咪唑及其衍生物的合成研究进展

咪唑及其衍生物作为药物中间体,在生物学、医学、有机化学中占据重要位置.目前咪唑的合成方法主要包括Radziszewski法、Phillips法、溴乙醛法.咪唑衍生物的合成方法主要包括金属催化剂合成法、酸性催化剂合成法、离子液体催化剂合成法等.本文对咪唑及其衍生物的合成方法进行了总结与归纳,并阐述了各种方法的优缺点.     

Fischer吲哚合成法的研究进展

吲哚及其衍生物具有某些生物活性, 其合成方法很多. 其中Fischer吲哚合成是最便捷和经济的合成方法, 应用最多. 对此法近十年来的合成工艺进行了综述和评价.     

单分散共轭齐聚物的合成方法

简要介绍了线性、星形和环状单分散共轭齐聚物的主要合成方法,并对不同方法的优缺点做了简要评述.其中,线性单分散共轭齐聚物的合成方法主要有4种,即控制聚合方法,发散合成方法,发散/收敛合成方法和指数增长合成方法.在星状单分散共轭齐聚物方面,主要介绍了两种苯环成环反应的应用.环状共轭齐聚物的合成主要介绍了聚合过程中的成环反应、线性共轭齐聚物的分子内环化反应和模板导向环化反应.     

不对称合成α-氮杂环丁酮的研究进展

α-氮杂环丁酮是合成培南类抗生素的母核. 作为一类具有生物活性化合物合成子的使用, 促进了其合成方法的研究. 综述了不对称合成氮杂环丁酮的研究进展, 详细讨论了氮杂环丁酮的合成方法.     

添加碳元素合成化学计量比LiNiO2

本文采用添加碳元素、葡萄糖及使用多种试剂为原料的合成方法,合成了具有化学计量比的LiNiO2.分析了这些方法在合成反应中的作用,同时给出了合成LiNiO2的最佳反应条件.     

2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物合成研究进展

2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物在医药、农药以及配位催化等领域有广阔的应用前景,因而其合成方法备受关注.近年来,微波促进、水为介质、无溶剂合成、组合化学以及过渡金属催化等一系列高效、绿色的合成方法在2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物的合成中得到广泛的应用.按照不同的合成原料和合成方法进行分类,综述了近年来2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物合成研究的新进展.     

Ni（Ⅱ）螯合物在氨基酸合成中的应用

Ni(Ⅱ)螯合物诱导合成氨基酸是氨基酸合成方法中一类新颖且有工业生产价值的合成方法.从合成方法学、络合金属离子的优选、配体的改进、卤代片段的选择、合成氨基酸种类等方面介绍该合成方法的研究进展.     

Ni(II)螯合物在氨基酸合成中的应用

Ni(II)螯合物诱导合成氨基酸是氨基酸合成方法中一类新颖且有工业生产价值的合成方法. 从合成方法学 、络合金属离子的优选、配体的改进、卤代片段的选择、合成氨基酸种类等方面介绍该合成方法的研究进 展.     

1-茚满酮合成方法研究进展

1-茚满酮类化合物是许多药物和天然产物合成中的中间体, 有关这类化合物的合成方法仍然不断得到更新. 按照关环位点对于这些合成方法进行了综述, 着重介绍了2000以来的合成新进展.     

1'-碘代二茂铁甲醛合成的新方法

二茂铁甲醛是有机合成化学中一个重要的中间体,利用它可以合成各种功能二茂铁衍生物.然而异环取代的二茂铁甲醛因合成难度较大使其应用受到限制,1'-碘代二茂铁甲醛分子内因为有较多的反应活性点,从而被广泛应用到功能金属有机分子的设计合成中.合成该物质的传统方法不仅路线长,且需要使用昂贵的金属有机试剂.我们利用改进后的合成方法,以二茂铁为起始原料经三步反应合成了1'-碘代二茂铁甲醛.该方法不仅缩短了合成路线,简化了反应条件,且避免使用苛刻的反应条件和贵重的有机锂(锡)试剂,是目前合成该化合物最简单的方法.     

Elimination of rutaecarpine and its metabolites in rat feces and urine measured by liquid chromatography

Rutaecarpine is an alkaloid isolated from the medicinal herb Evodia rutaecarpa. This study was to evaluate the elimination pathway of rutaecarpine in rat feces and urine. Rutaecarpine and its metabolites (3-, 10-, 11- and 12-hydroxyrutaecarpine) in urine were measured after incubation with beta-glucuronidase. After the rutaecarpine was administered (25 and 100 mg/kg) orally to rats, the urine and fecal samples were collected using a metabolic cage for five consecutive days. For determining rutaecarpine, the mobile phase consisted of acetontrile-10 mM NaH(2)PO(4) (60:40, v/v, pH 4.2 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear in concentrations of 0.05-50 microg/mL in fecal and urine sample. The results indicated that more than 42% of the rutaecarpine was excreted by feces after oral administration (25 and 100 mg/kg), but only a small amount of rutaecarpine was detected in urine at a higher dose of rutaecarpine (100 mg/kg). After incubation with beta-glucuronidase, the hydroxyrutaecarpine in urine was eluted using methanol-acetonitrile-0.04% formic acid (6:30:64, v/v) with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. We conclude that the metabolic pathway of rutaecarpine went through phase I hydroxylation and phase II conjugation, and the major metabolite is 10-hydroxyrutaecarpine eliminated from urine of the rat.     

Progress in the studies on rutaecarpine

Rutaecarpine is an indolopyridoquinazolinone alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa and related herbs, which has shown a variety of intriguing biological properties such as anti-thrombotic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-obesity and thermoregulatory, vasorelaxing activity, as well as effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Recent progress in the studies on the isolation, synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, biological activities and metabolism of rutaecarpine are reviewed.     

Natural Product‐Mimetic Scaffolds with Privileged Heterocyclic Systems: Design,Synthesis, and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Quinazoquinobenzothiazinones

Structurally diverse quinazolinoquinolinobenzothiazinones based on rutaecarpine structural framework with hybrid structural features of three medicinally privileged heterocyclic systems has been synthesized as natural product‐mimetic scaffolds involving the use of multi‐step reaction sequences. The synthesized quinazolinoquinolinobenzothiazinones have been evaluated for their antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.     

Two new indolopyridoquinazoline alkaloidal glycosides from Ranunculus ternatus

Two new indolopyridoquinazoline alkaloidal glycosides, 11-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl rutaecarpine (ternatoside C) and 11-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl rutaecarpine (ternatoside D) were isolated from the roots of Ranunculus ternatus. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

Optimization of extraction of evodiamine and rutaecarpine from fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa using modified supercritical CO(2)

Evodiamine and rutaecarpine have been intensively studied due to their pharmacological actions and clinical applications. In this report, supercritical fluid was used to extract evodiamine and rutaecarpine from the unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa. Response surface methodology using Box-Behnken experimental design was utilized to optimize parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with methanol as co-solvent. The effect of various values of dynamic extraction time (30-90min), temperature (50-70°C) and pressure (200-400bar) on extraction yields of the two compounds was evaluated. Determinations of the extracts were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The experimental data obtained were fitted to second-order polynomial equations and analyzed by analysis of variance. The highest yields predicted were 1.217mg/g for evodiamine and 0.969mg/g for rutaecarpine at the optimal values (time 78min, temperature 62°C, pressure 280bar and co-solvent flow rate 0.4mL/min), based on the selected range of experimental conditions.     

吴茱萸次碱衍生物的合成及荧光性质研究

本文设计合成了两个吴茱萸次碱衍生物10-甲氧基吴茱萸次碱和10,11-二甲氧基吴茱萸次碱,并通过IR、NMR、MS和元素分析等手段对化合物的结构进行了表征;研究了它们的紫外和荧光性质,探讨化合物结构、溶剂、浓度对荧光强度的影响,并计算了荧光量子产率。     

Synthesis of hybrids between the alkaloids rutaecarpine and luotonins A, B

The synthesis of 7,12-dihydroindolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-5-one, a hybrid compound containing common structural features of the natural alkaloids rutaecarpine (Evodia rutaecarpa) and luotonin A (Peganum nigellastrum), was performed by active methylene group transformations of deoxyvasicinone. The synthesis of 7-hydroxy-8-norrutaecarpine was accomplished via the first total synthesis of bouchardatine (Bouchardatia neurococca) and its acid-catalyzed ring closure. The synthesized alkaloid analogues are the first representatives of a new heterocyclic ring system. Preliminary testing of the synthesized compounds showed cytotoxic activities against HeLa cells and apoptosis inducing effects at a concentration comparable to that of the control drug, etoposide.     

Multicomponent assembly strategies for the synthesis of diverse tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffolds

Several novel multicomponent assembly processes have been developed for the rapid and efficient assembly of various heterocyclic scaffolds bearing a tetrahydroisoquinoline core, each of which allows for facile derivatization to access a diverse array of compounds. This work led to the serendipitous discovery of a new method for the synthesis of a fused quinazolone ring system, which was applied to a one-step total synthesis of the quinazolinocarboline alkaloid rutaecarpine.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定吴茱萸及制剂中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱

用反相高效液相色谱法测定了吴茱萸及制剂中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱，建立了中药及制剂中吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱分离、测定的色谱方法。色谱条件：ＯＤＳ柱，乙腈＋水＋四氢呋喃＋乙酸（５２＋４８＋１＋０．１）为流动相，紫外检测波长２８０ｎｍ。方法简便、灵敏、准确、快速。     

Characterization of in vitro metabolites of rutaecarpine in rat liver microsomes using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Following incubation of rutaecarpine, a new cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, with rat liver microsomes, the structures of the metabolites were characterized by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Nine metabolites corresponding to mono- or dihydroxylated rutaecarpine were formed. Characteristic product ions for the identification of rutaecarpine metabolites were observed at m/z 136, 158 and 286. The loss of water led to the fragment ion at m/z 286, indicating the hydroxylation of the aliphatic ring. The fragment ion at m/z 136 indicated the hydroxylated form of the phenyl group of the quinazolinone moiety, while that at m/z 158 indicated the hydroxylated form of the aromatic ring of the indole moiety.