoline, 2-(2′-pyridyl)quinoline, and 2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine have been prepared where the bridging unit contains from one to four methylene units. The conformational properties of these molecules have been analyzed by ¹H nmr and uv spectroscopy as well as by pK_a determinations.     

Amination of 3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridines

Treatment of 2-amino-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridines with liquid ammonia/potassium permanganate gives 2,4-diamino-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine. From 2-ethoxy-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine a mixture of 4-amino-and 5-amino-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine was obtained. 2-Chloro-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine afforded a mixture of four compounds i. e. 2,4- and 2,5-diamino-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine and 2-chloro-5-amino-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine and 2-amino-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine. A study on covalent amination has shown that 4-amino-2-ethoxy-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine undergoes covalent amination at C-5, whereupon in this adduct amino-deethoxylation takes place. In a similar way, 2-chloro- and 2-ethoxy-5-amino-3,6-dinitro-1,8-naphthyridine give covalent amination at C-4.     

Synthesis of bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-1,8-naphthyridines for evaluation as anticancer agents

Some 1,8-naphthyridine nitrogen mustards have been synthesized for studies of their antitumor potentialities. All the tested intermediate and target compounds are devoid of antitumor properties.     

Preparation of hexafluoro-1,8- and -2,7-naphthyridine

Hexachloro-1,8- and -2,7-naphthyridine have been prepared from 2,7-dichloro-1,8-naphthyridine and 1,3,6,8-tetrachloro-2,7- naphthyridine respectively. From these products and their starting materials a series of partially and totally fluorine substituted compounds have been derived.     

Synthesis and reactions of 7-substituted 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids as an antibacterial agent

1-Cyclopropyl- and 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives having a sulfinyl or sulfonyl group at C-7 were synthesized from 2,6-dichloro-5-fluoronicotinic acid derivatives by the route involving the Dieckmann-type cyclization. The displacement reactions of these compounds with pyrrolidine and piperidine gave mainly the 7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)- and 7-(1-piperidinyl)-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives 24-27 , respectively. Enoxacin, a potent antibacterial agent, was also synthesized with the analogous route.     

1,8-Naphthyridines. Part I. Synthesis of some trifluoromethyl-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives

The synthesis of some 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives substituted in the 5- and/or 7-positions with trifluoromethyl is described along with their conversions to the corresponding 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)ones. A modified procedure for oxidizing electron-deficient heterocyclic compounds to their N-oxides is presented.