8-硝基-1-苯基-3, 3-二甲基吲哚苯骈螺吡喃的光化学

标题螺吡喃(Sp)甲醇溶液直接和二苯酮敏化光发色反应的量子产率分别是0.38和0.53, 2, 3-丁二酮首先猝灭三线态的光发色, 然后, 在较高浓度时, 猝灭单线态的光反应。从敏化和猝灭反应的动力学分析, 计算在直接光解中的初级光物理、光化学过程的量子产率。数据表明, Sp的三线态和单线态都有光反应活性, 这与反应状态相关图分析结果相一致。三线态的参数是3^г=2.2×10^-3ms, k~r=9.13×10^4s^-1, k~d=8.27×10^4s^-1。而且, 一旦生成激发三线态, 它的光化学活性大约比激发单线态大2倍。     

8-硝基-1-苯基-3, 3-二甲基吲哚苯骈螺吡喃的光化学

标题螺吡喃(Sp)甲醇溶液直接和二苯酮敏化光发色反应的量子产率分别是0.38和0.53.2,3-丁二酮首先猝灭三线态的光发色,然后,在较高浓度时,猝灭单线态的光反应.从敏化和猝灭反应的动力学分析,计算在直接光解中的初级光物理、光化学过程的量子产率.数据表明,Sp的三线态和单线态都有光反应活性,这与反应状态相关图分析结果相一致.三线态的参数是~3τ=2.2×10~(-3) ms,κ_r=9.13×10~4s~(-1),κ_(?)=8.27×10~4 s~(-1).而且,一旦生成激发三线态,它的光化学活性大约比激发单线态大2倍.     

9,9-二(十六烷基)芴基二聚炔铂、金和汞配合物的合成与性质

用Hagihara脱氢卤代法合成了三种新的9,9-二(十六烷基)芴基二聚炔铂(d⁸)、金和汞(d¹⁰)化合物反式- [Pt(Ph)(PEt₃)₂C≡CRC≡CPt(Ph)(PEt₃)₂, [(PPh₃)AuC≡CRC≡CAu(PPh₃)]和[MeHgC≡CRC≡CHgMe] [R＝9,9-二(十六烷基)芴基]. 用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ³¹P NMR, FT-IR, FAB-MS, UV-Vis, 荧光和磷光光谱对其进行了表征. 结果表明, 体系中的铂、金和汞产生的重原子效应可以有效地促进单线激发态S₁与三线激发态T₁的系间跃迁, 使标题化合物产生有机三线态发光.     

流动注射电化学发光测定动物饲料中6-丙基-2-硫脲嘧啶含量的研究

基于6-丙基-2-硫脲嘧啶（PTU）对三联吡啶钌(Ru（bpy）₃²⁺)电化学发光（ECL）有强烈的增敏作用,建立了流动注射电化学发光（FI-ECL）检测PTU的新方法。通过考察影响体系电化学发光的因素(如电压信号类型及电位、缓冲溶液pH值、载液流速及Ru（bPY）₃²⁺浓度等),得到FI-ECL测定PTU的最佳条件,并提出了可能的反应机理。研究结果表明,在0.1 mol/L pH 12.0的H₃PO₄-NaOH缓冲介质中,控制恒电位为+1.50 V,Ru（bpy）₃²⁺浓度为1.0×10^-4mol/L,载液流速为1.5 mL/min,PTU对Ru（bpy）₃²⁺的电化学发光具有最大的增敏作用。在此条件下,测得PTU的线性范围为2.0×10^-71.0×10^-4mol/L（r²=0.998 6）,检出限（S/N=3）为1.3×10^-8mol/L,对7份浓度均为1.0×10^-6mol/L的PTU标准溶液进行测定,所得结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,用于模拟动物饲料中PTU含量的检测,结果满意。     

一系列Ru(II)配合物电致化学发光性质的比较研究

比较研究了以C₂O₄^2－为共反应物时5个结构相关的Ru(II)配合物[Ru(bpy)₂L¹]^2＋, [Ru(bpy)₂L²]^2＋, [Ru(bpy)₂L³]^2＋, [Ru(phen)₂L¹]^2＋和[Ru(phen)₂L²]^2＋(其中bpy＝2,2′-联吡啶, phen＝1,10-邻菲啰啉, L¹＝4-羧基苯基咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉, L²＝3-羧基-4-羟基苯基咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉, L³＝3,4-二羟基苯基咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉)的电致化学发光(ECL)性质. 结果表明, 酚羟基的存在能有效地淬灭Ru(II)配合物[Ru(bpy)₂L²]^2＋, [Ru(bpy)₂L³]^2＋和[Ru(phen)₂L²]^2＋的ECL, 其它Ru(II)配合物的ECL量子效率与[Ru(bpy)₃]^2＋相差不大.     

离子交换动力学的研究——Ⅱ.在阳离子交换树脂上钴(Ⅱ)和钙的粒子扩散系数的测定

本文报告钙式树脂[含痕量钻(Ⅱ)]和氯化钙溶液,钻式树脂和氯化钙、氯化镁及氯化钡溶液的粒子扩散速率的测定。个别离子的迁移率对交换速率有影响,粒子扩散系数随平衡分数而改变。在Zerolit 225离子交换树脂上,钻(Ⅱ)和钙的粒子扩散系数依次为1.98×10^-7和1.37×10^-7厘米²·秒^-1。     

不对称五氮齿镉和铟大环配合物的激发态性能研究

本文研究了不对称五氮齿镉和铟大环配合物的激发态性能及其光稳定性。结果表明:它们的三重态能量在120kJ/mol左右,最低激发三重态敏化产生单重态氧的量子产率在0.6～0.9,它们的分子一阶超极化率在～10^-28esu,在光照的条件下,配合物Ⅰ相当稳定,而配合Ⅱ则形成不稳定化合物导致光褪色。     

罗丹明内酰胺和铜离子荧光法检测人工湿地中的磷酸根离子

研究发现,PO₄^3-在中性条件下抑制Cu^2-催化罗丹明内酰胺水解生成强荧光罗丹明B的反应,抑制的程度与PO₄^3-的浓度具有线性关系。由此,建立了检测PO₄^3-的荧光分光光度法。在pH 7.0的条件下,方法的线性范围为3.0×10^-6～4.5×10^-5mol/L,相关系数为0.9938,检出限（3σ）为1.6×10^-7mol/L。本方法用于人工湿地中PO₄^3-的检测,加标回收率为93.0%～108.0%,相对标准偏差小于6.0%。     

2-(2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-C60的合成及在花椰菜花叶病毒启动子DNA传感检测中的应用

通过1,3-偶极[3＋2]环加成反应, 合成了2-(2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-C₆₀吡咯烷衍生物(HMP-C₆₀); 采用红外光谱、 紫外吸收光谱、 元素分析和液相色谱-质谱联用技术对产物的化学结构进行了表征. 基于该衍生物具有功能性的含氮和含氧基团, 通过滴涂法将其修饰在玻碳电极表面上, 并以Zr⁴⁺为桥联试剂将探针DNA通过 5′-PO₄^{3 -}组装到HMP-C₆₀修饰电极表面, 构建了基于HMP-C₆₀修饰电极的电化学DNA传感器. 以[Fe(CN)₆]^3-/4-为电活性探针, 对不同修饰电极进行了电化学表征, 并采用电化学交流阻抗法考察了该传感器对花椰菜花叶病毒(CaMV35S)启动子特征片段的分析性能. 实验结果表明, 在1.0×10^-13 ~ 1.0×10^-9 mol/L浓度范围内, 该电化学传感器电子转移阻抗变化值(ΔR_et)与目标序列浓度对数(lgc_S2)呈现良好的线性关系, 检出限为4.0×10^-14 mol/L (S/N=3). 该传感器能有效识别完全互补序列、 碱基错配序列和非互补序列, 表现出良好的选择性.     

光敏络合催化光解水析氢的电化学模拟

Durham等^[1]曾利用Pt(黑)|lN HCl‖Ru(bipy)₃²⁺、MV²⁺、EDTA(pH=9)|Pt(网)电池模拟光解水析氢反应。但该装置的左、右二半电池中溶液的pH值相差9以上,相当于外加0.5V以上的偏压,因此,不能真实地模拟自发的光解水析氢过程。     

RELATIVE REACTIVITIES OF THE EXCITED STATES OF FUROCOUMARINS FOR [2+2] PHOTOCYCLOADDITION REACTION WITH TETRAMETHYLETHYLENE

Abstract— The Stern-Volmer constants for fluorescence quenching by tetramethylethylene decrease in the order DMC ≫ DHP > F-2 > 8-MOP. The same order was observed for the quantum yields of [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with tetramethylethylene on direct irradiation. In [2+2] photocycloaddition of F-2 with tetramethylethylene in ethanol, the ratio of quantum yields deduced from singlet and triplet states of F-2; φ₃⁰/φ₁⁰, is about 5. The excited triplet state is the reactive state for the [2+2] photocycloaddition of F-2 with tetramethylethylene in solution but the excited singlet state of F-2 becomes very important in biological conditions.     

自由基照相体系的ESR波谱研究

本文用自旋捕获剂t-BuNO(2-甲基2-亚硝基丙烷)与ESR技术结合的方法研究了CBr₄-φ₂NH、CBr₄-LCV及CBr₄-LMG体系的光化学过程。从ESR谱的超精细结构及其随组分浓度的变化,证实了上述体系中除有Br^·外,还分别形成了 自由基。由这些体系在避光条件下的UV谱,证明溶液中存在(HX…CBr₄)型的部分电荷转移络合物。因此,上述自由基照相体系的光引发反应既包括CBr₄的光解,又包括(HX…CBr₄)^*的光解。     

The discrimination between triplet state and radical cation in the pulse radiolysis of bithiophene in CCl4

The triplet state (³2T) and the radical cation (2T⁺√) of 2,2′-bithiophene (2T) are characterized by pulse radiolysis in CCl₄. Two main absorption bands at 360 and 420 nm are respectively attributed to ³2T* and to 2T⁺√. The triplet, induced in an excited state through a Förster mechanism, undergoes a conformational rearrangement (k₆=(6.8±0.9)×10⁶ s⁻¹). The radical cation is produced both through a resonance charge transfer and a second diffusional process; the two oxidizing species are respectively CCl₄⁺√ and (CCl⁺₃Cl⁻)_solv through the mediation of a singlet excited state, ¹2T*.     

PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF FLAVINS. II. PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALLOXAZINES AND ISOALLOXAZINES

Abstract. Pulsed laser photolysis at 347nm has been used to study the transient spectroscopy of alloxazine, lumichrome, lumiflavin, and riboflavin in acidic (pH 2.2) aqueous solution and in ethanol. Intersystem crossing quantum yields (φ_ISC) were determined by a modification of the comparative laser excitation method which utilizes the variation of the triplet yield with intensity in conjunction with a kinetic model for the various photophysical and photochemical processes occurring during the pulse. Fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes are also reported. Correction for quenching of the excited singlet state by H⁺ ions shows that, in neutral aqueous solution, intersystem crossing for flavins is an efficient process (φ_ISC˜ 0.7) which, in conjunction with fluorescence, accounts for the fate of all absorbed photons. For alloxazine (φ_ISC˜ 0.45) and lumichrome (φ_ISC˜ 0.7) the results are more difficult to interpret owing to interconversion between alloxazine and isoalloxazine structures in the singlet excited state. For all four compounds, the quantum yield of products derived from the singlet excited state is estimated as ˜0.04. There is evidence of biphotonic product formation at high laser energies. In ethanol, where φ_ISC for lumichrome is about twice that of lumiflavin, internal conversion between the excited singlet and ground states appears to be a significant process. Complete triplet-triplet absorption spectra in the region 260–750nm are reported. For lumichrome at pH 2.2 there is spectral evidence for isomeric triplet states which appear to be in equilibrium.     

分子光化学贮存太阳能 Ⅲ.双环[2,2,1]-2,5-庚二烯的光诱导电子转移敏化异构化反应

以N,N,N′,N′-四甲基联苯二胺、2,6-二甲氧基萘和2,7-二甲氧基萘为光敏剂,在正己烷溶液中实现了双环[2,2,1]-2,5-庚二烯到四环[2,2,1,0^2,6,0^3,5]庚烷的异构化。测定了反应的量子产率。讨论了反应机理。通过激发态的光敏剂与二烯之间的电子转移反应,形成单重态和三重态处于平衡状态的离子自由基对中间体。处于溶剂笼中的三重态离子自由基对经电子反传,产生激发三重态二烯。最后该激发态二烯经分子内[2+2]环合加成反应异构化为四环烷。     

Triplet excited-state characterization and determination of the photoionization mechanism of the antitumoral drug pazelliptine

The triplet properties of the excited triplet state of pazelliptine (PZE), an antitumoral drug derived from ellipticine, were investigated in dioxane, ethanol and buffer aqueous solutions using the laser flash photolysis technique. The triplet absorption spectra and the kinetic parameters associated with the excited state decay were quite similar in the different solvents. ³PZE reacted with unexcited PZE in deaerated solutions (k = 6 × 10¹⁰ M⁻¹ s⁻¹) and was quenched by oxygen (k ≈ 2 × 10⁷ s⁻¹). The extinction coefficients of the triplet transition were estimated and used to calculate the singlet-triplet intersystem crossing quantum yields of about 5%.

A biphotonic ionization of PZE in buffer aqueous solution has been demonstrated in a previous work. This process was also observed in ethanol but not in dioxane. Mixed yttrium aluminum garnet laser harmonics (355 nm + 532 nm) and delayed-pulse experiments were carried out in order to determine the intermediate excited state involved in this photoionization process. The results indicate that pazelliptine radical cation and e⁻_s are formed via a consecutive two-photon absoprtion in which the first excited singlet state is the only intermediate.     

THE CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRIPLET STATE OF CROCETIN, A WATER SOLUBLE CAROTENOID, BY NANOSECOND LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSES

Abstract— The triplet state of crocetin, which is a water soluble carotenoid, has been sensitized by psoralen. The triplet extinction coefficient, ε_T (73000 dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1 at 470 nm), the triplet-triplet spectrum and the quantum yield of triplet formation, φ_T (less than 1%) are reported in aqueous solution.
In order to calculate the extinction coefficient of crocetin it was necessary to obtain ε_T for psoralen in water (10000dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1 at 450 nm). This latter value was obtained using the complete conversion technique and is reported with the triplet-triplet spectrum.     

THE INTERACTION OF THE EXCITED STATES OF SAFRANINE T WITH ALIPHATIC AMINES IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Abstract—
The reactions of the excited states of safranine T with aliphatic amines have been studied in methanol and acetonitrile. Quenching of the singlet and triplet states occurs by different mechanisms. Whereas the former excited state is quenched by a charge-transfer mechanism, the triplet state is quenched through proton transfer from the excited dye to the amine. This process leads to the unprotonated form of the dye in the triplet state, which is later quenched by amines to form the corresponding semireduced species. The monoprotonated triplet also undergoes self-quenching in both solvents (k = 1.2 × 10⁸ M ^-1 s^-1).     

芘四磺酸钠水溶液激光闪光光解机理

采用激光闪光光解-瞬态吸收光谱技术研究了355nm激光作用下芘四磺酸钠(PyTS)水溶液的光化学反应机理及其产生水合电子的动力学行为.研究首次发现PyTS水溶液激发单线态(PyTS1*)在260nm、激发三线态(PyTS3*)在300nm及阴离子自由基(PyTS-?)在330nm处的特征吸收峰;分析了生成的水合电子(e-aq)的主要反应途径包括自猝灭反应及与PyTS的反应,得到水合电子与PyTS反应的准一级速率常数为2.7′105s-1;并计算得到在此实验条件下,PyTS水溶液经双光子吸收产生的水合电子量子产率为3.2′10-2.     

Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of the lowest triplet state of thymine and thymidine

Vibrational spectra of the lowest energy triplet states of thymine and its 2′-deoxyribonucleoside, thymidine, are reported for the first time. Time-resolved infrared (TRIR) difference spectra were recorded over seven decades of time from 300 fs to 3 μs using femtosecond and nanosecond pump-probe techniques. The carbonyl stretch bands in the triplet state are seen at 1603 and 1700 cm⁻¹ in room-temperature acetonitrile-d₃ solution. These bands and additional ones observed between 1300 and 1450 cm⁻¹ are quenched by dissolved oxygen on a nanosecond time scale. Density-functional calculations accurately predict the difference spectrum between triplet and singlet IR absorption cross sections, confirming the peak assignments and elucidating the nature of the vibrational modes. In the triplet state, the C4O carbonyl exhibits substantial single-bond character, explaining the large (70 cm⁻¹) red shift in this vibration, relative to the singlet ground state. Femtosecond TRIR measurements unambiguously demonstrate that the triplet state is fully formed within the first 10 ps after excitation, ruling out a relaxed ¹nπ^* state as the triplet precursor.