Effect of Yb on red to blue conversion fluorescence of Tm in fluorozirconate glass

The mechanisms governing the upconversion fluorescence from the ¹G₄ level of Tm³⁺ ions have been investigated in fluorozirconate glass doped with Tm³⁺ only and codoped with Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions, under 649 (³H₄→¹G₄) and 684 nm (³H₆→³F₃) excitation wavelengths. The emission intensity depends on the excitation power quadratically in both samples, showing the two-photon absorption nature of the processes. An enhancement of the ¹G₄→³H₆ emission was observed in the codoped sample under 684 nm excitation. The upconversion emission in the single doped sample is mainly due to the E.S.A. process upon both excitations. The dominant mechanism was found to be the energy transfer processes between Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions in the codoped sample when the excitation was tuned at 684 nm. The upconverted emission intensity shows a different temperature dependence under the two excitations in the codoped sample. However, for the 649 nm excitation the dependence is the same in both samples. This confirms the dominance of the E.S.A. process under 649 nm excitation in both, singly and doubly doped samples.     

Electronic and vibronic spectra of Pr in LiYF4

The polarized absorption and fluorescence spectra of Pr³⁺ in single crystals of LiYF₄ having the scheelite structure have been investigated and assignments made on the basis of S₄ site symmetry. Strong vibronic coupling associated with the ³H₄→³H₅, ¹D₂ transitions in absorption and the ³P₀→³H_4,6 transitions in fluorescence was observed. Using selection rules for vibronic coupling and the known k = 0 phonons, these “extra” features of the spectrum can be accounted for in polarization and frequency.     

橙红色荧光粉Ca3Y2Si3O12：Sm3+的制备及发光特性

采用高温固相法在1 400 ℃下经二次煅烧合成了橙红色荧光粉Ca₃Y_2-xSi₃O₁₂：xSm³⁺,研究了Sm³⁺离子掺杂浓度及助熔剂对荧光粉发光性能的影响。XRD结果显示,所合成的荧光粉的主晶相为Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂。荧光光谱分析表明,Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂：Sm³⁺硅酸盐荧光粉可以在320~500 nm范围内得到有效激发,并发射橙红光。在402 nm激发下,样品发射光谱中的主发射峰分别位于562 nm（⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2）、598 nm（⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2）和646 nm（⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2）,其中598 nm处峰值最大。改变Sm³⁺离子掺杂浓度发现：荧光粉发光强度先增大后减小,最佳Sm³⁺掺杂量x（Sm³⁺）为5%,浓度猝灭机理为离子间的相互作用。讨论了几种助熔剂的影响,NH₄F、CaF₂和NaCl均降低荧光粉的发光强度,只有H₃BO₃能够显著增强样品的发光,其最佳掺杂质量分数为1%。     

稀土掺杂的NaGdF4上转换发光材料的合成与发光特性研究

采用水热法制备了一系列不同掺杂浓度的NaGdF₄:Re(Re=Tm³⁺,Er³⁺,Yb³⁺)上转换发光粉。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、电子扫描电镜(SEM)和上转换发射光谱对样品进行了表征。XRD研究结果表明:合成的样品均为六方结构NaGdF₄。估算的平均晶粒尺寸为41~43 nm。在980 nm红外光激发下,Er³⁺和Yb³⁺共掺杂的NaGdF₄发光粉发出分别来自于Er³⁺离子²H_{11/ 2},⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2跃迁的绿光和⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2跃迁的红光发射,Tm³⁺和Yb³⁺共掺杂的NaGdF₄发光粉发出分别来自Tm³⁺离子的¹G₄→³H₆跃迁的蓝光、¹G₄→³F₄和³F_2,3→³H₆跃迁的红光和³H₄→³H₆跃迁的近红外光发射。Er³⁺,Tm³⁺和Yb³⁺共掺杂的NaGdF₄发光粉的发光强度及红、绿、蓝光发射的相对强度受Yb³⁺离子掺杂浓度的影响。对样品中可能的上转换发光机制进行了讨论。计算的色坐标显示:可通过改变掺杂离子浓度对上转换发光的颜色进行调控。     

Steady state and transient fluorescence studies of CaF2: Dy single crystals

The steady state and transient fluorescence spectra of CaF₂: Dy³⁺ have been studied using Ar⁺ and N₂ lasers in the temperature range 77–673 K and in the wavelength region 4500–9000 Å. The spectra show the presence of two types of centers (type A and type B) with decay times of 1.3 and 3.5 ms. The observed spectrum is mostly due to type A centers. Three new groups of fluorescence ⁴F_9/2−⁶H_11/2, ⁴F_9/2−(⁶H_9/2, ⁶F_11/2) and ⁴F_9/2−(⁶H_7/2, ⁶F_9/2) have been observed for type A centers, and a tentative assignment of the positions of the Stark levels of ⁶H_11/2, (⁶H_9/2, ⁶F_11/2) and (⁶H_7/2, ⁶F_9/2) has been made. The change in the intensity of the transitions with temperature and excitation wavelength are discussed.     

Tm3+浓度对Y2（MoO4）3：Tm3+，Yb3+荧光粉上转换发光性质的影响

采用传统的高温固相反应法合成了Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺杂Y₂（MoO₄）₃系列荧光粉。XRD结果表明合成的样品为相纯度好的Y₂（MoO₄）₃。在980 nm光激发下,样品具有较强的位于487 nm和800 nm的蓝色和近红外发射,同时伴有较弱的位于649 nm的红光发射。它们分别来自于Tm³⁺的¹G₄→³H₆、³H₄→³H₆和¹G₄→³F₄跃迁。根据功率相关的上转换发射和能级图分析了Tm³⁺的上转换发光机制。结果表明,¹G₄和³H₄能级的布居分别来自于三光子和两光子的能量传递上转换。此外,随着Tm³⁺浓度的增加,蓝色、红色和近红外发射带均呈先增加后降低的趋势,即发生了浓度猝灭。同时,蓝光发射和近红外发射的强度比随Tm³⁺掺杂浓度的增加而减小。     

ErP5O14非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁

研究了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄铒非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁现象. 从吸收谱和激发光谱的计算比较中肯定了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶 玻璃的1537.0 nm红外荧光为多光子量子剪裁荧光. 从Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃的可见和红外荧光发射光谱中发现激发²H_11/2, ⁴G_11/2和⁴G_9/2能级所导致的⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2量子剪裁红外荧光很强;基于自发辐射速率、无辐射弛豫速率和能量传递速率等参数的计算,对其量子剪裁机理进行了分析.发现起源于基态的强下转换能量传递{²H_11/2→⁴I_9/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2},{⁴G_11/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2},{⁴G_9/2→⁴F_7/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2}和{⁴G_9/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2}是导致Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃具有强的三光子和四光子量子剪裁红外荧光的原因.研究结果对改善太阳能电池效率有一定意义.     

Tm-to-Ho resonant and nonresonant energy transfer in LiYF4

Absorption and luminescence measurements of Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions in LiYF₄:Tm³⁺, LiYF₄:Ho³⁺ and LiYF₄:Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺ crystals were carried out. The data collected were used to determine the Ho³⁺ absorption coefficient integral for ⁵I₈→⁵I₇ transition, and the overlap integral between the normalized Tm³⁺ luminescence spectrum due to the ³F₄→³H₆ transition and the Ho³⁺ absorption band due to ⁵I₈→⁵I₇ transition. The relevant critical transfer distance (R_o), that gives a measure of the Tm³⁺–Ho³⁺ coupling, was determined considering the Förster type interaction between the ions. It was found to be 22.5 Å and 28.8 Å at 300 and 78 K, respectively.     

Na_2CaSiO_4:Sm~(3+),Eu~(3+)荧光粉的发光特性和能量传递

利用高温固相法合成Na_2CaSiO_4:Sm~(3+),Eu~(3+)系列荧光粉末,研究了Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)掺杂对Na_2CaSiO_4晶体结构的影响、材料发光特性以及存在的能量传递现象.X射线衍射结果表明Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)单掺及共掺样品均为单相的Na_2CaSiO_4结构,晶体结构没有改变.Na_2CaSiO_4:Sm~(3+)荧光样品在404 nm激发波长下呈现峰峰值为602 nm的橙红色荧光,来源于~4G_(5/2)→~6H_(7/2)跃迁.Na_2CaSiO_4:Eu~(3+)荧光样品在395 nm激发波长下发射出峰峰值为613 nm的红色荧光.对光谱和荧光寿命的测试和分析结果表明Sm~(3+)与Eu~(3+)之间存在能量传递,通过理论计算得到Sm~(3+)和Eu~(3+)之间的能量传递临界距离为1.36 nm,相互作用形式为电四极-电四极相互作用.随着Eu~(3+)掺杂浓度的增加,能量传递效率也逐渐提高至20.6%.     

Ca3Y2Si3O12：Tm3+,Yb3+上转换发光粉的制备与发光性能研究

采用高温固相法成功制备了Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂：Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺上转换蓝色发光材料。在980 nm 红外激光器激发下,发光粉呈现强烈的蓝光（475 nm）和近红外光（810 nm）以及较弱的红光（650 nm）发射,分别归因于Tm³⁺离子的¹G₄→³H₆、³H₄→³H₆和¹G₄→³F₄能级跃迁。随着Yb³⁺离子浓度的增加,发光粉上转换发射强度和发光亮度均呈现先增强后减弱的变化趋势。在最佳掺杂浓度下（Yb³⁺摩尔分数为15%）,蓝、红光强度分支比为12：1,色坐标为（0.129 2,0.152 3）。在3.9 W/cm²激发功率密度下,发光亮度可达6.8 cd/m²。上述结果证实,所制备发光粉呈现优异的蓝光上转换发射特性并具有潜在的应用价值。发光强度和激发光功率关系表明,所得上转换发射为三光子和双光子吸收过程。借助Tm-Yb体系能级结构详细讨论了上转换发射的跃迁机制。     

YNbO4：Tm3+/Yb3+上转换发光特性研究

按照50Nb₂O₅-（46-x）Y₂O₃-4Yb₂O₃-xTm₂O₃（x=0.1,0.2,0.5,1,2）的配比方式,采用高温固相法制备出了掺杂Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺的YNbO₄晶体粉末。在980 nm红外光激发下,观测到波长为478,645,707 nm的上转换荧光,分别对应于Tm³⁺离子的¹G₄→³H₆、¹G₄→³F₄、³F₃→³H₆能级跃迁过程。利用上转换发射功率与980 nm激光器工作电流关系估算出跃迁过程吸收光子数目为2.72,2.69,2.01,从而确定出前两者为三光子吸收过程,最后一个对应于双光子吸收过程。运用Judd-Ofelt理论研究样品光谱特性,根据样品的吸收谱得到样品的谱线强度参数Ω_t（t=2,4,6）,进而得出理论振子强度及实验振子强度,二者均方根偏差δ_rms=1.299×10^-7。计算了Tm³⁺离子向下能级跃迁的跃迁几率、跃迁分支比等参数。最后得出结论：（1）³F₄能级寿命较长,适合作为上转换中间能级;（2）³H₅能级寿命较长,且³H₅→³H₆跃迁分支比（96.46%）接近100%,可用于产生1 216 nm激光。     

Sm3+掺杂的SnNb2O6粉体的光谱特性

采用熔盐法制备了Sm³⁺掺杂的SnNb₂O₆粉体, 利用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜对其物相和形貌进行了表征, 用激发、发射光谱和荧光寿命对样品的发光性能进行了研究.结果表明:所得样品为单斜晶系的SnNb₂O₆, 在407 nm的激发下, 有较强的橙红色发射, 最强峰位于599 nm, 属于Sm³⁺的⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2跃迁.     

Green and red up-conversion emissions of Er–Yb Co-doped TiO2 nanocrystals prepared by sol–gel method

In this paper, green and red up-conversion emissions of Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ co-doped TiO₂ nanocrystals were reported. The phase structure, particle size and optical properties of Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ co-doped TiO₂ nanocrystals samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Green and red up-conversion emissions in the range of 520–570 nm (²H_11/2, ⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2) and 640–690 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2) were observed for the Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ co-doped TiO₂ nanocrystals. The visible up-conversion mechanism and temperature dependence of up-conversion emission for Er³⁺ in TiO₂ nanocrystals were discussed in detail.     

Excitation mechanisms and effects of dopant concentration in Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor

Gadolinium oxysulfide powders doped with different Tb³⁺ concentrations were prepared from sulfur vaporization on rare earths’ basic carbonate precursors. Single-phase Gd₂O₂S samples were obtained, with Tb³⁺ doping up to 9 at%. The study of the excitation mechanisms revealed that the Tb³⁺ emission might occur after the direct Tb³⁺ excitation either by energy transfer from Gd³⁺ or from the phosphor host. The characteristic terbium emission lines were observed, resulting from the radiative decay from ⁵D₃ or ⁵D₄ to ⁷F_j levels. The cross-relaxation phenomenon was observed and its effects on the materials emission color were discussed based on the CIE diagram. By using time-resolved spectroscopy, ⁵D₃→⁷F_J and ⁵D₄→⁷F_J transitions were separated.     

Investigation of 1.3 μm emission in Nd-doped bismuth-based oxide glasses

Nd₂O₃-doped 43Bi₂O₃–xB₂O₃–(57−x)SiO₂–1.0Nd₂O₃ (x=57, 47, 39, 28.5, 19.5, 10, 0 mol%) bismuth glasses were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method, and the Nd³⁺: ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_13/2 fluorescence properties had been studied in an oxide system Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–SiO₂. The Judd–Ofelt analysis for Nd³⁺ ions in bismuth boron silicate glasses was also performed on the basis of absorption spectrum, and the transition probabilities, excited-state lifetimes, the fluorescence branching ratios, quantum efficiency and the stimulated emission cross-sections of ⁴F_3/2→⁴I_13/2 transition were calculated and discussed. The stimulated emission cross-sections of 1.3 μm were quite large due to a large refractive index of the host. Although the effective bandwidths decreased with increasing SiO₂ content, quantum efficiencies and stimulated emission cross-sections enhanced largely with increasing SiO₂ content.     

Optical properties and local structure of Eu-doped synthetic analogue of the microporous titanosilicate mineral sitinakite

The synthetic analogue of the microporous titanosilicate mineral sitinakite has been hydrothermally synthesized and used as a host in the preparation of a new photoluminescent material. The inclusion of Eu³⁺ in the pores of the sitinakite doubles the unit cell volume and changes the symmetry of the initial sodium phase. The Eu³⁺-doped material displays a stable room temperature emission ascribed to the Eu³⁺ intra-4f^{6 5}D₀→⁷F₀₋₄ transitions, with a maximum external quantum yield of 6%. The observation of two components for the non-degenerated ⁵D₀→⁷F₀ transition, the local field splitting of the ⁵D₀→⁷F₁₋₂ transitions, and the ⁵D₀ emission decay curves point out the presence of two optically active Eu³⁺ sites. Possible structural distribution of the detected Eu³⁺ cations is discussed.     

UPCONVERSION FLUORESCENCE DYNAMICS OF Tm3+ IONS IN LiYF4 CRYSTAL

According to Judd-Ofelt parameter calculation and energy transfer theory, the cross-relaxation process of the Tm³⁺ ions is investigated. A four-level system of coupled rate equations is established to study the fluorescence dynamics of Tm³⁺ in LiYF₄ crystal. Attentions are focused on the upconversion luminescence ¹G₄→³H₆ (483.0 nm) in Tm³⁺:LiYF₄. The relationship between the avalanche properties (critical pump rate, fluorescence intensity and buildup time) originated by resonant excited state absorption and the doped Tm³⁺ concentration is discussed, and some useful conclusions are drawn.     

近紫外光激发黄色荧光粉Ba3Y4O9：Dy3+的制备及发光特性

通过高温固相法合成了一系列Ba₃Y_4-xO₉：xDy³⁺荧光粉材料。利用X射线粉末衍射、荧光光谱和荧光寿命对样品进行了表征。实验表明,样品的激发光谱由一系列线状峰组成,峰值分别位于328,355,368,386,427,456,471 nm。在355 nm激发下,荧光粉在490 nm（⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2）和580 nm（⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2）处有很强的发射,发射光谱的色坐标位于黄光区域。研究了不同Dy³⁺掺杂浓度对样品发光性质的影响,发现样品的发光随着Dy³⁺浓度的增大而增强,但光谱形状基本保持不变,表明Dy³⁺占据了基质中低对称性的Y³⁺格位。当Dy³⁺摩尔分数x=0.08时出现发光强度猝灭现象,浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用。样品的发光寿命随着Dy³⁺浓度的增大逐渐减小,进一步证明了Dy³⁺离子之间存在着能量传递现象。Ba₃Y₄O₉：Dy³⁺荧光粉的发光位于黄光区域,有较好的热稳定性,是潜在的白光LED用荧光粉材料。     

Effect of WO3 on the spectroscopic properties in Er/Yb co-doped bismuth–borate glasses

The spectroscopic properties of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–WO₃ (BBW) glasses were analyzed and discussed. The effect of WO₃ content on the absorption spectra, the Judd–Ofelt parameters Ω_t (t=2, 4, 6), emission spectra and the lifetime of the ⁴I_13/2 level and the quantum efficiency of Er³⁺:⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 transition were also investigated. With the substitution of WO₃ for B₂O₃, the measured lifetime of the ⁴I_13/2 level and the quantum efficiency of Er³⁺:⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2 transition increase from 0.98 to 1.31 ms and from 38.2% to 49.2%, respectively. The effective width of emission band and the emission cross-section both decrease slightly. And the emission spectra is analyzed via the different curve (σ_e−σ_a) of BBW glasses, the influence of OH⁻is also discussed.     

Tm3+-Yb3+共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃和光纤的光谱特性

研究了Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃和光纤在980nm激光二极管激发下的可见与近红外光谱性质.室温下,Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃在480,800nm处观测到了很强的上转换发光,在650nm观测到一较弱的上转换发光,它们分别来自Tm³⁺离子的¹G₄^→3H₆,³H₄^{→ 3}H₆和¹G₄^{→ 3}F₄跃迁;在1020,1810nm处观测到近红外发射,它们分别属于Yb³⁺离子的²F_5/2^→2F_7/2跃迁和Tm³⁺离子的³F₄^→3H₆跃迁.研究了其发光特性与Tm³⁺及Yb³⁺的浓度的依赖关系.此外,在980nm激光激发下,还观测到Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺杂的碲酸盐玻璃光纤在1060,1470,1910nm附近的近红外发射.详细讨论了其发光机制,该材料可望用于制作蓝色上转换光纤激光器、S-波段光纤放大器以及在医疗诊断和遥感中有着广泛的应用的1.9μm光纤激光器.