Detection of UV light based on chemically stimulated luminescence of crystal phosphors

High-efficiency accommodation of heterogeneous-reaction energy via an electronic channel and the possibility of using this effect to design an ionizing (UV) radiation detector based on chemically stimulated luminescence have been investigated. Preliminary irradiation of a ZnS sample by UV light is found to cause a luminescence flash under subsequent exposure of the sample surface to a flux of hydrogen atoms. The flash intensity depends on the UV excitation level and increases by several orders of magnitude in comparison with an unirradiated sample. It is shown that a new method for detecting UV light using chemically stimulated luminescence of crystal phosphors accumulating light yield can be developed based on this effect.     

散射大气对脉冲紫外光传输时间特性研究

介绍基于椭球坐标系的单次散射近似模型基础上,定量分析脉冲紫外光在散射大气中传输特性,具体讨论了传输距离及能见度等因素对脉冲紫外光传输特性的影响。最后开展了脉冲紫外光展宽初步实验研究,其实验结果与单次近似结果符合较好,从而指导了紫外光信息传输系统的设计工作。     

A time-of-flight spectrometer for angle-resolved detection of low energy electrons in two dimensions

We have developed a time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer that simultaneously analyzes low energy electrons photoemitted from solid surfaces in an energy- and angle-resolved manner. To achieve this, a field free drift tube with an acceptance angle of 22° is combined with two-dimensional position-sensitive detection of photoelectrons, which is realized by a microchannel plate stack and a delay-line anode for position encoding. Here, we present the design considerations and principles of operation including analysis of multiple events per light pulse. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated by photoemission from a Cu(111) single crystalline surface by UV femtosecond laser pulses at 6.2 eV photon energy. PACS 71.20.-b; 73.20.At; 78.47.J-; 79.60.-i     

从玻尔假说到发光原理

光是电磁波,发光即产生电磁波或光辐射,发光物理是发光材料创新设计和应用的理论基础.本文从玻尔假说出发,通过分析真空中和非真空中的孤立原子的能级和各类跃迁阐述发光的基本原理,通过分析非孤立原子激发态的能量传递阐述量子剪裁发光和上转换发光物理机制,通过介绍与发光有关的诺贝尔奖让学生了解该领域的最新进展,实现大学物理教学中从基础到前沿的跨越.     

可见光靶源光学系统的设计与分析

飞机侦察系统性能判断是通过野外与实验室测试两种方式进行验证的。在实验室建立可见光靶源,放置在二维转台上,利用卤素灯、美军标靶源、光学系统模拟远距离目标,在规定的技术指标的基础上,设计出可见光靶源光学系统。通过光路设计、温度场分析,计算出光路束散角,设计出光阑孔,分析温度变化对光学镜片的影响,通过精密测微自准直仪检测,所有形变量均为微米级,验证了其光学设计的可靠性,满足飞机侦察系统的测试要求。     

基于定抛物面调制的直下式匀光照明透镜设计

对于近场大角度的匀光照明系统,透镜的一般设计方法是采用内表面为球形的自由曲面透镜设计,计算的自由曲面透镜只需考虑一次折射。但是当角度达到一定范围时,在透镜的内表面容易发生全反射,导致目标面照度不均匀。为了在近场照明系统中得到更大角度的配光,提出一种以合适的抛物面作为自由曲面透镜的内表面的设计方法,内抛物面先对光源的能量进行一次扩散,再计算自由曲面面型,通过模拟仿真,实现了在距离光源15 mm处形成半径40 mm的光斑,均匀度达到95%,能量利用率达到97.8%,相对于传统的直下式透镜,提高了照明的均匀度,同时减少了箱体的厚度。     

紫外像增强器分辨力和视场质量测试技术研究

为了对紫外像增强器的光学成像特性和视场质量进行分析,提出一种紫外像增强器分辨力和视场质量的测试方法。该方法是在具有典型波长254 nm的紫外光辐射光阴极的条件下,给像增强器施加工作电压,将测试分划靶聚焦在同轴反射式光学系统的焦面上,图像被缩小3倍并成于像增强器荧光屏上,通过调节物镜和目镜将图像调节清晰可见,借助放大30倍的视频显微镜观察图像能分辨的最低线对就是分辨力;用数码相机对荧光屏所成像进行拍照,经图像处理软件对所成像进行疵点大小和分区划分,给出视场质量测试结果。通过建立该测试装置,进行试验和结果分析,测量精度约5%。     

The characterization of non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communication in non-common-scattering volume

We studied ultraviolet communication characterization in non-common-scattering volume using multiple scattering model based on Monte Carlo method, including impulse response bandwidth, energy intensity, and path loss. An outdoor testbed using a low pressure-mercury lamp was set up to provide support for the correctness of the simulation model. This work is complementary to UV communication characterization in common volume. It is useful in UV system design, networks technology and weaker UV signal detecting in non-common-scattering volume.     

一种用于大气探测的紫外成像仪光学系统设计

提出了一种将全景成像系统应用到大气临边探测的光学系统设计方案。首先考虑到特殊的工作波段以及创新性应用,根据应用技术指标,在传统全景环形透镜的基础上,结合探测器尺寸限制,精细调整四个球面的曲率半径,以便得到最佳光学传递函数。然后基于像差理论设计中继镜组系统,补偿全景环形透镜产生的像差,采用折射率n以及阿贝常数ν不同的双分离的正负透镜组合,负透镜采用熔石英,正透镜采用氟化钙,从而使色差最小。最后运用CODE-V光学设计软件对系统进行优化,列出重要的公差参数,为后续加工装调提出要求。优化结果表明,光学系统在各个视场的光学传递函数均达到了0.7以上,各视场能量集中度为80%的弥散圆直径均小于11 μm,完全满足设计指标要求,也证明了将全景环形成像系统应用到紫外波段大气临边探测的方案是可行的。     

紫外像增强器分辨力校准装置与方法研究

紫外像增强器作为导弹紫外告警系统、紫外预警系统以及各类紫外辐射监测系统的核心部件，其参数准确与否，直接影响到系统的图像质量。为保证测试数据的准确性，研制紫外像增强器分辨力校准装置，校准装置所用紫外光源是波长范围为200 nm～400 nm的紫外光，相对应的分辨力靶、滤光处、光学成像系统均要求能够透射紫外光，由于紫外波长较短，容易引起散射效应而产生大量的杂散光，设计的分辨力靶采用紫外级石英，紫外光学成像系统采用透射式结构，选用同轴共轭透镜作为紫外光学成像系统。实验和测量不确定度分析验证校准装置的测量不确定度为5%。     

Photonic crystal devices

We developed photochemically controlled photonic crystals which may be useful in novel recordable and erasable memories and/or display devices. These materials can operate in the UV, visible or near IR spectral regions. Information is recorded and erased by exciting the photonic crystal with ∼ 360 nm UV light or ∼ 480 nm visible light. The recorded information is read out by measuring the photonic crystal diffraction wavelength. The active element of the device is an azobenzene functionalized hydrogel which contains an embedded crystalline colloidal array. UV excitation forms cis-azobenzene while visible excitation forms trans-azobenzene. Larger dipole moment of the cis-form results in decrease of the free energy of mixing which causes the hydrogel to swell and to red-shift the photonic crystal diffraction with a 36 s time constant. We also observed fast ms and sub-ms transient dynamics associated with convection due to heating of the medium by UV excitation. Convective motion of the medium stretches the PCCA for about 6 μs within which the convection decays and the elastic restoring force of the PCCA brings back the stretched PCCA to its equilibrium state with 33 μs time constant. Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Ionic Devices, Anna University, Chennai, India, Nov. 28–30, 2003.     

立体成型中紫外光能量场的分布研究

基于光的波动理论,对紫外光立体成型技术中的聚焦光能量场进行了深入的理论分析,阐明了点光源所辐射的连续球面波在凹椭球面上的反射聚焦理论及反射光波场轴向和侧向的能量分布形式近似于高斯分布;同时从实验分析角度研究得出,经光纤耦合传输及透镜聚焦至树脂液面的光能量也基本上呈高斯分布;研究为立体成型技术中有效地利用紫外点光源的辐射能和提高成型精度,提供了充分的理论依据,对紫外光立体成型的实际光学系统的设计也具有重要的指导作用.     

Abnormal phenomenon of source-drain current of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure device under UV/visible light irradiation

We report an abnormal phenomenon that the source-drain current (I_D) of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure devices decreases under visible light irradiation. When the incident light wavelength is 390 nm, the photon energy is less than the band gaps of GaN and AlGaN whereas it can causes an increase of I_D. Based on the UV light irradiation, a decrease of I_D can still be observed when turning on the visible light. We speculate that this abnormal phenomenon is related to the surface barrier height, the unionized donor-like surface states below the surface Fermi level and the ionized donor-like surface states above the surface Fermi level. For visible light, its photon energy is less than the surface barrier height of the AlGaN layer. The electrons bound in the donor-like surface states below the Fermi level are excited and trapped by the ionized donor-like surface states between the Fermi level and the conduction band of AlGaN. The electrons trapped in ionized donor-like surface states show a long relaxation time, and the newly ionized donor-like surface states below the surface Fermi level are filled with electrons from the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel at AlGaN/GaN interface, which causes the decrease of I_D. For the UV light, when its photon energy is larger than the surface barrier height of the AlGaN layer, electrons in the donor-like surface states below the Fermi level are excited to the conduction band and then drift into the 2DEG channel quickly, which cause the increase of I_D.     

COB光源的窄光束均匀照明设计

为了解决高功率白光LED光源输出高均匀度窄光束的问题,设计了一种由复合抛物面反射器、菲涅尔透镜和非球面透镜组成的照明系统。设计中以板上芯片型（COB）集成光源的配光曲线为依据构建光源仿真模型,由复合抛物面反射器实现大角度光线初次会聚之后,再由菲涅尔透镜控制溢散光,最后利用非球面透镜进行准直配光。采用TracePro进行蒙特卡洛光线追迹,根据仿真得到的系统性能指标,并研制出实物装置进行实验测试。最终测试结果表明:窄光束均匀照明系统可以输出±7.9°的光束,并且在距离系统出光面0.7 m左右的区域形成均匀度超过96%的圆形光斑,整体光效达到60%。     

用荧光光谱鉴别白酒

在对乙醇、甲醇等醇类溶液荧光光谱特性进行研究的基础上, 应用美国Roper-Scientific公司SP-2558多功能光谱测量系统, 对50多种品牌白酒及其年份酒在紫外光激励下的荧光光谱进行了检测。结果表明, 白酒在紫外光激励下能产生较强的荧光, 各品牌白酒及其年份酒的荧光光谱各有明确的特征。实验测得其三维荧光光谱, 由此构建了白酒荧光光谱指纹图库。分析各荧光光谱的特征, 以谱峰个数、峰值波长、最佳激励波长等特征值创建了各品牌年份白酒荧光光谱特征数据库。利用SQL 数据库软件和VB语言研制成一个能对白酒进行自动比对、识别的白酒荧光光谱智能鉴别系统,实现了白酒的智能化鉴别。研究结果发挥荧光光谱分析灵敏度高、准确度高和样品用量少、不需前期处理等优点, 为白酒检测、鉴别提供了一种有效的新方法, 能应用于白酒企业生产管理及白酒消费市场监督, 并为已引起广泛关注的酒类食品安全监管提供帮助。     

光强连续可调的圆偏振光衰减器

利用1/4波片及偏光棱镜,设计了光强连续可调的圆偏振光衰减器,通过该器件可获得偏振度高且光强连续可调的圆偏振光.该衰减器解决了632.8 nm多膜氦氖激光器出射光为非完全自然光且偏振面随时间做随机变化导致实验误差的问题,为偏光信息测试系统提供了相对稳定的激光光源.     

Exciplex formation and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes

We investigated the formation of exciplex and electroluminescent absorption in ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes(UV OLEDs) using different heterojunction structures.It is found that an energy barrier of over 0.3 eV between the emissive layer(EML) and adjacent transport layer facilitates exciplex formation.The electron blocking layer effectively confines electrons in the EML,which contributes to pure UV emission and enhances efficiency.The change in EML thickness generates tunable UV emission from 376 nm to 406 nm.In addition,the UV emission excites low-energy organic function layers and produces photoluminescent emission.In UV OLED,avoiding the exciplex formation and averting light absorption can effectively improve the purity and efficiency.A maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.2%with a UV emission peak of 376 nm is realized.     

Rapid laser fabrication of microlens array using colorless liquid photopolymer for AMOLED devices

Microlens array (MLA) is microfabricated using Ultra Violet (UV) laser for display device applications. A colorless liquid photopolymer, Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) 60, is spin-coated and pre-cured via UV light for completing the laser process. The laser energy controlled by a galvano scanner is radiated on the surface of the NOA 60. A rapid thermal volume expansion inside the material creates microlens array when the Gaussian laser energy is absorbed. The fabrication process conditions for various shapes and densities of MLA using a non-contact surface profiler are investigated. Furthermore, we analyze the optical and display characteristics for the Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) devices. Optimized condition furnishes the OLED with the enhancement of light emission by 15%. We show that UV laser technique, which is installed with NOA 60 MLA layer, is eligible for improving the performance of the next generation display devices.     

Research on the resolution of micro stereo lithography

Micro stereo lithography is a kind of technology utilizing the solidified effect that photo curable polymer will appear under ultraviolet （UV） laser exposure. It is widely used in three-dimensional （3D） micro fabrication. We get the experimental values of a pair of UV laser curing coefficients, absorption coefficient and critical curing energy, of curable resin by fitting the calculation results of the Gaussian beam theory and experimental curing results. The theoretical relation between the curing unit＇s shape and the exposure features of time and intensity of convergent Gaussian beam is presented. The calculation and experimental results of curing unit under different conditions agree well with each other. This research offers a steady base for further research about the improvement of resolution.     

光固化成型中紫外光源-光纤耦合研究

CPS(Compact Prototyping System)光固化成型系统中,以紫外灯作为光源,通过光纤传输紫外光到液面,进行扫描成型.光源通过椭球反射镜集光,在焦点处与光纤耦合,提高了光源-光纤的耦合效率,在实际的光源-光纤耦合中,光纤的装配存在着角度误差、离焦误差、离轴误差三种形式,这些误差影响传输光束的传输效率.在光纤的输出端,聚焦透镜将紫外光汇聚,光斑尺寸更小,能量更加集中.CPS成型机中使用的紫外光的能量并不是均匀分布的,光斑的中心能量高,边缘能量低,不同的能量分布影响树脂固化的形貌和质量.