互易性光学量对FMOCT输出光偏振态的联合影响

提出了用于大电流测量的法拉第镜式光学电流互感器方案.采用琼斯矩阵分析了互易性光学量联合作用对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响,做了计算机仿真验证;利用椭率概念定量分析了输出偏振光的椭圆退化问题,计算了输出光椭率与互易性光学量的关系;在输出光的椭圆退化问题上与单层保偏膜式光学电流互感器方案进行了对比.结果表明,在互易性光学量联合作用的条件下,法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的输出光仍保持线偏振状态,这将改善由温度引起的互易性光学量变化对系统工作稳定性的影响.     

无偏振效应分束器反射相移对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响

线性双折射和反射相移使光学电流互感器输出光偏振态产生椭圆退化并导致灵敏度降低,法拉第镜式光学电流互感器可以有效解决椭圆退化问题。无偏振效应分束器是构成该方案的核心器件,为了准确掌握无偏振效应分束器的性能和作用,用琼斯矩阵建立了无偏振效应分束器和法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的矩阵模型。分析了无偏振效应分束器反射相移对系统输出光偏振态的影响。提出无偏振效应分束器反射相移的测量方案并测出其常温下的实际值为5.02°,绘制了温度实验曲线。用MathCAD软件仿真了系统输出光偏振态图,并分析了椭率与无偏振效应分束器反射相移的关系。指出计量0.2级光学电流互感器所允许的反射相移漂移范围要小于0.1%。所得结果可为光学电流互感器的实用化研究提供参考。     

光学平衡桥式电流互感器的设计

为了消除传感头随温度变化的线性双折射对光学电流互感器性能的影响,提出了光学平衡桥式电流互感器的概念,并给出了设计原理.推导了与温度有关的线性双折射导致的线偏振光方化角变化量的解析式,并计算了用1/2波片来消除线性双折射影响时波片光轴的方向.给出了光学平衡桥的工作原理和信号处理的方法,推导出计算电流的表达式.进行了实验研究,螺线管电流为2 A,温度在20℃-65℃范围变化时,所设计互感器的输出误差在2.96%以内.提出的光学平衡桥式电流互感器,解决了原有方法存在的线性双折射随温度变化对测量精度影响的难题,有利于促进光学电流互感器的实用化进程.     

Faraday镜预转角对FMOCT输出光偏振态的影响

通过计算机仿真,运用琼斯矩阵理论分析了Faraday镜预转角对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响.实验测量了Faraday镜实际预转角的大小,测量了外磁场的改变对Faraday镜预转角的影响.外磁场的存在和变化使Faraday镜预转角偏离初始值,并使系统输出光由理想状态下的线偏振光退化成椭圆偏振光,并引起法拉第镜式光学电流互感器工作灵敏度和稳定性的下降.提出了用电磁屏蔽解决外界磁场影响的方法.     

偏振态对准相位匹配线性电光效应的影响

系统研究入射光为不同偏振态时的准相位匹配线性电光效应。在准相位匹配条件满足时,若入射光为线偏振光,则o光与e光能够彻底耦合,出射光仍为线偏振光,且其偏振方向可以通过外加电场调节到任意角度;若入射光为椭圆偏振光,则o光与e光不能彻底耦合,输出光为与输入光同椭圆率的椭圆偏振光,其椭圆方位角可以通过调节外加电场旋转到任意角度;若入射光为圆偏振光,则o光与e光之间没有能量耦合,输出光仍为圆偏振光。准相位匹配条件满足的线性电光效应在保偏的偏振旋转器中有重要应用。在准相位匹配条件不满足时,o光与e光由于相位失配而没有能量耦合,输出光的偏振态取决于o光与e光的初始相位差和双折射(自然双折射和电光双折射)引起的附加相位差,特别是极化占空比为0.5时,电光效应引起的双折射总效果为零。     

双折射双频激光器输出光偏振特性的实验研究

报道了双折射双频激光器输出光偏振特性的实验研究，实验发现双折射双频激光器两端输出的线偏振光的偏振方向并不一致，而相互有一定的旋转角度，实验也再次证明了激光器输出的是正交线偏振光，而不是晶体本征模的椭圆化了的偏振光。     

椭圆偏振光谱测量技术及其在薄膜材料研究中的应用

椭圆偏振光谱测量技术通过测量线偏振光经材料表面反射后光的相对振幅与相位改变量计算得到椭偏参数,再通过椭偏参数的拟合获取样品光学性质。由于其具有非接触、高灵敏度、非破坏性等优势,广泛应用于物理、化学、材料科学和微电子等方面,是一种不可或缺的光学测量手段。本文首先简要回顾了该技术的发展历程,接着阐述了传统椭偏仪的基本原理,按照测量原理的不同可将椭偏仪分为消光式和光度式。随后,本文简单介绍了一些常用椭偏仪的基本架构、测量原理和相关应用,并比较了他们的优缺点,重点展示了复旦大学研制的双重傅立叶变换红外椭偏光谱系统。然后按照椭偏参数处理的基本步骤:测量、建模与拟合3个方面,阐述了其过程,详细剖析了参数拟合所使用的各种光学色散模型,同时通过应用实例介绍了各色散模型的应用情况。最后,对未来椭偏技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于法拉第效应的空间电磁场测量的方向性研究

为了解决空间电磁场测量中的方向性问题,提出了三维测量和同时测量横、纵向磁场的两种方案.利用琼斯矩阵对三种晶体实例(TbY)IG、Ce:YIG和YIG进行误差计算和仿真,并对MR4磁光玻璃的方向性进行实验测试,理论和实验都证明采用三维测量的方法是可行的.对于第二种方案,利用琼斯矩阵进行公式推导得出椭圆偏振光的方位角、椭偏角与法拉第旋转角、磁致线双折射的数值关系,证明了同时测量横向和纵向磁场分量的可行性.     

不同热处理的GeTe薄膜的光学参数测量

运用一种新的测量单面镀膜膜层光学参数的方法，对不同热处理的ＧｅＴｅ半导体薄膜样品的光学参数进行了测量，准确地获得了被测薄膜材料的光学参数，并采用椭圆偏振光谱测量作比较研究。经此为基础，对用椭偏仪测得的数据进行拟合计算，得出了样品材料在２５０～８３０ｎｍ波段范围的复折射曲线。     

光学玻璃电流互感器中互易性问题的理论研究

针对“折返式光路在可使Faraday效应加倍的同时消除线性双折射的影响”的说法,导出了具有折返光路的正交共轭反射式（OCR式）、直接反射式（DR式）及屋脊棱镜反射式（RPR式）光学电流传感器模型的等效传输矩阵.结果表明,当不存在法拉第效应时,OCR式折返光路可以消除线性双折射影响,DR式以及RPR式折返光路不能消除线性双折射的影响;在法拉第效应与双折射同时存在时情况下,上述三种折返光路都不能消除线性双折射的影响.因此,这一说法至少在采用惯常的差除和信号处理方案的光学玻璃电流互感器中是否成立有待商榷.     

Faraday mirror-typed optical current transformers and its theoretical analysis

A Faraday mirror-typed optical current transformer (OCT) design with turn-back optical paths is proposed to overcome the harmful effects of the linear birefringence inside bulk glass current sensing head, which can double the sensitivity and improve the state of polarization of the system output. The theoretical analysis of the working principle, the simulation of the polarization state of the output light beam and the comparison between it and the OCT with polarization preserving total reflection (PPTR) layers are presented. The results show that this design has a good suppressing effect on the degeneration of the polarization state of the output light, which has certain reference significance on the performance improvement of the present bulk glass OCT, and the development of practical OCTs.     

Laser Intensity Variation in Amplitude and Phase Induced by Elliptically Polarized Feedback

The laser output characteristics under elliptically polarized optical feedback effect are studied. Elliptically polarized light is generated by wave plate placed in the feedback cavity. By analyzing the amplitude and phase of the laser output in the orthogonal direction, some new phenomena are firstly discovered and explained theoretically.Elliptically polarized feedback light is amplified in the gain medium in the resonator, and the direction perpendicular to the original polarization direction is easiest to oscillate. The laser intensity variation in amplitude and phase are related to the amplified mode and the anisotropy of external cavity. The theoretical analysis and experimental results agree well. Because the output characteristic of the laser has a relationship with the anisotropy of the external cavity, the phenomenon also provides a method for measuring birefringence.     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.     

Propagation of elliptically polarized laser pulses in isotropic gyrotropic medium with relaxation cubic nonlinearity and anomalous frequency dispersion

The self-action of elliptically polarized Gaussian laser pulses in an isotropic gyrotropic medium with an anomalous frequency dispersion and cubic Kerr nonlinearity with a finite relaxation time on the order of the pulse duration is numerically studied. It is shown that, at the output of the medium, the pulse polarization nonmonotonically varies with time. The main peak of the pulse is additionally delayed compared to the time of passing the linear medium; the value of this delay significantly depends on the polarization of the incident pulse and achieves a maximum for incident pulses whose degree of ellipticity is equal to the ratio of the material constants characterizing the local and nonlocal nonlinear optical response of the medium. It seems promising to search for possible differences in relaxation times depending on the intensity of additions to the refractive indices of the right and left circularly polarized waves by investigating the time dependence of polarization characteristics at the output of the medium.     

Amplification of electromagnetic field in the course of the nonrelativistic electron scattering by ion in the presence of the field of the medium-intensity elliptically polarized light wave

The amplification factor of the electromagnetic field is theoretically studied for the scattering of nonrelativistic electrons by ions in the presence of the field of the elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave. A simple analytical formula for the gain is derived for the medium-intensity range. The formula supplements and extends the domain of applicability of the known Marcuse formula for the linear polarization in the presence of a weak field. It is demonstrated that the maximum gain is reached when the initial electron velocities belong to the polarization plane of the electromagnetic wave. In the range of optical frequencies, the amplification factor of the laser radiation can be significant for relatively high powers of electron beams.     

Spin rings in semiconductor microcavities

New effects of self-organization and polarization pattern formation in semiconductor microcavities, operating in the nonlinear regime, are predicted and theoretically analyzed. We show that a spatially inhomogeneous elliptically polarized optical cw pump leads to the formation of a strongly circularly polarized ring in real space. This effect is due to the polarization multistability of cavity polaritons which was recently predicted. The possible switching between different stable configurations allows the realization of a localized spin memory element, suitable for an optical data storage device.     

Polarization locked vector solitons and axis instability in optical fiber

We experimentally observe polarization-locked vector solitons in optical fiber. Polarization locked-vector solitons use nonlinearity to preserve their polarization state despite the presence of birefringence. To achieve conditions where the delicate balance between nonlinearity and birefringence can survive, we studied the polarization evolution of the pulses circulating in a laser constructed entirely of optical fiber. We observe two distinct states with fixed polarization. This first state occurs for very small values birefringence and is elliptically polarized. We measure the relative phase between orthogonal components along the two principal axes to be +/-pi/2. The relative amplitude varies linearly with the magnitude of the birefringence. This state is a polarization locked vector soliton. The second, linearly polarized, state occurs for larger values of birefringence. The second state is due to the fast axis instability. We provide complete characterization of these states, and present a physical explanation of both of these states and the stability of the polarization locked vector solitons. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.     

Polarization Bistability due to Optical Feedback

An optical ring cavity filled with an isotropic medium is driven externally. Two waves of the same frequency but of different polarization are coupled nonlinearly by a Kerr type interaction. It is theoretically shown that the symmetry of the linear polarized input field may be broken spontaneously. Beyond an intensity threshold the output field gets elliptic polarization. Right and left elliptic states are stable. The system shows polarization bistability.