固体超强酸催化剂SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-WO_3的制备及其催化性能研究

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO2 -4/TiO2 WO3 ,并以丁酸丁酯的合成作为探针反应 ,系统考察了WO3 的含量、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度等制备条件对SO2 -4/TiO2 WO3 催化活性的影响 .实验表明 :制备催化剂的适宜条件为m(H2 WO4) =12 5 % ,硫酸浸渍浓度为 1 0mol·L-1,焙烧温度为 5 80℃ ,活化时间 3h .利用优化条件下制备的催化剂SO2 -4/TiO2 WO3 催化合成缩醛 (酮 ) ,在醛 /酮与二元醇 (乙二醇 ,1,2 丙二醇 )的投料摩尔比为 1∶1 5 ,催化剂的用量占反应物总投料质量的 0 5 % ,反应时间为 1h条件下 ,2 甲基 2 乙氧羰甲基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 78 7% ,2 ,4 二甲基 2 乙氧羰甲基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 83 0 % ,环己酮 -乙二醇缩酮的收率为 85 9% ,环己酮 1,2 丙二醇缩酮的收率为 84 6% ,丁酮 -乙二醇缩酮的收率为70 7% ,丁酮 1,2 丙二醇缩酮的收率为 88 3 % ,2 丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 80 6% ,4 甲基 2 丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 79 6% ,2 异丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 64 2 % ,4 甲基 2 异丙基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 83 3 % ,2 苯基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 75 3 % ,4 甲基 2 苯基 1,3 二氧环戊烷的收率为 95 1% .     

固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/TiO2-WO3的制备及其催化性能研究

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO2-4/TiO2-WO3,并以丁酸丁酯的合成作为探针反应,系统考察了WO3的含量、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度等制备条件对SO2-4/TiO2-WO3催化活性的影响.实验表明:制备催化剂的适宜条件为m(H2WO4)=12.5%,硫酸浸渍浓度为1.0 mol·L-1,焙烧温度为580℃,活化时间3 h.利用优化条件下制备的催化剂SO2-4/TiO2-WO3催化合成缩醛(酮),在醛/酮与二元醇(乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇)的投料摩尔比为1:1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物总投料质量的0.5%,反应时间为l h条件下,2-甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为78.7%,2,4-二甲基-2-乙氧羰甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为83.0%,环己酮-乙二醇缩酮的收率为85.9%,环己酮-1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率为84.6%,丁酮-乙二醇缩酮的收率为70.7%,丁酮-1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率为88.3%,2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为80.6%,4-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为79.6%,2-异丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为64.2%,4-甲基-2-异丙基-1,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为83.3%,2-苯基-l,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为75.3%,4-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷的收率为95.1%.     

磷钨酸镧催化合成缩醛(酮)的研究

以磷钨酸镧为催化剂催化合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛、苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛及环己酮乙二醇缩酮.较系统研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对反应的影响.结果表明:在醛(酮)/二元醇(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇)=1.0:1.5(mol/mol),催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂,在反应温度86～96℃条件下,反应时间2.0h,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率为78.5%,苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛收率为76.1%,环己酮乙二醇缩酮收率为79.5%.     

介孔分子筛MCM-41负载磷钨酸催化合成香兰素1,2-丙二醇缩醛

以香兰素和1,2-丙二醇为原料,以介孔分子筛MCM-41负载磷钨酸为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,合成了香兰素1,2-丙二醇缩醛.考察了醛醇物质的量比、反应时间、带水剂用量、催化剂用量及负载量对产率的影响.实验表明,介孔分子筛MCM-41负载磷钨酸是合成香兰素1,2-丙二醇缩醛的理想催化剂,较优反应条件为:n(香兰素)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶2.4,负载量为50%,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.0%,带水剂环己烷15mL,回流反应2.0h,香兰素1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率达92%以上.     

3-甲基-9-芳基-1,8-二氧代-2,10-二氧杂蒽衍生物的合成

以芳醛、4-羟基-6-甲基-2-吡喃酮和1,3-环己二酮为原料,乙二醇为溶剂合成了一系列3-甲基-9-芳基-1,8-二氧代-2,10-二氧杂蒽衍生物.该反应产率高(70%～83%)、操作简单、后处理方便.产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱及单晶X射线衍射法表征.     

新型芝麻酚并吡喃螺环氧化吲哚拼接衍生物的合成

以二氯甲烷为溶剂,1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷为催化剂,取代靛红,芝麻酚和丙二腈经三组分Michael-环化反应合成了16个新型的芝麻酚并吡喃螺环氧化吲哚拼接衍生物——6-胺基-5'-取代基-1'-取代基-2'-氧-7'-取代基螺环[1,3]-二氧亚甲基-[4,5-并]-苯并吡喃-8,3'-吲哚基]-7-腈,产率85%~96%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-ESI-MS表征。讨论了底物上的取代基对反应速度和产率的影响。     

螺环倍半萜(±)-茅苍术醇和(±)-沉香螺醇的改进合成

以2,4-二氧代戊酸甲酯(1)和1,5-二甲基-6-亚甲基环己烯(2)为原料,通过[2+2]光环加成和retro-Benzilicacid重排,合成了具有螺[4,5]癸烷结构的岩兰烷基本碳架的化合物3.用锌粉选择还原五元环上碳碳双键得螺环二酮(4),对环外羰基实施保护并将环上酮基转化为亚甲基得到重要的合成前体6,经与甲基溴化镁的格氏反应生成混合的标题化合物.利用羟基和异氰酸苯酯的反应生成一对N-苯基氨基甲酸酯异构体(12),二者分离后经四氢铝锂还原,完成了螺环倍半萜(±)-茅苍术醇和(±)-沉香螺醇的全合成.     

Dawson型磷钨钒杂多酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

环己酮乙二醇缩酮又称1,4-二氧杂螺[4,5]癸烷,系缩酮类化合物,是重要的化工中间体,可作为特殊的反应溶剂及羰基保护基团。由于缩酮具有优于母体羰基化合物特殊的香气,其作为新型香晶、香料在日用化工和食品工业中已得到广泛应用。环己乙二醇缩酮通常在腐蚀酸无机酸如硫酸作用下     

微波辐射一步法合成吡喃和吡喃[2, 3-c]吡唑衍生物

芳醛、丙二腈与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮或3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑啉-5-酮在乙醇溶剂中用哌啶作催化剂,经微波辐射一步合成了2-氨基-3-氰基-4-芳基-7,7-二甲基-5-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢苯并吡喃和6-氨基-5-氰基-4-芳基-1,4-二氢吡喃[2,3-c]吡唑,反应在2～12min内完成,产率53%～91%。     

无溶剂一锅法合成新型8-芳基-7,8-二氢-[1,3]二氧戊环并[4,5-g]喹啉-6(5H)-酮类化合物

采用微波辅助,经三组分(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯胺,2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环-4,6-二酮和取代芳醛)无溶剂一锅法合成了10个新型的8-芳基-7,8-二氢-[1,3]二氧戊环并[4,5-g]喹啉-6(5H)-酮类化合物,产率75.7%~83.5%,其结构经1H NMR,FT-IR,ESI-MS和元素分析表征。     

1H NMR investigations on the conformation of the spirodioxolanes derived from vicinal diols. II—The ketal of cyclohexanone and racemic 1,2-propanediol

The methylene, methine and methyl protons at C-2 and C-3 from the dioxolane moiety in 2-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane constitute an ABMX₃ coupling system. The analysis data obtained and, also, the application of the Karplus rule to the value of the J(AB) vicinal coupling constant, confirm the axial orientation of the A methine proton and the pseudoequatorial orientation of the B methylene proton. These findings agree with a ‘half-chair’ conformation of the 1,3-dioxolane ring.     

Acetalation and Ketalation Catalyzed by SO42-/TiO2-MoO3

The catalytic activities of SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 in synthesizing cyclohexanone ethylene ketal,cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal, 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane,2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, butanone ethy-lene ketal and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal were reported. It has been demonstrated that SO42-/TiO2-MoO3 is an excellent catalyst. Various factors concerned in this reaction have been investigated. The optimum conditions have been found, that is, the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to alcohol was 1:1.5 or 1:1.3,the mass ratio of the catalyst used to the reactants was 0.25～1.5%, and the reaction time was 45～60 min. Under this conditions, the yield of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal is 82.7%, cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 83.4%, the yield of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane is 68.1%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 87.5%, the yield of 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 70.7%,4-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane is 82.5%, the yield of butanone ethylene ketal is 74.1%, and butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 94.9%.Some equation and experiment results concerned of the synthetic acetals or ketals were listed as follows.     

Preparation and radical ring-opening polymerization of 2-substituted-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes

2-Methyl-2-phenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane ( IIa ), 2-ethyl-2-phenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane ( IIb ), 2-phenyl-2-(n-propyl)-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane ( IIc ), 2-phenyl-2-(i-propyl)-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane ( IId ), 2-(n-heptyl)-2-phenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane ( IIe ), 2-methyl-2-(2-naphthyl)-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane ( IIf ), and 2,2-diphenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane ( IIg ) were prepared and polymerized in the presence of a radical initiator. IIa–IIf were found to undergo vinyl polymerization with ring-opening reaction accompanying the elimination of ketone groups in bulk. IIg was found to undergo the quantitative ring-opening reaction accompanying the elimination of benzophenone in solution to obtain polyketone without any side reaction.     

Oxidation of 1,3-Dioxacyclanes with Oxone and Potassium Persulfate Catalyzed by 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-4-Phenyl-3-Imidazoline-3-Oxide-1-Oxyl

The catalytic effect of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-phenyl-3-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl on the oxidation of 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-phenyl-4-chlormethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxane, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxane with oxone and potassium persulfate is reported. The corresponding glycol monoesters were obtained with yields of 90-100%.     

Acetals and ethers-xiii Reaction products of 2-butenal with ethylene glycol

The unsaturated cyclic acetal, 2-(1-propenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (2), has been found as an intermediate product in the p-toluenesulfonic acid catalysed reaction of 2-butenal with an excess of ethylene glycol. The final product consisted of 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-propyl]-1,3-dioxolane (3), and a small amount of geometric isomers of cis- and trans-5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-7-methyl-1,4-dioxepane (4a and 4b, respectively).     

Greener approach towards the facile synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-5-yl cyanide derivatives at room temperature

This report describes triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) ionic liquid catalyzed one pot synthesis of 6-amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles by the reaction of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one at room temperature. TEAA plays dual role as reaction media and catalyst. It can also be easily recovered and reused in several runs. TEAA provides greener reaction protocol to present methodology which obviates the need of organic solvents, expensive and toxic catalyst.     

Ion/molecule reactions performed in a miniature cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer

A recently constructed miniature mass spectrometer, based on a cylindrical ion trap (CIT) mass analyzer, is used to perform ion/molecule reactions in order to improve selectivity for in situ analysis of explosives and chemical warfare agent simulants. Six different reactions are explored, including several of the Eberlin reaction type (M. N. Eberlin and R. G. Cooks, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1993, 28, 679-687) as well as novel gas-phase Meerwein reactions. The reactions include (1) Eberlin transacetalization of the benzoyl, 2,2-dimethyloximinium, and 2,2-dimethylthiooximinium cations with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane to form 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolanylium cations, 2,2-dimethylamine-1,3-dioxolanylium cations and the 2,2-dimethylamin-1,3-oxathiolanylium cations, respectively; (2) Eberlin reaction of the phosphonium ion CH3P(O)OCH3+, formed from the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), with 1,4-dioxane to yield the 1,3,2-dioxaphospholanium ion, a new characteristic reaction for phosphate ester detection; (3) the novel Meerwein reaction of the ion CH3P(O)OCH3+ with propylene sulfide forming 1,3,2-oxathionylphospholanium ion; (4) the Meerwein reaction of the benzoyl cation with propylene oxide and propylene sulfide to form 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane and its thio analog, respectively; (5) ketalization of the benzoyl cation with ethylene glycol to form the 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolanylium cation; (6) addition/NO2 elimination involving benzonitrile radical cation in reaction with nitrobenzene to form an arylated nitrile, a diagnostic reaction for explosives detection and (7) simple methanol addition to the C7H7+ ion, formed by NO2 loss from the molecular ion of p-nitrotoluene to form an intact adduct. Evidence is provided that these reactions occur to give the products described and their potential analytical utility is discussed.     

Polyfuryl(aryl)alkanes and their derivatives. 12. C-fur bond cleavage in the series of polyfuryl(aryl)alkanes

Reactions taking place with cleavage of the C-Fur bond are examined. It was established that disproportionation in two directions, leading to the formation of tris(5-methyl-2 furyl)methane, takes place when 3, 4dimethoxyphenylbis(5-methyl-2 furyl)methane is boiled in an acidic medium. The acid-catalyzed reaction of 5-methylfurfural with ethylene glycol leads to the formation of either 2-(S-methyl-2 fury!)-1,3-dioxolane or tris(S-methyl-2 furyl)methane, depending on the catalyst. The treatment of 2-(S-methyl-2 fury!)-1,3-dioxolane or gem-tris(5. methyl-2 furyl)ethane with triryl perchlorate leads to tris(5-methyl-2 furyl)carbenium or bis(5-methyl-2-furyl)methylcarbenium perchlorates respectively.For Comminication 11, see [1]Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 175–179, February, 1996.     

Catalyst free synthesis of fused pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines in water

A one-pot,three-component condensation reaction of an aldehyde,benzoyl acetonitrile(3-oxo-3-phenylpropane nitrile) and 6- amino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione or 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine in water to give fused pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines in high yields without any catalyst,is described.     

Crystal structure of diethyl-1-isobutyl-9-hydroxy-9-methyl-7-phenyl-1,4-diazaspiro[4,5] decane-6,8-dicarboxylate C25H38N2O5

The reaction of diethyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-phenyl-6-oxocyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylate with Nisobutylethylenediamine is performed and the crystal structure of this reaction product (diethyl-1-isobutyl-9-hydroxy-9-methyl-7-phenyl-1,4-diazaspiro[4,5]decane-6,8-dicarboxylate) is determined by X-ray crystallography.