真空热流法测定不良导体的导热系数

以恒定导热原理为基础,选用由温度表和温差电偶组成的温度测量装置,在真空环境下测量试样上下压杆对称位置的温度、有效传热面积和试样的厚度,通过计算机计算试样的导热系数.与传统的稳态法比较,采用真空热流法测定导热系数,材料内部的温度分布很快达到稳定,可以减小测量过程中试样及上加热盘和下散热盘侧面散热产生的影响.     

基于DISLab温度传感器的导热系数测定

对采用热电偶测量导热系数的实验进行改进,利用DISLab温度传感器测金属盘达到平衡的温度和散热盘的温度,解决了传统的导热系数测定时误差较大的问题。实验表明,该实验操作简单,精度高,具有明显的优势。     

径向导热条件下圆柱状样品金属导热系数的测定

由于棒状样品轴向导热法测定导热系数的实验中无法准确测定棒表面的散热,故实验结果误差较大;而稳态平板法又不能用于金属导热系数的测定。另外,这两种方法均无法反映导热系数随温度的变化;故此类方法的意义有限。本文尝试采用圆柱状样品径向导热法来测定金属的导数系数。实验结果显示该方法取得了初步成功。一、轴对称区域上的稳态导热稳态导热条件下,各向异性区域内的温度分布满足▽·(λ▽T)=0 (1) 由于导热系数λ仅为温度的函数,故(1)式可化为     

良导体导热率测量装置与实验方法改进

针对目前高校常用的稳态法良导体导热率测量装置及实验方法存在的不足,将原装置加热部分、保温材料、散热部件、待测样品结构以及测温仪表等进行改进与创新,使良导体导热率测量准确度明显提高.     

不良导体导热系数与温度关系研究

采用稳态平板法测量不良导体的导热系数时,关键是得到稳态时不良导体的传热速率。根据稳态时传热速率与散热铝盘的散热速率相等,可以测定自然冷却过程中,稳态时散热铝盘温度T2所对应的冷却速率。基于Matlab软件,分析并绘制曲线直观反映出温度、时间、冷却速率三者之间的关系,用拟合法研究了不良导体导热系数随温度变化的关系。     

不良导体导热系数测定实验中仪表风扇对实验结果的影响

根据对物体冷却规律的分析,并从实验结果比较,指出稳态法测不良导体导热系数实验中,设置散热盘的冷却过程应与其在稳态过程时的强迫对流散热方式保持一致.     

稳态法测导热系数的数据处理方法

分析了不良导体导热系数的测定实验中散热盘冷却速率的测量方法。对实验过程中散热盘温度的测量值与相应的时间,利用matlab程序分别进行不同阶次的曲线拟合,再分别求其导数以求散热速率,并对不同阶次拟合函数所求的散热速率进行了比较。     

不良导体导热系数智能测量系统的研制

针对现有“稳态法测量不良导体导热系数”教学实验装置的不足,结合单片机控制系统和python语言编程对现有教学实验装置进行了智能化改进.利用STC15F2K60S2单片机作为主控芯片,同时利用DS18B20温度传感器、固态继电器、NRF24L01无线收发模块等组成控制系统,并编写上位机软件.改进后的实验装置能够自动控制加热盘温度、自动采集散热盘温度、快速且准确地计算不良导体导热系数,提高了测量精度和效率.     

稳态平板法测量导热系数的若干影响因素分析

研究发现,热源温度和环境温度等因素通过试样的侧面散热影响平板稳态法测量导热系数的精度,散热铜板的上下表面散热功率不一致也将影响导热系数测量的准确性.用大空间自然对流理论对实验数据处理公式修正后,可有效减小侧面散热对测量的影响.在设计实验时应首先获得散热铜板的散热功率曲线,选择合适的散热铜板温度,而后通过综合考虑试样厚度和热源温度以控制传热温差,使测量时散热铜板温度处于最佳温度附近.     

稳态法测量导热系数实验的温度补偿

在稳态法测量不良导体热导系数的实验中,样品上、下表面的温度值分别通过测量发热盘和散热盘的温度来获得.在实际操作中,通常是测量发热盘(散热盘)中心的温度;而由于发热盘(散热盘)本身具有一定厚度,因此其中心的温度并不能代表它与样品接触面的温度,针对该问题提出了温度补偿的方法,可以减小测量样品上、下表面温差时产生的实验误差.     

Experimental and numerical study of the effect of conjugate heat transfer on film cooling

Combined convection heat transfer and thermal conduction for film cooling of a flat plate with 45° ribs on one wall was investigated experimentally and numerically. The flat plate surface temperature was measured using thermochromic liquid crystals. The results show that the film cooling is the main mechanism for the local cooling with a very low thermal conductivity while the convection heat transfer of the coolant in the coolant channel is the dominant heat transfer mechanism for the high thermal conductivity plate, with both film cooling and convection heat transfer by the coolant being important with medium thermal conductivity walls.     

固体热导率测量仪的新发现

实验通过稳态法使用TC-3型固体热导率测定仪[1,9]的测量方法改变来测量海洋大气热导率,结构简单,误差更小,一机多用.通过改变加热铜盘A与散热铜盘B之间的距离,探究距离对大气热导率的影响,并与教材中介绍的气体热导率测定仪测量的大气热导率进行比较.     

计算导热系数的新公式

在传统的一维传热模型下导热系数的计算公式误差较大.本文通过建立试样内部的三维传热模型,更为科学地考虑了侧壁散热的影响,推导出了计算导热系数的新公式.以橡胶为研究材料进行实验,证明了新公式的合理性.引入影响因子P来衡量侧壁散热对系统的影响程度,分析得到P值随着试样厚度增加而增大.     

高超声速飞行器前缘疏导式热防护结构的实验研究

针对高超声速飞行器前缘疏导式防热结构的特点,设计前缘内嵌高导热率材料结构和一体化层板热管结构两类对比实验,用于验证前缘疏导式防热结构的可行性.利用球形短弧氙灯作为辐射热源模拟气动加热,分别对钢质前缘、内嵌铜材料的钢质前缘和一体化层板式热管前缘进行加热,测量前缘驻点区域和尾部翼面区域的温度变化.实验结果表明:内嵌高导热率材料的前缘疏导结构能够降低头部驻点区的温度,提高尾部低温区的温度,实现对前缘结构的热防护;以蒸馏水作为工质一体化层板式热管前缘结构,在较低热流条件下也能够实现对前缘驻点区的疏导式热防护,但在较高热流条件下,由于水蒸气压力过大使得层板式前缘结构发生破坏,体现出热管内部工作介质对结构防热效果和应用范围都起到的关键作用.     

Measurement of thermal conductivity in laser-heated diamond anvil cell using radial temperature distribution

ABSTRACT

Thermal conductivities of planetary materials under extreme conditions are important input parameters for modeling planetary dynamics such as accretion, geodynamo and magnetic field evolution, plate tectonics, volcanism-related processes etc. However, direct experimental measurements of thermal conductivity at extreme conditions remain challenging and controversial. Here we propose a new technique of thermal conductivity measurement in laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) based on radial temperature distribution around laser focal spot, mapped by imaging tandem acousto-optical tunable filter (TAOTF). The new technique provides much more information about heat fluxes in the laser-heated sample than existing static heating setups, and does not require dynamic numerical modeling using heat capacities in contrast to dynamic pulsed heating setups. In the test experiment, thermal conductivity of γ-Fe at conditions relevant to cores of terrestrial planets was measured.     

板状激光振荡介质温度场和应力场的数值模拟

以非均匀内热源模型为基础,并考虑材料的导热系数和热膨胀系数的温度相关性,利用有限元方法,对板状激光振荡介质在不同功率和冷却强度下的温度和热应力分布进行了数值模拟及分析。根据计算结果提出了最大有效换热系数的概念,指出换热系数超过最大有效换热系数后,继续强化传热对减小高功率激光器的热效应已无明显效果。以此得出采用常规冷却技术所允许的最大泵浦加热功率。     

Thermal conductivity of hydrogenated amorphous silicon

The thermal conductivity of amorphous silicon thin films is measured in one dimension steady state condition. The experimental method is based on heating the sample front surface and monitoring the temperatures at its two sides. The experiments were carried out in conditions ensuring one-direction heat flow from top to bottom throughout the sample thickness. Sputtered a-Si:H films prepared with different conditions are used in order to investigate the dependence of thermal conductivity on material properties (i.e. hydrogen content and microstructure). The results show that, firstly, amorphous silicon is a very bad thermal conductor material. Secondly, the disorder in the film network plays an important role in thermal conduction. The highly disordered film exhibits the lowest thermal conductivity.     

Melting temperature and enthalpy variations of phase change materials (PCMs): a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis is a standard thermal analysis technique used to determine the phase transition temperature, enthalpy, heat of fusion, specific heat and activation energy of phase change materials (PCMs). To determine the appropriate heating rate and sample mass, various DSC measurements were carried out using two kinds of PCMs, namely N-octadecane paraffin and calcium chloride hexahydrate. The variations in phase transition temperature, enthalpy, heat of fusion, specific heat and activation energy were observed within applicable heating rates and sample masses. It was found that the phase transition temperature range increased with increasing heating rate and sample mass; while the heat of fusion varied without any established pattern. The specific heat decreased with the increase of heating rate and sample mass. For accuracy purpose, it is recommended that for PCMs with high thermal conductivity (e.g. hydrated salt) the focus will be on heating rate rather than sample mass.     

Two-phase zone at Al2O3 meltin by laser radiation and at melt solidification under the conditions of free cooling

Experiments and numerical simulation have shown that the two-phase zone of liquid and solid phases concentration, variable over the coordinate, is formed both at alumina heating by laser radiation and at free melt cooling. During heating this zone is formed only at the initial stage of heating. Its width is not large and is lesser than the depth of the heating laser beam penetration due to the effect of intense heat losses through the crystal by thermal radiation and thermal conductivity.