Silicalite-1 growth from clear solution: Effect of alcohol identity and content on growth kinetics

In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to investigate the influence of alcohol identity and content on silicalite-1 growth from clear solutions at 368 K. Several tetraalkyl orthosilicates (Si(OR)4, R = Me, Pr, and Bu) are used to synthesize silicalite-1 from clear solution mixtures comparable to those previously investigated (i.e. 1:0.36:20 TEOS:TPAOH:H2O (TEOS = tetraethyl orthosilicate; TPAOH = tetrapropylammonium hydroxide), 368 K). All TPAOH-organosiloxane mixtures studied form silica nanoparticles after aging at room temperature for 24 h. Full-profile fitting analysis of the SAXS data indicates the particles are ellipsoidal and is inconsistent with the presence of "nanoslabs" or "nanoblocks". Synthesis using TEOS as the silica source have an induction period of approximately 7.5 h and a growth rate of 1.90 +/- 0.10 nm/h at 368 K. Changing the silica source to tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) does not change the induction period; however the particle growth rate is decreased to 1.65 +/- 0.09 nm/h at 368 K. Variable-temperature SAXS measurements for syntheses with TEOS and TMOS show the activation energy for silicalite-1 growth is 60.0 +/- 2.9 and 73.9 +/- 2.8 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating the alcohol identity does influence the growth rate. By mixing tetrapropyl orthosilicate (TPOS) with TEOS (1.6:1.0 molar ratio) as the silica source, the precursor solution shows a shorter induction period (6.0 h) and a faster particle growth rate (2.16 +/- 0.06 nm/h). The alcohol identity effect is more pronounced when other organocations (e.g. alkyltripropylammonium cations) are used to make silicalite-1 at 368 K. Removing ethanol from the precursor solution decreases the induction period to approximately 4.5 h and increases the particle growth rate to 2.99 +/- 0.13 nm/h. Mixtures with 2 equiv of ethanol have an induction period and particle growth rate of 6.0 h and 2.04 +/- 0.03 nm/h, respectively. The results demonstrate the alcohol identity and content influence silicalite-1 growth kinetics. One possible explanation is varying the alcohol identity and content changes the strength of the hydrophobic hydration of the structure-directing agent and the water-alcohol interaction, resulting in less efficient interchange between clathrated water molecules and solvated silicate species.     

Aggregative growth of silicalite-1

Precursor silica nanoparticles can evolve to silicalite-1 crystals under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of tetrapropylammonium (TPA) cations. It has been proposed that in relatively dilute sols of silica, TPA, water, and ethanol, silicalite-1 growth is preceded by precursor nanoparticle evolution and then occurs by oriented aggregation. Here, we present a study of silicalite-1 crystallization in more concentrated mixtures and propose that growth follows a path similar to that taken in the dilute system. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to measure nanoparticle size and to monitor zeolite nucleation and early-stage crystal development. The precursor silica nanoparticles, present in the clear sols prior to crystal formation, were characterized using two SAXS instruments, and the influence of interparticle interactions is discussed. In addition, SAXS was used to detect the onset of secondary particle formation, and HRTEM was used to characterize their structure and morphology. Cryo-TEM allowed for in situ visual observation of the nanoparticle population. Combined results are consistent with growth by aggregation of silica nanoparticles and of the larger secondary crystallites. Finally, a unique intergrowth structure that was formed during the more advanced growth stages is reported, lending additional support for the proposal of aggregative growth.     

Synthesis, characterization, and growth rates of germanium silicalite-1 grown from clear solutions

The synthesis, characterization, and growth of Ge-silicalite-1 from optically clear solutions are reported. Ge-silicalite-1 is readily formed from optically clear solutions of TEOS, TPAOH, water, and a germanium source at 368 K. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is used to determine the Si/Ge ratio and indicates that germanium inclusion is typically 30-50% of that in the actual mixture. Adsorption, power X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and 29Si NMR indicate the materials are crystalline and microporous. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is applied to investigate the influences of germanium source (GeO2 and Ge(OC2H5)4) and content (Si/Ge 100:5) on the growth of Ge-silicalite-1 from clear solutions at 368 K. The in situ SAXS investigations show that for solutions with Si/Ge ratios of 100, 50, and 25 using Ge(OC2H5)4 the induction periods are approximately 6 h and the particle growth rates are 1.82 +/- 0.04, 2.52 +/- 0.13, and 2.85 +/- 0.08 nm/h, respectively, at 368 K, compared to those of pure silicalite-1 (6 h induction period, 1.93 +/- 0.1 nm/h growth rate). Further increasing the Si/Ge ratio to 15 and 5 shortens the induction period to approximately 4.5 h, and the growth rates are 3.07 +/- 0.16 and 2.05 +/- 0.10 nm/h, respectively, indicating the Si/Ge ratio that maximizes Ge-silicalite-1 growth is between 25 and 15. Similar trends are obtained with germanium oxide; however, the growth rates are all consistently larger than those for syntheses with Ge(OC2H5)4. The results indicate that Ge-silicalite-1 growth rates in the presence of germanium are increased as compared to those of pure-silica syntheses.     

α-(2-苯并噻唑氧基)烃基膦酸酯的合成性质和生物活性

为探索α-芳(杂 环)磷酸衍生物的生物活性,寻求含磷农药的新母体,合成了十六个未见文献报道的α-(苯并噻唑-2-氧代)烃基膦酸衍生物,所有化合物的结构均IR,HNMR, 元素分析等确证,并对生物活性进行了初步的研究.     

Isostructural bisdithiazolyl and bisthiaselenazolyl radicals: trends in bandwidth and conductivity

Reaction of N-alkylated pyridine-bridged bisdithiazolylium cations [1]+ (R1 =Me, Et; R2 =Ph) with selenium dioxide in acetic acid provides a one-step high-yield synthetic route to bisthiaselenazolylium cations [2]+ (R1 = Me, Et; R2 = Ph). The corresponding radicals 1 and 2 can be prepared by chemical or electrochemical reduction of the cations. Structural analysis of the radicals has been achieved by a combination of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods. While the two sulfur radicals 1 adopt different space groups (P3(1)21 for R1 = Me and P(-)1 for R1 = Et), the two selenium radicals 2 (space groups P3(1)21 for R1 = Me and P3(2)21 for R1 =Et) are isostructural with each other and also with 1 (R1 = Me, R2 = Ph). Variable-temperature magnetic measurements on all four compounds confirm that they are undimerized S = 1/2 systems, with varying degrees of weak intermolecular antiferromagnetic coupling. Variable-temperature electrical conductivity measurements on the two selenium radicals provide conductivities sigma(300 K) = 7.4 x 10-6 (R1 = Et) and 3.3 x 10-5 S cm-1 (R1 = Me), with activation energies, E(act), of 0.32 (R1 = Et) and 0.29 eV (R1 = Me). The differences in conductivity within the isostructural series is interpreted in terms of their relative solid-state bandwidths, as estimated from Extended Hückel band-structure calculations.     

Synthesis, characterization, and growth rates of aluminum- and Ge,Al-substituted silicalite-1 materials grown from clear solutions

The synthesis, characterization, and growth rates of aluminum- and germanium,aluminum-substituted silicalite-1 (Al-silicalite-1, Ge,Al-silicalite-1) materials grown from clear solutions are reported. In the case of aluminum substitution, the crystallinity of the materials as determined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) decreases with increasing aluminum content, as does the micropore volume determined by nitrogen adsorption and the growth rate determined by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The final materials possess slightly lower Si/Al ratios than the initial synthesis mixtures based on X-ray fluorescence analysis. In the case of simultaneous incorporation of germanium and aluminum, the final materials have a slightly lower Si/Al ratio than the synthesis mixture but a much higher Si/Ge ratio, indicating the aluminum is more readily incorporated in the zeolite as compared to germanium. This result is consistent with studies of individual heteroatom substitution behavior. Germanium incorporation in the final material increases at higher heteroatom contents (Si/(Ge+Al) = 50 and 25). The promoting effect of germanium on the growth rate of silicalite-1 dominates at low heteroatom content (Si/(Ge+Al) = 100), leading to enhanced zeolite growth rates as compared to pure silicalite-1. This promoting effect is insensitive to the Ge/Al ratio at a Si/(Ge+Al) = 100. The influence of aluminum on the growth rate, as well as the crystallinity of final materials, becomes observable when the heteroatom content is increased (Si/(Ge+Al) = 50 and 25). This is the first study we are aware of that reports the synthesis of Ge,Al-substituted silicalite-1 phases formed in hydroxide media or from clear solutions and has implications for the synthesis of nanoparticulate zeolitic materials for catalysis.     

Encapsulation of charge-diffuse peralkylated onium cations in the cavity of cucurbit[7]uril

Cucurbit[7]uril binds, with considerable size selectivity, NR(4)(+), PR(4)(+), and SR(3)(+) cations (R=Me, Et, (n)Pr, (n)Bu), with the smaller guests inside its cavity, rather than at the carbonyl-lined portals.     

Hafnocene catalysts for selective propylene oligomerization: efficient synthesis of 4-methyl-1-pentene by beta-methyl transfer

A series of hafnocene complexes (eta5-C5Me4R1)(eta5-C5Me4R2)HfCl2 with [R1, R2] = [H, H] (1), [Me, H] (2), [Me, Me] (3), [Et, Me] (4), [(i)Pr, Me] (5), [SiMe(3), Me] (6), [(t)Bu, Me] (7), [(n)Bu, Me] (8), [(i)Bu, Me] (9), [Et, Et] (10), [(n)Bu, (n)Bu] (11), [(i)Bu, (i)Bu] (12) was tested as catalyst precursors for propylene oligomerization. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane or [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]/Al(i)Bu(3), complexes 2-4 and 8-12 catalyzed the dimerization of propylene to produce 4-methyl-1-pentene with selectivities ranging from 23.9 to 61.6 wt % in the product mixture. The selectivity was dependent on the nature of the substituents R(1) and R(2), with the highest value found for (eta5-C5Me4(i)Bu)2HfCl2 (12). Rapid deactivation was observed for 5-7, whereas (eta5-C5Me4H)2HfCl2 (1) polymerized propylene. 4-Methyl-1-pentene is proposed to form by repeated 1,2-insertion of propylene into the hafnocene methyl cation, followed by selective beta-methyl elimination. Detailed analysis of the byproduct distribution (isobutene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-heptene, 4,6-dimethyl-1-heptene), determined by gas chromatography, was performed with the aid of a stochastic simulation involving rate constants for the propagation by insertion, beta-hydride elimination, and beta-methyl elimination. The rate of termination is dependent on the structure of the growing chain of the active species as well as on the bulkiness of the cyclopentadienyl ligands. The selectivity highly depends on the reaction conditions (pressure, temperature, concentration of methylaluminoxane). The rates of beta-methyl elimination leading to 4-methyl-1-pentene were proportional to propylene pressure for 2-4 and 8-10 but practically independent from propylene pressure for the sterically bulkier derivatives 11-12.     

Quenched gas-phase reactions of tetraborane(10), B4H10, with substituted alkynes: new nido-dicarbapentaboranes and arachno-monocarbapentaboranes

New alkyl derivatives of the nido-dicarbapentaborane, 1,2-C(2)B(3)H(7), and arachno-carbapentaborane, 1-CB(4)H(10), have been identified as the main volatile carbaborane products in quenched gas-phase reactions of tetraborane(10), B(4)H(10), with alkyl-substituted ethynes RC[triple bond]CR' (R = Me, Et, (n)Pr or (t)Bu, R' = H; R = Me or Et, R' = Me). The gaseous mixtures were heated at 70 degrees C, and monitored by gas-phase mass spectrometry. Each reaction was quenched when the ethyne was used up. The quenched gas-phase reaction of B(4)H(10) and Me(3)SiC[triple bond]CH gave a single volatile carbaborane product, 1-Me(3)Si-1,2-C(2)B(3)H(6).     

高度b取向Silicalite-1分子筛膜的制备

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源, 四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为模板剂, 通过调变合成silicalite-1分子筛溶胶组成及反应时间等合成参数, 用原位水热晶化法在玻璃基底上制备了表面平整、连续性好且高度b取向的silicalite-1分子筛膜. 研究了溶胶组成及基底表面粗糙度与分子筛膜中晶体取向的关系, 讨论了晶化条件对分子筛膜厚度及膜中微晶尺寸及分布的影响, 实现了silicalite-1 沸石分子筛在基底表面的高度取向生长和膜中晶体大小及膜层微结构的调控. 本文描述的制备方法简单且重复性好. 此外, 还利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析方法对样品进行了表征.     

Modelling of synchrotron SAXS patterns of silicalite-1 zeolite during crystallization

Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to characterize silicalite-1 zeolite crystallization from TEOS/TPAOH/water clear sol. SAXS patterns were recorded over a broad range of length scales, enabling the simultaneous monitoring of nanoparticles and crystals occurring at various stages of the synthesis. A simple two-population model accurately described the patterns. Nanoparticles were modeled by polydisperse core-shell spheres and crystals by monodisperse oblate ellipsoids. These models were consistent with TEM images. The SAXS results, in conjunction with in situ light scattering, showed that nucleation of crystals occurred in a short period of time. Crystals were uniform in size and shape and became increasingly anisotropic during growth. In the presence of nanoparticles, crystal growth was fast. During crystal growth, the number of nanoparticles decreased gradually but their size was constant. These observations suggested that the nanoparticles were growth units in an aggregative crystal growth mechanism. Crystals grown in the presence of nanoparticles developed a faceted habit and intergrowths. In the final stages of growth, nanoparticles were depleted. Concurrently, the crystal growth rate decreased significantly.     

Synthesis and calorimetric, spectroscopic, and structural characterization of isocyanide complexes of trialkylaluminum and tri-tert-butylgallium

Addition of tert-butylisocyanide or 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide to a solution of trialkylaluminum or trialkylgallium results in formation of complexes R(3)M·C≡N(t)Bu (M = Al, R = Me (1), Et (2), (i)Bu (3), (t)Bu (4); M = Ga, R = (t)Bu (9)) or R(3)M·C≡N(2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) (M = Al, R = Me (5), Et (6), (i)Bu (7), (t)Bu (8); M = Ga, R = (t)Bu (10)), respectively. Complexes 1, 4, 5, and 8-10 are isolated as solids, whereas the triethylaluminum and triisobutylaluminum adducts 2, 3, 6, and 7 are viscous oils. Complexes 1-10 were characterized by NMR ((1)H, (13)C) and IR spectroscopies, and the molecular structures of 4, 5, and 8-10 were also determined by X-ray crystallography. The frequency of the C≡N stretch of the isocyanide increased by 58-91 cm(-1) upon complexation, consistent with coordination of the isocyanide as a σ donor. Enthalpies of complex formation for 1-10 were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Enthalpy data suggest the following order of decreasing Lewis acidity: (t)Bu(3)Al ? (i)Bu(3)Al ≥ Me(3)Al ≈ Et(3)Al ? (t)Bu(3)Ga. In the absence of oxygen and protic reagents, the reported complexes do not undergo insertion or elimination reactions upon heating their benzene-d(6) solutions to 80 °C.     

29Si NMR studies of zeolite precursor solutions

Solution 29Si NMR spectroscopy results of zeolite precursor solutions of composition 1 SiO2:4 C2H5OH:0.36/n R+n[OH-]n:20 H2O are reported. This work employs isotopically enriched 29Si materials to aid in spectral interpretation. Using both 1D and 2D methods, spectra of solutions containing tetrapropylammonium hydroxide are wholly consistent with the existing silicate chemistry literature and indicate that the majority of the species are high-symmetry silicate clusters previously observed in aqueous solutions. The results are inconsistent with the nanoblock or nanoslab model proposed by Kirschhock and co-workers. Mixtures containing the 4,4'-trimethylene-bis(1,1'-dimethylpiperidinium) dihydroxide cation were also studied. These mixtures have similar speciation to the TPA solutions, although the relative populations of the species are different. Preliminary variable temperature 29Si NMR of these mixtures shows that the exchange properties of the high-symmetry silicate species, most notably the tetrahedral tetramer, depend on the organocation identity.     

Supramolecular assemblies of quaternary ammonium cations and halide anions in the gas phase: ESMS-FTICR data and computer modelling

Supramolecular aggregates of tetraalkylammonium halides (R4NX) are formed by electrospray out of acetonitrile solution. Mass spectrometry reveals 88 charged aggregates for R= Me, Et, Bu; X= Br, I, ranging up to [(Bu4N)39Br42]3- in size. With the objective of improving calculations of intermolecular energies for supramolecular aggregates of ions, calibrated semi-empirical potentials for inter-ion interactions have been developed and applied to these aggregates. The accuracy of the calculated energies is supported by the measured collisional dissociation energy of (Et4N+)4 (I-)5. Energy optimisations indicate that the probable structures have the halide ions dispersed in a matrix of cations, which, for Bu4N+, can be mutually attractive. The aggregates are structurally fluid, with multiple structures separated by 4-8 kJmol(-1). The energy calculations are entirely consistent with the observed formation of large aggregates, and of multiply charged anions. It is estimated that the cohesive energies of supramolecular assemblies of ions such as these reach about 40 kJmol(-1) per constituent ion.     

分子筛催化萜烯烷氧基化反应的研究 I: 异菠基烷基醚的合成

报导了以氢型丝光沸石 为催化剂催化茨烯和(或)三环烯与C1-C4醇发生烷氧基化的反应, 得到一系列7,7-二甲基-2-烷氧基双环[2,2,1]庚烷及相应付产物6,7,7-三甲基-2-烷氧基双环[2,2,1]庚烷衍生物. 这些付产物均为新化合物. 所有产物的结构均由元素分析, 红外, 质子核磁共振及质谱确认这些化合物具有清凉香气和木质龙涎香气.     

Anionic microemulsion-mediated low temperature synthesis of anisotropic silicalite-1 nanocrystals

The low-temperature (368 K) synthesis of silicalite-1 nanocrystals in anionic microemulsions is reported. In the presence of AOT/isooctane mixtures silicalite-1 nanocrystals can be formed that are coffin-shaped and approximately 100 x 40 x 200 nm in size. This is in contrast to samples made without the microemulsion under the same conditions where irregular spherical particles approximately 100 nm in diameter are formed. The current work shows that, in contrast to previous work in this area, the anionic microemulsions cannot stabilize colloidal silica due to the strong repulsive electrostatic forces between the anionic silicate species and the surfactant headgroup. The crystal morphology of the silicalite-1 obtained is also shown to be sensitive to the surfactant identity as syntheses using SDS/heptane/butanol mixtures lead to different morphologies. It is also possible to uncouple zeolite nucleation from growth in these systems. This was demonstrated by adding a solution containing 25 nm silicalite-1 nanocrystals to the AOT/isooctane mixture, which leads to large micron-sized spheres of silicalite-1 containing large mesopores. This report demonstrates that anionic microemulsions lead to fundamentally different crystal habits than the nonionic or cationic microemulsions investigated previously. The future outlook for the use of microemulsion-mediated zeolite growth is also discussed.     

Photochemical reactions of (eta 5-cyclopentadienyl)bis(t-butylacrylate) rhodium with silanes: dynamics of isomer interconversion via Rh(eta 2-silane) species

The compound CpRh(C(2)H(3)CO(2)(t)Bu)(2) 1 has been synthesised as a mixture of two pairs of interconverting isomers which differ in the relative orientations of the alkene substituents. The four isomers have been fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy. When complex 1 is photolysed in the presence of a silane, HSiR(2)R'R(2)R'= Et(3), Me(3), HEt(2), (OMe)(3) and Me(2)Cl] the corresponding Si-H oxidative addition products CpRh(SiR(2)R')(H)(C(2)H(3)CO(2)(t)Bu) and CpRh(H)(2)(SiR(2)R')(2) are formed. The Rh(III) complexes CpRh(SiR(2)R')(H)(C(2)H(3)CO(2)(t)Bu) exist in two isomeric forms of comparable energy which interconvert in an intramolecular process that does not involve a reversible [1,3] hydride or [1,3] silyl migration. The hydride (1)H NMR resonances for these species consequently broaden before coalescing into a single peak. For R(2)R'= Et(3), the activation parameters for interchange from the major to minor isomer were Delta H++= 60.2 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S++= 8 +/- 9 J mol(-1) K(-1), while for R(2)R'= Me(3) and Et(2)H, Delta H++= 61.5 +/- 1 kJ mol(-1), Delta S++= 6 +/- 5 J mol(-1) K(-1), and Delta H++= 61.8 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1), Delta S++= 12 +/- 9 J mol(-1) K(-1) respectively for conversion from the major isomer to the minor. For these complexes an eta(2)-Rh-H-Si transition state or intermediate is consistent with the evidence. When R(2)R'=(OMe)(3) and Me(2)Cl the change in appearance of the hydride resonances is more complex, with the activation parameters for interchange from the major to minor isomer for the former species being Delta H++= 78.3 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S++= 30 +/- 7 J mol(-1) K(-1) while for Me(2)Cl the barrier proved too high to measure before decomposition occurred. The complex spectral changes could be simulated when a discrete eta(2)-Rh-H-Si intermediate was involved in the isomer interconversion process and hence silane rotation in all these systems is proposed to involve two isomers of CpRh(eta(2)-HSiR(2)R')(C(2)H(3)CO(2)(t)Bu).     

Pressure enhanced conductivity in bis-1,2,3-thiaselenazolyl dimers

A synthetic sequence to salts of N-alkylated pyridine-bridged 1,2,3-thiaselenazolo-1,2,3-thiaselenazolylium cations [2]+ (R1 = Me, Et; R2 = H) is described. The corresponding radicals 2 (R1 = Me, Et; R2 = H) can be generated from the cations by chemical or electrochemical reduction. Crystals of the two radicals are isostructural and consist of interpenetrating pi-stacked arrays of closed-shell Se-Se sigma-bonded dimers [2]2 laced together with numerous short intermolecular Se- - -Se, Se- - -S, and Se- - -N contacts. Variable-temperature magnetic, conductivity, and near-infrared optical measurements indicate that the bulk materials behave as small band gap semiconductors with room-temperature conductivities sigma(RT) near 10(-6) S cm(-1) and thermal activation energies Ea of 0.32 eV (R1 = Me) and 0.36 eV (R1 = Et). LMTO band structure calculations on both compounds are consistent with this interpretation. The application of external pressure leads to dramatic increases in conductivity; at 4 GPa sigma(RT) reaches a value near 10(-1) S cm(-1) for R1 = Me and 10(-2) S/cm for R1 = Et. The conductivity remains activated for both compounds, but for R1 = Me the activation energy Ea is reduced to near 0.03 eV at 5 GPa, suggestive of a weakly metallic state.     

Amidines derived from Pt(IV)-mediated nitrile-amino alcohol coupling and their Zn(II)-catalyzed conversion into oxazolines

The reaction between the platinum(IV) complex trans-[PtCl(4)(EtCN)(2)] and the amino alcohols NH(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH, NH(2)CH(2)CH(Me)OH-(R)-(-), NH(2)CH(Ph)CH(2)OH-(R)-(-), NH(2)CH(Et)CH(2)OH-(R)-(-), NH(2)CH(Et)CH(2)OH-(S)-(+), and NH(2)CH(Pr(n)())CH(2)OH proceeds rapidly at room temperature in CH(2)Cl(2) to furnish the amidine complexes [PtCl(4)(HN=C(Et)NH(arcraise;)OH)(2)] (1-6) in good yield (70-80%). The related reaction between the platinum(II) complex trans-[PtCl(2)(EtCN)(2)] and monoethanolamine in a molar ratio of 1:2 in CH(2)Cl(2) results in the addition of 4 equiv of NH(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH per mole of complex to give [Pt(HN=C(Et)NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)(2)(NH(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH)(2)](2+) (7). Formulation of 1-6 is based upon satisfactory C, H, N elemental analyses, electrospray mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and (1)H, (13)C((1)H), (15)N, and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopies, while the structures of trans-[PtCl(4)((Z)-NH=C(Et)NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)(2)] (1), trans-[PtCl(4)((Z)-NH=C(Et)NHCH(2)CH(Me)OH-(R)-(-))(2)] (2), and trans-[PtCl(4)((Z)-NH=C(Et)NHCH(Et)CH(2)OH-(R)-(-))(2)] (4) were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The Z-amidine configuration of the ligands is preserved in CDCl(3) solutions as confirmed by gradient-enhanced (15)N,(1)H-HMQC spectroscopy and NOE experiments. The amidines, formed upon Pt(IV)-mediated nitrile-amino alcohol coupling, were liberated from their platinum(IV) complexes 1, 3, and 4 by reaction with Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2) (dppe) giving free NH=C(Et)NHCHRCH(2)OH (R = H 8, Et 9, Ph 10), with the substituents R of different types, and dppe oxides; the P-containing species were identified by (31)P((1)H) NMR spectroscopy. NOESY spectroscopy indicates that the liberated amidines retained the same configuration relative to the C=N double bond, i.e., syn-(H,Et)-NH=C(Et)NHCHRCH(2)OH. The liberated hydroxo-functionalized amidines 8-10 were converted into oxazolines (11-13) in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnCl(2). A similar catalytic effect has also been reached using anhydrous MSO(4) (M = Cu, Co, Cd), CdCl(2), and AlCl(3).