Experimental and Quantum‐Chemical Studies on the Thermochemical Stabilities of Mercury Carbodiimide and Mercury Cyanamide

Calorimetric dissolution measurements of the solid compounds mercury carbodiimide HgNCN(I ) and mercury cyanamide HgNCN(II ) in aqueous HCl that targeted at their thermochemical stabilities show the cyanamide species HgNCN(II ) to be the more stable phase in terms of both enthalpy and Gibbs energy with an enthalpy difference of 2–3 kJ mol^?1. While the stability ranking of HgNCN(I ) and HgNCN(II ) thus perfectly matches Pearson's HSAB concept, quantum‐chemical stability predictions using common parametrizations of density functional theory appear to be fundamentally flawed. An analysis of the error is attempted on the basis of correlated wave functions for related molecules.     

Mercury under Pressure acts as a Transition Metal: Calculated from First Principles

The inclusion of Hg among the transition metals is readily debated. Recently, molecular HgF₄ was synthesized in a low‐temperature noble gas but the potential of Hg to form compounds beyond a +2 oxidation state in a stable solid remains unresolved. We propose high‐pressure techniques to prepare unusual oxidation states of Hg‐based compounds. Using an advanced structure search algorithm and first‐principles electronic structure calculations, we find that under high pressure Hg in Hg? F compounds transfers charge from the d orbitals to the F, thus behaving as a transition metal. Oxidizing Hg to +4 and +3 yielded the thermodynamically stable compounds HgF₄ and HgF₃. The former consists of HgF₄ planar molecules, a typical geometry for d⁸ metal centers. HgF₃ is metallic and ferromagnetic owing to the d⁹ configuration of Hg, with a large gap between its partially occupied and unoccupied bands under high pressure.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定中药材中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞

目的 建立中药材中无机汞、甲基汞、乙基汞的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定方法,考察106批次根及根茎类中药材中3种汞形态化合物的含量,积累基础数据,为中药饮片的质量安全性监管提供技术支撑。方法 选用人工胃液作为提取液,经水浴加热提取后,以甲醇-乙酸铵为流动相,采用C18反相色谱柱对样品溶液进行分离,最后经ICP-MS测定3种汞形态化合物的含量。结果 3种汞形态化合物在0.5～5ng/mL范围内均获得良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999。通过加标回收的方法进行准确性评价,回收率为75.5%～118.0%,RSD为2.4%～9.7%。测定的106批次中药材中,均未检出甲基汞、乙基汞。无机汞检出率为88.7%,合格率为100%。结论 该方法能够准确、高效的测定中药材中3种汞形态化合物的含量。106批次中药材中的汞存在形态主要是以无机汞为主。     

测汞仪直接测定食品中总汞

建立了食品中总汞快速准确的测定方法。使用测汞仪,采用样品直接进样法,对芹菜、大葱、鸡肉等10种标准物质中的汞含量进行了测定,结果表明,在0.2~100ng范围内线性良好,10种标准物质的检测结果均在标示值范围内。使用测汞仪直接测定食品中总汞含量,具有灵敏度高、快捷、不受前处理影响等优点,便于推广,适用于各类食品中总汞的快速测定。     

HPLC–ICP–MS法测定农田土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞

采用HPLC反相C18柱分离、ICP–MS检测,建立了农田土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞的分析方法。以0.5mol/L的硝酸溶液为浸提剂,超声波提取1 h,在优化的仪器条件下测定,甲基汞和乙基汞的质量浓度在0.1~50ng/m L范围内与谱线强度呈良好线性关系(r≥0.999),检出限分别为0.1,0.2 ng/m L;加标回收率分别为89.26%~94.26%,76.88%~79.27%;相对标准偏差分别为1.67%~2.38%,2.58%~3.84%(n=5)。该方法样品前处理简单、重现性好、检出限低、准确度高,适合于农田土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞的同时测定。     

PS 200Ⅱ-M型测汞仪测定水和废水中汞的方法探讨

对PS200Ⅱ-型测汞仪的技术指标进行了方法验证，针对测试中存在的一些问题进行了探讨，提出关于测试溶液的酸度、温度及载气的纯度、流量等应注意的问题，使测定结果较为满意。     

Inversion of Optical Activity in the Synthesis of Mercury Sulfide Nanoparticles: Role of Ligand Coordination

Optical activity in inorganic colloidal materials was controlled through interactions of chiral molecules with the nanoparticle (NP) surface. An inversion of optical activity in the synthesis of mercury sulfide (HgS) NPs was demonstrated with an intrinsically chiral crystalline system in the presence of an identical chiral capping ligand. A continuous decrease in the positive first Cotton effect and an eventual reversal of CD profile were observed upon heating the aqueous solution of HgS NPs capped with N‐acetyl‐l ‐cysteine (Ac‐l ‐Cys) at 80 °C. Ac‐l ‐Cys afforded two bidentate coordination configurations with an almost mirror image of each other using the thiolate and either of carboxylate or acetyl–carbonyl groups on the HgS core. Experiment and calculation suggest that a shift in the distribution of the NP formation with energy in response to the combinations of ligand coordination structure and chiral crystalline surface is responsible for the inversion of optical activity.     

GC–MS法测定水体中甲基汞和乙基汞

用巯基棉富集,四乙基硼化钠衍生,气相色谱–质谱联用法测定水体中的甲基汞和乙基汞,线性范围为10~150 ng/L,线性范围内的重复性相对标准偏差(n=10)甲基汞为4.63%,乙基汞为5.52%,方法回收率甲基汞为99.00%~103.01%,乙基汞为85.49%~97.59%。通过四乙基硼化钠衍生把甲基汞和乙基汞化转化成全烷基化合物,降低了甲基汞和乙基汞的活性,减少甲基汞和乙基汞在色谱柱上的吸附和峰拖尾的现象。方法适合实验室大批量样品的测定。     

直接测汞仪-土壤标准物质绘制工作曲线法测定土壤中汞

采用直接测汞仪-土壤标准物质绘制工作曲线法测定土壤中的汞,样品无需前处理,减小了系统误差和基体干扰。绘制的低、高浓度标准曲线线性相关系数分别是0.999 9和0.999 7,可以准确测定汞含量在0～300ng范围内的样品,准确度高,重现性和稳定性好,相对标准偏差小于2.2%,符合土壤的检测要求,适用于大批量土壤样品的检测。     

直接测汞仪-土壤标准物质绘制工作曲线法测定土壤中汞

采用直接测汞仪-土壤标准物质绘制工作曲线法测定土壤中的汞,样品无需前处理,减小了系统误差和基体干扰。绘制的低、高浓度标准曲线线性相关系数分别是0.999 9和0.999 7,可以准确测定汞含量在0～300ng范围内的样品,准确度高,重现性和稳定性好,相对标准偏差小于2.2%,符合土壤的检测要求,适用于大批量土壤样品的检测。     

Mercury Cyanides and Isocyanides: NCHgCN and CNHgNC as well as NCHgHgCN and CNHgHgNC: Simple Molecules with Short,Strong Hg−Hg Bonds

Mercury atoms, laser‐ablated from an amalgam dental filling target, react with cyanogen in excess argon during condensation at 4 K to form two major products in the 2200 cyanide M?C?N stretching region of the IR spectrum, which were assigned to NCHgCN and NCHgHgCN from their antisymmetric C?N stretching mode absorptions at 2213.8 and 2180.1 cm^?1. Two broader bands in the isocyanide region at 2098.2 and 2089.6 cm^?1 were assigned to CNHgNC and CNHgHgNC. The N‐bonded isomers were computed to be 603/33 and 823/69 times more intense IR absorbers than the C‐bonded isomers at the CCSD level of theory. The dissociation energy for the NCHg?HgCN molecule into two HgCN molecules was calculated to be 296 kJ mol^?1 and that for CNHg?HgNC into two HgNC molecules is 304 kJ mol^?1. These simple molecules with two cyanide or two isocyanide ligands have two of the shortest and strongest known Hg?Hg single bonds as the two electronegative CN ligands withdraw antibonding electron density from the bonding region.     

双重印迹法制备汞离子印迹聚合物及其性能研究

采用双重印迹法,以N-3-(三甲氧基硅基)丙基乙二胺为功能单体,四乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和Hg2+为模板,合成出Hg2+印迹聚合物.聚合物中的表面活性剂和Hg2+分别由乙醇萃取和HCl洗涤除去,利用平衡吸附法研究了聚合物的吸附性能和选择识别能力,且探讨了实验条件对印迹聚合物吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在竞争离子Cu2+(或Cd2+) 存在下,印迹聚合物具有较高的吸附能力和选择识别能力,最大相对选择系数k′>200,且可以循环使用.     

Determination of Mercury Using a Novel Sonogel‐Carbon 3‐Methylthiophene Electrode

Abstract

A solid Sonogel‐Carbon electrode was modified for the determination of Hg (II) in industrial waste water. 3‐Methylthiophene (3MT), pyrrol, poly‐3‐methylthiophene (P3MT), polypyrrol, and C18 were used for the chemical modification. The obtained composite electrodes were tested for their response to Hg(II); the best results were observed for the 3MT monomer modification with a detection limit of 10^?2 mg · l^?1 and 3 weeks lifetime of use. A linear relationship between anodic peak height and concentration inside the range of 0.07–0.42 mg · l^?1 was obtained. A study of interferences due to other heavy metal is also included.     

Behavior of Mercury Vapor Upon Irradiation by a Mercury Lamp in an Inert Gas

Abstract

The behavior of mercury vapor during irradiation by a mercury lamp is investigated. Using the flameless atomic absorption technique for mercury determination, it was found that when mercury vapor in an inert gas is irradiated by a mercury lamp, the atomic absorption signal of mercury is decreased rapidly and the signal may be restored by heating to 70°C. These phenomena indicate that the irradiation products of mercury vapor in the quartz tube are deposited on the tube, and are dissociated into the mono-atomic state of mercury upon heating.     

对氯苯重氮氨基偶氮苯分光光度法测定微量汞

研究了对氯苯重氮氨基苯偶氮苯 (p -CBDAA)与Hg (Ⅱ )的显色反应 ,在非离子表面活性剂OP存在下 ,在pH 9 5的硼砂缓冲介质中 ,Hg (Ⅱ )与P -CBDAA形成 1∶2的橙红色稳定络合物 ,其λmax=5 3 0nm ,ε=1 2 0× 1 0 5L·mol- 1·cm- 1,汞含量在 0～ 0 8μg/mL范围内遵守比尔定律。方法用于废旧钮扣电池和自来水中汞的测定 ,结果令人满意。     

水中微量汞的快速测定

本文提出了一种快速测定水中微量汞的新方法。采用KBrO_3-HCl-HNO_3体系在室温下破坏水样中的有机汞,产生的无机汞用自制的KBH_4片剂还原,用测汞仪测定。此法具有简便、快速、精密度和灵敏度较好等优点,适合大批量水样的分析。     

DMA-80直接测汞仪测定肥料样品中总汞含量

选择6个化学肥料样品和6个有机肥料样品,利用DMA-80直接测汞仪对肥料中的总汞进行了测定。对同一样品添加3种不同汞浓度汞标准溶液,每组3次重复,测定加标回收率在96.6%~104%;DMA-80直接测汞仪与原子荧光光谱法测定结果之间无显著差异;在实验过程中每个肥料样品利用测汞仪直接进样测定6组平行样,相对标准偏差小于5.0%;根据多次测定空白数据结果计算方法检出限为0.0137 ng。利用DMA-80测汞仪测定肥料中汞含量的方法具有操作简单、快速高效、检出限低等优点,可用于批量肥料样品中汞含量的快速测定分析。     

Different Species of Mercury in the Livers of Tropical Dolphins

Abstract

Four kinds of mercury species (inorganic mercury (Hg_inorg), methylmercury (MeHg), total organic mercury (ΣHg_org), and insoluble mercury, deemed to be mercuric selenide (HgSe), were determined in the livers of dolphins from the Brazilian coast. The MeHg was identified and quantified in the toluene layer on a Gas Chromatograph with an Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). The ΣHg_org was isolated by acid leaching (H₂SO₄-KBr-CuSO₄) and then extracted into CH₂Cl₂. The ΣHg_org and Hg_inorg were determined by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CV-AAS). The MeHg was the smallest fraction of Hg_tot, with a median of 9%, whereas the highest fraction of the Hg_tot was as HgSe, corresponding to 53%. The fractions of Hg_inorg and ΣHg_org corresponded to 30% and 39%, respectively. The lowest fraction of MeHg and the highest fraction of HgSe in the liver of all animals are related to different capacities or strategies of detoxification of methylmercury in this organ.