114MeVπ~+、π~-与~(16)O原子核间的大角度散射

大角度散射行为对各种π-核散射模型提供一个严厉的检验.本文应用基于核α粒子结构建立起的光学势计算了114MeVπ介子在~(16)O核上的大角度散射.结果表明,比通常的以核子模型为基础建立的光学势有明显的改进.     

超强激光等离子体推进新机制

应用Compton散射模型、平均原子模型和碰撞-辐射模型,研究了超强激光等离子体推进机制,提出了将入射光和Compton散射光作为超强激光等离子体推进新机制,给出了束缚电子占据概率和流体力学修正方程,得到了O、Ne、N、Xe的等离子体烧蚀压、等效烧蚀深度和烧蚀速度随入射激光功率密度变化的模拟结果。结果表明:与散射前相比,随着激光功率密度增大,Xe烧蚀压最大,其次是Ne、O、N;O等效烧蚀深度最大,其次是N、Xe、Ne;Ne弛豫时间最长,其次是O、N、Xe;Xe烧蚀速度最快,其次是Ne、O、N。采用含电子多的轻元素超强激光等离子体,有利于等离子体整体推进。     

114MeV π+、π－与16O原子核间的大角度散射

大角度散射行为对各种π^－核散射模型提供一个严厉的检验.本文应用基于核α粒子结构建立起的光学势计算了114MeV π介子在¹⁶O核上的大角度散射.结果表明,比通常的以核子模型为基础建立的光学势有明显的改进.     

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基于Mie散射理论和方法,研究了航天器尾喷焰等离子体中Al2O3粒子的光学散射特性,分析了复折射率对单个Al2O3粒子消光效率因子、散射效率因子、吸收效率因子、散射相函数以及单次反照率的影响。同时,基于多分散系粒子尺度单峰分布,分析了Al2O3粒子按粒径分布后散射场的有关效应因子及散射相函数的变化,并进行了相应的数值模拟。理论和数值模拟研究表明,航天器尾喷焰等离子体Al2O3粒子复折射率的虚部和实部、粒径的大小与分布对其散射相函数、消光和散射效率因子以及单次反照率均有明显的影响。     

物理光学 光的吸收、透射与散射

O436.22006053891水中气泡上的体散射函数的模拟与计算=Si mulation andcomputation of bubbles volume scattering functionin water[刊,中]/李微(华中科技大学激光技术国家重点实验室.湖北,武汉(430074)),杨克成…//光学学报.—2006,26(5).—647-651基于几何光学的基本原理,推导出一种可以计算水中大尺度气泡上光散射角度与强度的关系式。推导中避免引入衰减因子G,较Davis模型更为简单。该模型可应用于光在水中单个气泡上散射的数值计算。最后,模拟计算了平行光束入射水中气泡的体散射函数曲线。图6表2参7(于晓光)O436.22006053892混浊…     

YBa_2Cu_3O_7基面电子态特性计算

用散射理论描述了 YBa2 Cu3O7( 0 0 1)面的电子能带结构。用近似到第三近邻的紧束缚模型得到了 YBCO的体电子态密度 ,Cu O及 Cu O2 的表面态密度和表面投影能带 ,进而分析了 Cu O和 Cu O2 的表面态密度的特点及与体态密度的差别。     

单层柱状结构薄膜体散射的理论研究

电子束蒸发的单层光学薄膜具有明显的柱状结构,薄膜内部折射率的变化较大,由此引起的体散射现象也较明显。基于一阶电磁微扰理论,建立了单层光学薄膜的体散射理论模型,分析了膜层厚度、入射光偏振态、柱状结构因子、非均质性对体散射的影响。研究了纯柱状结构下,电子束蒸发的单层二氧化铪(Hf O2)薄膜体散射的角分布散射值(ARS)随着膜层厚度的变化规律,结果表明纯柱状结构Hf O2薄膜体散射的ARS量级与表面散射完全非相关模型的ARS值相近,并且在特定的膜厚范围内,体散射的ARS值随着膜厚的增大而增大。对于非均质性薄膜,当非均质性一定时,体散射的ARS值随着膜厚的增大而增大;当膜层厚度一定时,体散射的ARS值随着非均质性绝对值的增大而减小。     

质子散射对16O原子核α结构的检验

利用质子散射作为手段对¹⁶O的α粒子结构模型进行了检验.基于4α结构模型,对跨度整个中能区的质子与¹⁶O核的弹性角分布进行了无自由参数的计算.理论与实验基本符合.     

光学仪器 X射线、紫外线及其仪器

O434.12006032772基于平板模型的X射线散射特性研究=Scatter law of flatmodel[刊,中]/刘进(中物院流体物理研究所.四川,绵阳(621900)),刘军…∥强激光与粒子束.—2006,18(1).—173-176为了进一步研究高能X光散射的特性,以平板为模型,通过解析方法和蒙特卡罗(MC)数值模拟研究了X光散射的规律。研究结果表明,高能X光的散射以康普顿散射为主,当平板厚度相应的X光光程小于2.0时,平板散射中的一次康普顿散射超过75%;当达到探测器的散射照射量最大时,平板厚度相应的X光光程介于1.0与2.0之间。图3表2参5(严寒)光学仪器 X射线、紫外线及其仪…     

α粒子散射对16O集团结构的检验

以轻重离子⁴He散射作为手段,对¹⁶O原子核的集团结构进行了检验.并与传统的核子结构模型做了对比.本文结果对¹⁶O集团结构提供一个支持.     

Optical model analysis of90, 92, 94, 96Zr+4He elastic scattering at 35.4 MeV

The elastic scattering data of 35.4 MeV alpha particles from Zr-isotopes have been analysed using the optical model. Both the phenomenological and the folding model potentials have been employed in fitting the data with the optical model. The resultant systematics. concerning the volume integrals and the root mean square radii are summarized.     

Analysis of Optical Disk Readout Signal Deterioration Caused by Dust on the Substrate

A noise power spectrum estimation method is presented for optical disk readout signal influenced by dust on the substrate. The noise due to dust has been modeled using geometrical optics and assuming the Poisson distribution for the dust particles. The noise power spectrum consists of two components: one comes from the effect of individual dust particles passing across the light beam, and the other comes from the effect of overlapping area of a particle and the inverted image of another particle. The feasibility of a thin-substrate optical disk was studied using this model. Dust will not have a serious effect on the readout signal when a 0.6 mm-thick substrate is used in place of the conventional 1.2 mm-thick substrate.     

Elastic and inelastic scattering of 270 MeV3He particles from58Ni,90Zr,116Sn and208Pb

Differential cross-section angular distributions for the elastic scattering of 270 MeV³He particles from⁵⁸Ni,⁹⁰Zr,¹¹⁶Sn and²⁰⁸Pb have been measured. Optical model analysis of the cross-sections has yielded the optical model parameters for³He particles at 270 MeV. Angular distributions have also been measured for the inelastic excitation of the low-lying levels in the above mentioned nuclei. A collective model analysis using the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) of these cross-sections with the distorted waves generated by the optical model parameters determined from the elastic scattering analysis, has yielded the reduced transition probability (B(EL)) values consistent with those reported in the literature.     

Binding of Resonant Dielectric Particles to Metal Surfaces Using Plasmons

Forces between dielectric particles induced by optical fields can bind them into new systems, varying from optical molecules to large aggregates. Here it is shown that surface plasmons can bind resonant dielectric particles to the waveguiding surfaces resulting in stable levitation of the particles by the optical forces alone. At the same time, the particles can be propelled efficiently along the surface. The predictions follow from solving the 3D electromagnetic problem of plasmon scattering on a dielectric microsphere near the metal surface. To tackle the problem, an accurate and fast hybrid approach is developed: the fields are expanded into 2D angular components which are calculated using finite-difference time-domain simulations. The rigorous numerical results are also explained qualitatively using an analytically solvable model in which a resonant magnetic dipole illuminated by a plasmon interacts with the surface. The particle binding to surfaces is a remarkable outcome of the strong optical interaction at nanoscale and it may offer new configurations for particle manipulations by guided waves, especially in chip-scale structures.     

Effect of particles size on the optical constants of iron/polystyrene composites via UV-radiation

The present study deals with the optical characteristics of polystyrene (PS) composites containing iron particles of different sizes: 5, 40, 110, and 250 μm. The optical absorption spectra were collected in the wavelength range 300–800 nm using a UV-spectrophotometer. The optical results obtained were analyzed in terms of the absorption formula for non-crystalline materials. The optical energy gap and other basic optical constants such as refractive index, dielectric constants, and optical conductivity were investigated and showed a clear dependence on the iron particles size. It was found that the optical energy gap for the iron-filled composites is less than that for the neat PS, and it decreases as the iron particle size decreases. The refractive index of the prepared composites was determined from the collected transmittance and reflectance spectra. It was found that the calculated dielectric constant and refractive index of the composites increase when the iron particles size decreases. The optical dispersion behavior of the composites was described by the single-oscillator model. Enhancement in the optical conductivity was observed with decreasing the iron particles size.     

Study of dispersion and absorption of an ensemble of spherical particles inside an optical cavity and new possibilities of predicting the optical characteristics of biological media by intracavity laser spectroscopy

Optical characteristics, namely, dispersion and absorption spectra of an ensemble of spherical particles randomly oriented inside an optical cavity are investigated. The study is based on the self-consistent matching of new data from the inhomogeneous optical cavity with data from the scattering of an ensemble of spherical particles of different size, randomly oriented in free space. As a result, a new model, which self-consistently accounts for multiple scattering in the optical cavity, has been developed to predict absorption and dispersion of ensembles of spherical particles. This model is supposed to enhance potentiality of the intracavity method for plotting wavelength dependences of optical characteristics of media. A specific calculation of dispersion and absorption dependences on the wavelength shows that this method can be used for investigation of biological media consisting of spherical particles, in particular, erythrocyte suspension.     

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of metallic gold nanoparticles

The optical properties of supported gold nanoparticles with sizes of 1.3 nm, 1.6 nm, 2.5 nm, and 2.9 nm have been studies by using cavity ring-down spectroscopy in the photon energy range between 1.8 eV and 3.0 eV. The obtained results show the possibility to obtain optical information of nanoassembled materials with high sensitivity. The experimental findings are compared to calculations using Mie-Drude theory. Whereas the broadening of the surface plasmon resonance with decreasing size is well described by this model, the observed blue-shift of the surface plasmon resonance contradicts the predictions of the Mie-Drude theory. The latter effect can be explained by the presence of a skin region with decreased polarizability typical for coinage metal particles. Furthermore, it is found that the supported gold nanoparticles are robust under ambient conditions, an important issue when using these materials for optical applications.     

Computer simulation of the collision frequency of two particles in optical tweezers

Optical tweezers have been successfully used in the study of colloid science. In most applications people are concerned with the behaviour of a single particle held in the optical tweezers. Recently, the ability of the optical tweezers to simultaneously hold two particles has been used to determine the stability ratio of colloidal dispersion. This new development stimulates the efforts to explore the characteristics of a two-particle system in the optical tweezers.An infinite spherical potential well has been used to estimate the collision frequency for two particles in the optical trap based on a Monte Carlo simulation. In this article, a more reasonable harmonic potential, commonly accepted for the optical tweezers, is adopted in a Monte Carlo simulation of the collision frequency. The effect of hydrodynamic interaction of particles in the trap is also considered. The simulation results based on this improved model show quantitatively that the collision frequency drops down sharply at first and then decreases slowly as the distance between the two particles increases. The simulation also shows how the collision frequency is related to the stiffness of the optical tweezers.     

Multifocal optical trapping using counter-propagating radially-polarized beams

A model of optical tweezers which can trap a chain of Rayleigh particles is proposed by using two counter-propagating equal highly focused radial polarized beams. Calculations show that a multifocal distribution along the optical axis is formed and the scattering force is equal to zero in the total focal filed, consequently a chain of metallic Rayleigh particles can be stably trapped. The trap force and the trap stiffness using two counter-propagating Radially-polarized beams are larger than those using two counter-propagating linearly-polarized beams. The trapping stability is calculated and analyzed in detail. The trapping number of particles in a trapping chain can be controlled by adjusting the aperture angle of the objective and the parameters of the filter used in the proposed trap system.     

随机取向烟尘团簇粒子的光学截面的数值计算

采用蒙特卡罗方法根据团簇—团簇凝聚（CCA）模型对由球形原始微粒凝聚而成的烟尘团簇粒子进行了模拟,利用离散偶极子近似（DDA）方法数值计算了不同原始微粒粒径和数目组成的随机取向的烟尘团簇粒子的总消光截面、吸收截面及散射截面等光学特性参数,研究了原始微粒粒径及数目对随机取向烟尘团簇粒子光学特性的影响。结果表明：当入射波长一定时,随机取向烟尘団簇粒子的光学特性主要取决于原始微粒的粒径和数目;烟尘团簇粒子对不同波段激光的吸收和散射存在差别,这种差别随原始微粒粒径及数目变化而变化。这一工作为研究电磁波在烟尘中的传输特性提供重要参考数据。