γ-丁内酯溶剂效应的红外光谱

在19种不同有机溶剂中测定γ-丁内酯的红外光谱,研究溶质-溶剂间相互作用,并进行了溶质的羰基伸缩振动频率位移与溶剂参数相关性分析。结果表明,在所考察的溶剂(除正己烷和环己烷外)中,γ-丁内酯与溶剂间形成非键缔合物。缔合物的羰基伸缩振动频率(带)和游离γ-丁内酯的羰基伸缩振动频率(带)位移与溶剂参数AN、S值、ET(30)值、G值、Swain参数Aj和Bj以及LSER间具有较好的线性相关性。溶剂与γ-丁内酯相互作用中,溶剂的接受电子对的能力和极性起着重要作用。这意味着溶剂与γ-丁内酯形成非键缔合物时的主要作用力是氢键作用和偶极-偶极作用。     

取代基对1,5-双(P-取代苯基)1,4-戊二烯-3-酮化合物红外光谱的影响

红外光谱中取代基效应的线性自由能关系不如电子光谱中研究的深入,一般相关系数也低些。Brown等曾报道取代基对苯乙酮红外光谱的影响,薛价猷等研究过取代基对1,4一双[β-(4-取代苯基)乙烯基]苯化合物红外光谱的影响。关于取代基对1,5-双(P-取代苯基)-1,4-戊二烯-3-酮化合物红外光谱的影响尚未见报道。我们合成了七种化合物,并测绘了它们的红外光谱,发现取代基常数σ_p,σ_p~+与羰基伸缩振动频率γ_(c=0)之间存在良好的线性关系。     

9—甲氧基苯并氧杂蒽—3,4—二甲酰亚胺类荧光染料红外光谱的研究

对所合成的８支新的９－甲氧基苯并氧杂蒽－３，４－二甲酰亚胺类荧光染料的特征红外光谱进行了研究，指出了取你基对其光谱性质的影响，由于存在中介效应和诱导效应，酰亚胺环上Ｎ原子上的取代基影响羰基伸缩动吸收峰的位置，酰亚胺存在对称与不对称两种中羰基伸缩振动（１６００－１７００ｃｍ＾－１），它们的波数相差３６－４３ｃｍ＾－１     

5α-雄甾烷-3,17二-酮在一元溶剂中的红外光谱

在20种不同纯有机溶剂中,研究了5α-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮C3位和C17位羰基的红外光谱。将其羰基伸缩振动频率分别与经验溶剂参数如溶剂接受数AN、Brownstein的溶剂参数S和Schleyer线性自由能方程参数G值进行了相关分析。结果表明,C3位C=O在一元溶剂体系中出现2种谱带,而C17位C=O则出现3种谱带。羰基伸缩振动频率位移与AN值、G值具有较好的线性相关性,而在非醇溶剂中与S值线性相关较差。采用简单化合物丙酮分别对溶剂硝基苯、乙腈、二氯甲烷和氯仿的S值进行修正,并将复杂甾酮化合物5α-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮的羰基红外频率与S修正值进行线性分析,相关性良好。     

5α-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮在一元溶剂的红外光谱

在20种不同纯有机溶剂中,研究了5a-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮C3位和C17位羰基的红外光谱.将其羰基伸缩振动频率分别与经验溶剂参数如溶剂接受数AN、Brownstein的溶剂参数S和Schleyer线性自由能方程参数G值进行了相关分析.结果表明,C3位C=O在一元溶剂体系中出现2种谱带,而C17位C=O则出现3种谱带.羰基伸缩振动频率位移与AN值、G值具有较好的线性相关性,而在非醇溶剂中与S值线性相关较差.采用简单化合物丙酮分别对溶剂硝基苯、乙腈、二氯甲烷和氯仿的S值进行修正,并将复杂甾酮化合物5a-雄甾烷-3,17-二酮的羰基红外频率与S修正值进行线性分析,相关性良好.     

不同溶剂中取代基对芳香胺红外吸收光谱的影响

对２１种芳香胺在不同极性的溶剂中测定了红外光谱,并对不同取代基对氨基的对称伸缩动和非对称伸缩振动吸收峰峰位的影响进行了讨论。甲基在不同极性的溶剂中表现不同的电子效应;甲氧基处于氨基的邻位的电子效应和处于间位时不同,氯和硝基取代基使氨基的两吸收峰均向蓝移,氨基取代基使氨基的两吸收峰向红移。     

拉曼光谱方法研究1,1,3,3-四甲基脲的溶剂效应

测量了1,1,3,3-四甲基脲(TMU)在20种不同溶剂中的拉曼光谱,研究了TMU与溶剂之间的相互作用.将TMU羰基的拉曼频移分别与Kirkwood-Bauer-Magat(KBM)参数(ε-1)/(2ε+1)、溶剂受体数(acceptor number,AN)和线性溶剂自由能关系(linear solvation energy relationships,LSER)进行相关分析.结果表明,TMU的C=O键振动频移与KBM参数没有很好的线性关系,和受体数之间存在比较好的相关性,与LSER参数的线性关系最好.按受体数把溶剂分为质子性溶剂和非质子性溶剂,分别和羰基频移有好的相关性.通过对LSER参数的分析,可以很好地解释溶质和溶剂间的相互作用.     

拉曼光谱方法研究疏水作用对四甲基脲氢键形成的影响

测得了四甲基脲(TMU)与水,甲醇和乙醇及N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)与水二元体系的拉曼光谱,分析二元溶液混合体系中羰基伸缩振动的频移随体积比变化的规律,从光谱的变化中可以得出羰基频移经历两个阶段： 首先,羰基伸缩振动随体系中氢键受体体积比的增加向低波数方向移动;其次,当二元混合体系中体积比超过一个临界值后,羰基伸缩振动振动频率不变,变化的仅仅是相对强度。通过分析临界体积比可以得出TMU与水相互作用中水是以较大缔合分子形式存在;而TMU与甲醇、乙醇,DMF与水相互作用中是以单分子或小的缔合分子形式存在的。     

分子振光谱中的吸电子效应和供电子效应

本文就分子振动光谱中的吸电子效应和供电子效应提出了新观点：对共价键来说，吸电子效应使化学键强度增加，因而伸缩振动频率升高；供电子效应使供价键强度减弱，因而伸缩振动频率降低。对于配价键而言，如果取代基和配价键中提供电子对的原子相连，则供电子取代基使配价键加强，因而配价键的伸缩振动频率升高；吸电子取代基使配价键减弱，因而其伸缩振动频率降低。如果取代基和配价键中的受电子原子相连，则取代基的电子效应正好相     

H2SiCl2 中 SiH 伸缩振动的泛频光谱

在2000 ～ 9000 波数 、 12000 ～12900 波数的光谱区间记录了室温下H2SiCl2气体分子的振动泛频光谱，所用的仪器分别是高分辨傅立叶变换光谱仪和高灵敏激光腔内吸收光谱仪。用局域模模型和包含达林－丹尼生共振的简正模模型，归属了SiH伸缩振动的基频和泛频，振动量子数的改变△VSiH=1, 2, 3, 4 and 6。通过对实验能级的非线性拟合，得到SiH伸缩振动的谐振频率ωm、非谐性常数χm、键间耦合系数λ、莫尔斯振子参数 De、α 和相互作用力常数 。实验发现，随着振动能量的增加，振动簇（manifold，两个SiH键的伸缩振动量子数m+n=常数 ）中能量最低的两个能级的间距逐渐减小。当△VSiH≥4时，在实验误差范围内这两个最低的振动态能级简并。这种简并的能级结构类似双原子莫尔斯振子，符合Birge-Sponer 关系。双原子莫尔斯振子直接描述了H2SiCl2分子中SiH 的高泛频伸缩振动，表明在高振动情况下振动能量已经集中到单个SiH键上。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.