专辑主编寄语

喜逢中国科学院长春应用化学研究所建所70周年华诞之际,真诚感谢安立佳院士作为客座编辑邀请国内化学相关领域著名院士和专家出版这一期纪念刊专辑。《应用化学》创刊于1983年,为中国科学院长春应用化学研究所的发展和国内相关化学领域提供了一个学术交流的平台,始终秉持“应用化学,追求卓越”的办刊理念,面向科研单位、大专院校和化学化工领域的科研及技术人员,着重报道化学及交叉学科有应用前景的创新性基础科学研究和创造性科研技术成果,介绍该领域中的新发现、新理论、新方法、新技术、新产品及相关科技信息,为推动应用化学学科的发展、加强国内国际间的学术交流、人才培养和现代化建设服务。该专辑的出版必将对该领域的发展起到重要的促进作用。     

A Letter from the Editorial Board

It has been 15 years that the Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, an international, academic Journal focusing on the publication of worldwide research in the field of natural gas chemistry, has been published. Five years ago, the Editorial Board of the Journal was reorganized and moved to the Dalian Institute of Chemistry Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Journal has concentrated on the reporting of fundamental research and development information in the field of natural gas     

Theoretical analysis of structure and energetics of intermediates in catalytic reactions of alkanesulfonylation

Combined methods of quantum chemistry and molecular mechanics have been used to investigate the structure and energetics of formation of sulfene, and also N-methanesulfonylpyridinium and oxypyridinium halides, which are intermediates in catalytic alkanesulfonylation reactions. The potential energy surface of ion-ion interactions of N-methanesulfonylpyridinium halides has been analyzed. The results have been applied in identifying kinetically indistinguishable mechanisms of general basic and nucleophilic catalysis in processes of alkanesulfonylation of phenols.Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry and Coal Tar Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Donetsk. Donetsk University. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Eksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 159–165, March–April, 1991. Original article submitted November 9, 1989.     

Analysis of development of Russian fluoropolymer chemistry,production and fields of fluoropolymes application: Some aspects of the history of creating Russian fluoropolymers

Information is reported on the history of creating chemistry and processing of fluorpolymers in Russia since 1947 till the present time. The leading role in development of fluoropolymers in Russia belonged to the Research Institute of Polymerisation Plastics (NIIPP), State Institute of Applied Chemistry (GIPKh), and Kirovo-Chepetsk Industrial Complex.     

Sorption of water vapor on cation-substituted vermiculite

Deformations of Na, Ca, and Ba vermiculites upon sorption of water vapor have been determined by a dilatometric method. Sequential stages in the hydration of interlayer exchange cations have been identified. The experimental results have been compared with data obtained in studies using adsorptive, calorimetric, and x-ray methods.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Institute of Colloid Chemistry and the Chemistry of Water, Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 34–39, January, 1992.     

有机化学中新兴领域的积极开拓者——黄耀曾先生

黄耀曾先生(1912-2002),我国著名的有机化学家,中国科学院院士,我国有机氟化学的先驱者,我国金属有机化学的开拓者。曾任中央研究院化学研究所助理研究员,副研究员,上海第一医学院助教,讲师。中国科学院上海有机化学研究所副研究员,研究员,博士生导师;上海有机化学研究所副所长,中国科学院化学部常委,副主任,中国化学会常务理事,《有机化学》主编和国际《杂原子化学》顾问编委。他的研究工作不仅推动了有机化学的发展,而且在我国国防建设和经济建设中也做出了突出贡献。曾获全国科学大会奖,国家科学技术进步一等奖,国防科技事业荣誉证书,国家自然科学三等奖及二等奖,第三世界科学院化学奖,何梁何利基金科学与进步奖等众多奖项。几十年的学术生涯中,黄耀曾先生在国内外著名学术刊物上共发表论文230余篇,著译9本,培养了博士20名,其中有的当选为院士,有的已成为重要的科研骨干和领导,有的是著名的企业家。     

Properties and application of aryl-substituted azines (review)

Aryl-substituted six-membered azaaromatic heterocycles have a range of properties that make it possible to use them in scientific investigations and in modern regions of technology. The possibilities of using arylazines in chemical analysis, in catalytic processes, and as optical and photochromic materials in polymer chemistry are surveyed.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1011–1029, August, 1997.     

诺贝尔化学奖与生物专业有机化学教材内容相关性分析

结合有机化学教材内容总结了有机化学领域的诺贝尔化学奖情况,分析了诺贝尔化学奖与有机化学及生物科学的关系,并介绍了在生物专业有机化学教学中引入诺贝尔化学奖的方法。将诺贝尔化学奖引入生物专业有机化学的教学实践有利于学生认识课程重要性,激发学习动力,提高综合素质和创新能力。     

黄鸣龙——我国有机化学的一位先驱

黄鸣龙院士(1898-1979)1919年浙江医药专科学校毕业,1924年德国柏林大学有机药物化学博士;1924-1934年任浙江医专教授、主任,卫生署化学部主任;1934-1940年在欧洲先灵公司等从事研究工作;1940年回国在昆明任中研院化学所研究员,兼任西南联大教授;1945年赴美在哈佛大学,默克公司从事研究工作。1952年绕道欧洲回国,先后在中国人民解放军医学科学院化学系和中国科学院上海有机化学研究所任研究员。1955年当选为中国科学院学部委员(院士)。黄先生一生从事有机化学的教育和研究工作,他在有机化学的“结构与机理”以及“反应和合成”二大方面都作出了在国内外具有深远影响的工作。20世纪40年代黄先生发现了变质山道年4个立体异构体的循环转变,堪称立体化学的经典之作;1948年发表了黄鸣龙还原反应;1952年归国后引领和发展了我国的甾体化学研究,带领了我国甾体药物的生产发展,是我国甾体药物工业的奠基人。黄先生治学严谨,既重视应用研究,又强调基础研究;关注学习新知识、新概念,又更重视实验技术。黄先生教书育人,身体力行,是我国有机化学发展的先驱者和奠基人。     

Radiation centre of institute of physical chemistry in Moscow

Radiation centre of the Institute of Physical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) is described. It has four ⁶⁰Co γ-ray sources and four electron accelerators, three of them being linear ones. The brief consideration of researches and developments in radiation chemistry and radiation processing is conducted.     

New Chiral N,S-Ligands with Thiophenyl at Benzylic Position. Palladium(II)-catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation

Ｃｈｉｒａｌｌｉｇａｎｄｓｐｌａｙａｃｒｕｃｉａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎａｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃｃａｔａｌｙｓｉｓ .Ｔｏｄａｔｅａｖａｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｌｉｇａｎｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｙｎｔｈｅ ｓｉｚｅｄａｎｄｐｒｏｖｅｄｔｏｂｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ .Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍｔｈｅｌｉｇａｎｄｓ1ｗｉｔｈｂｏｔｈｃｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅａｔｏｍｓａｔｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｒｉｎｇ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｓｈｏｗｇｏｏｄｔｏｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔａｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｃａｔａｌｙｔｉｃａｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓ …     

Advanced research work on radiation cross-linking of polymers in CIAC

Recent research carried out at the Chinese Institute of Applied Chemistry has contributed significantly to the understanding of the radiation chemistry of polymers. High energy radiation has been successfully used to cross-link fluoropolymers and polyimides. Here chain flexibility has been shown to play an important role, and T-type structures were found to exist in the cross-linked fluoropolymers. A modified Charlesby-Pinner equation, based upon the importance of chain flexibility, was developed to account for the solradiation dose relationship in systems of this type. An XPS method has been developed to measure the cross-linking yields in aromatic polymers and fluoropolymers, based upon the dose dependence of the aromatic shake-up peaks and the F/C ratios, respectively. Methods for radiation cross-linking degrading polymers in polymer blends have also been developed, as have methods for improving the radiation resistance of polymers through radiation cross-linking.     

Isoagathane diterpenoids

The chemistry, stereochemistry and methods of synthesis, and also natural sources of isoagathane diterpenoids are discussed.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR, Kishinev. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 397–410, July–August, 1986.     

Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

The structure and stereochemistry of teucrin A

Summary The structure of teucrin A has been confirmed by spectral and chemical methods and the relative configurations at all the asymmetric centers have been shown.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 169–175, March–April, 1973.     

“双一流”建设背景下化学拔尖班学生的国际化培养模式探索与实践

四川大学化学学院于2009年开始实施"化学拔尖学生培养试验计划",致力于培养化学领域领军人才。在化学学科入选教育部"双一流"学科建设的背景下,学院立足本专业特点、依托校院两级资源,从师资、课程、学生、办学等多方面构建拔尖学生国际化培养体系,做出了诸多尝试并取得了良好的成效。本文在对现有国际化建设策略讨论的基础上,进一步对加强拔尖学生全球胜任力进行思考、提出建议。