基于扩频码的单载波迭代频域均衡水声通信

单载波时域均衡在长时延扩展水声信道中计算量大,并对接收机参数的选择较为敏感,可靠性低,而正交频分复用信号峰均功率比高、对频率偏移敏感. 针对这些问题,提出基于扩频码的单载波块传输高速率水声通信方法和基于T/4分数间隔迭代频域均衡的接收机算法. 该接收机利用已知扩频码进行信道估计以及对由多普勒偏移引起的旋转相位进行估计,并通过一种低复杂度迭代频域均衡算法改善系统性能. 开展了湖上实验研究,结果表明在浅水1.8 km距离且复杂多径干扰条件下,利用BPSK/QPSK调制可实现10^-2–10^-4的误码率并达到1500–3000 bit/s的有效数据率. 关键词： 水声通信 单载波 频域均衡 迭代处理     

Instantaneous frequency measurement based on complementary microwave photonic filters with a shared Mach-Zehnder interferometer

A novel configuration using only one Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) for photonic-assisted instantaneous microwave frequency measurement is proposed. The amplitude comparison function (ACF), related to the input microwave frequency while independent of the input optical power and modulate index, is achieved by using a ratio of low-pass to bandpass frequency responses introduced by intensity and phase modulation with a shared MZI. The microwave frequency can be estimated by the measured ACF. A proof-of-concept experiment for measurement of RF from 5 to 10 GHz is successfully demonstrated with the measurement errors less than ± 0.2 GHz.     

偏振复用光纤通信系统色散均衡器及算法的研究

设计了一种适用于偏振复用相干解调光纤通信系统的色散均衡器,用于补偿信道传输的色散损伤。该均衡器采用半码元间隔的蝶形有限脉冲响应滤波器结构,与此结构配合的自适应算法分别采用最小均方算法和递归最小二乘算法。通过仿真实验,分析了两种算法对残留色度色散和偏振模色散的补偿容限。仿真结果表明,递归最小二乘算法的补偿效果优于最小均方算法,它可以同时补偿1760ps/nm的残留色度色散和104.9ps偏振模色散引起的差分群时延,比同等条件的最小均方算法提升性能2.23dB。     

PN9000相位噪声测试系统扩频方法研究

在航天测控领域,相位噪声指标已成为系统性能的限制性因素,精确测量载波的相位噪声显得尤为重要;PN9000相位噪声测试系统可直接应用于相位噪声测试,具备测试灵敏度高、系统稳定、测试快速等优点;随着航天测控领域所用频率的不断提高,针对PN9000相位噪声测试系统基本配置的频率范围已无法满足测试需求的问题,为满足PN9000相位噪声测试系统扩频需求,文中提出基于相位检波器法(基本型)和基于中频相位检波器法两种扩频方法,并对两种方法进行原理分析和实验验证;根据实验结果,两种方法均能有效实现扩频功能,但在系统本底相位噪声及经费使用方面各有不同特点;文中提供的方法及实验数据,对PN9000相位噪声测试系统扩频升级及配件选购等具有很好的借鉴作用。     

Switchable instantaneous frequency measurement by optical power monitoring based on DP-QPSK modulator

We propose and analyze an instantaneous frequency measurement system by using optical power monitoring technique with improved resolution. The primary component adopted in the proposal is a dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator which is used to modulate the microwave signal that has a designed time delay and phase shifting. The generated optical signal is sent to polarization beam splitter (PBS) in DP-QPSK modulator. Owing to the complementary transmission nature of polarization interference introduced by PBS, the frequency information is converted into the optical power and the relationship between the amplitude comparison function (ACF) and microwave frequency to be measured is established. Thus, the frequency of the microwave signal can be easily measured through monitoring the optical powers of the two output ports of the PBS. Furthermore, by adjusting the direct current (DC) biases of the DP-QPSK modulator instead of changing the electrical delay, the measurement range and resolution can be switched. In this paper, the basic principle of the instantaneous frequency measurement system is derived in detail, and simulation has been performed to investigate the resolution, the measurement range, and the influence of imperfection devices. The proposed scheme is wavelength-independent and its measurement range is switchable, which can avoid the laser wavelength drifting problem and thus greatly increasing the system flexibility.     

混沌通信系统中非线性信道的自适应组合神经网络均衡

针对混沌通信系统的非线性信道干扰问题,基于混沌信号重构理论和函数型连接神经网络理论,提出了一种横向滤波器与函数型连接神经网络组合(combination of transversal filter and functional link neural network,CFFLNN)的自适应非线性信道均衡器,并给出基于低复杂度归一化最小均方(NLMS)的自适应算法,并对该均衡器的稳定性以及收敛条件进行了分析.该非线性自适应均衡器充分利用了横向滤波器的快速收敛,以及函数型连接神经网络通过增大输入空间提高非线性逼近能力的特点,进一步提高均衡器的收敛速度和降低稳态误差.仿真研究表明：所提出的非线性自适应均衡器能够有效地消除线性和非线性信道干扰,均衡器输出信号能反映出混沌信号的特性,具有良好的抗干扰性能;且该均衡器的结构简单,收敛稳定性较好,易于工程实现. 关键词： 非线性信道 自适应均衡器 混沌吸引子 神经网络     

A MZI-based photonic instantaneous microwave frequency measurement simplified by an optical polarizer

A novel photonic scheme of microwave signal frequency measurement with adjustable measurement range and resolution is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on simultaneous optical phase modulation and intensity modulation with interferometric detection. A low-pass frequency response is achieved by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) while a bandpass frequency response is produced by a polarizer placed on the back instead of in front of the MZI. The microwave frequency can be estimated by the measured amplitude comparison function (ACF) obtained from the ratio of the two frequency responses. This scheme is simple, cost-effective as it requires no extra laser sources or modulators in the basic analog modulation link. The measurement errors as shown in experimental results can be kept in 0.1 GHz over a frequency range of 0.1–8.5 GHz.     

Signal processing for high speed underwater acoustic transmission of image

A signal processing method for high-speed underwater acoustic transmission of image is presented. It has two parts. Part 1 introduces signal processing for underwater acoustic coherent communication. Part 1 includes 3 technical points. （1） Doppler shift compensation. Chirp signals are inserted between data packages. A correlation process between two copy correlation functions gives more accurate estimation of the mean Doppler shift. Then it could be compensated by resampling the data. In adaptive decision feedback equalizer （DFE） an adaptive phase compensator with fast self-optimized least mean square （FOLMS） adaptation algorithm is utilized resulting in better motion tolerance than compensators with 2nd order Phase-Lock Loop algorithm. The performance of the combination of mean Doppler shift compensation and adaptive phase compensator is quite good. （2） A diversity combiner （DC） used in advance of equalizer. Both combiner and adaptive DFE are based on FOLMS adaptation algorithm. This results in reduced computation complexity and better performance. （3） Cascaded equalizer and Turbo-Trellis Coded Modulation （TCM） decoder and the iteration algorithm. A new bitsymbol converter based on Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm （SOVA） is studied. Comparing with the traditional decision, coding and mapping algorithm, the new converter can reduce Bit Error Rate（BER） by nearly 2 orders. Part 2 is mainly around a robust image compression algorithm. Based on Discrete wavelet transform and fixed length coding, a robust compression algorithm for acoustic image is studied. The algorithm includes 4 technical points. （1） Utilizes CDF9/7 wavelet bases to transform the images. （2） Analyses the energy distribution of subband coefficients. Suitable transformation layer number is 3. （3） Applies different quantization steps to different subbands in accordance with their energy distribution. （4） Uses fixed length coding to prevent error propagation. The results show the algorithm achieves a balance among image quality, compression rate, and most important, robustness to BER. The compressed bit rate of gray scale acoustic image is 0.85 bit/pixel. Image quality remains good when BER is lower than 10^-3. There are some small dirty points when BER rises to 10^-2. Based on the signal processing techniques above mentioned, an underwater acoustic commumcation system is built. Its operational frequency band is （7.5-12.5） kHz. Its receiving array is an 8 elements uniform linear array. QPSK and 8PSK modulation and iteration algorithm for cascaded equalizer and 1-Turbo-TCM decoder based on hard SOVA are used. The system has been tested in Qiandao Lake. Low BER is achieved in 5.5 km range when data rate is 10 kbps. One gray scale image can be transmitted in 7 s. The product of its communication distance and data rate is 55 km kbps.     

太赫兹频率编码器

超表面是由亚波长单元组成控制电磁波的人工结构,研究发现通过对其进行编码排列可实现对电磁波能量的任意控制.本文利用四种形状相同、尺寸不同的人字形结构单元,结合其不同相位响应和不同的相位灵敏度设计了太赫兹频率编码器,通过进行特定编码,在频率改变的情况下,实现了对电磁波能量辐射调控.分别设计了1-bit, 2-bit周期和非周期太赫兹频率编码器,通过数值计算和仿真模拟验证了上述特性,而且该结构对太赫兹波辐射主瓣能量有很好的分散作用,可以有效减少雷达散射截面,雷达散射截面缩减在q=0,j=0方向上最大可达29 dB,在太赫兹波隐身中具有巨大应用价值.     

水声通信加权反馈双向Turb均衡器

为了提升自适应双向Turbo均衡器的收敛速度及降低误比特率,提出了采用加权反馈的双向Turbo均衡算法。首先在单个均衡器反馈输入中采用后验均值与先验均值混合的反馈方案,有效提升一轮迭代中均衡器输出的准确性;其次通过后验均值与先验均值的加权合并作为另一均衡器反馈的非因果项输入,在提升反馈输入准确性的同时提升了数据的利用率;最后在权值迭代中采用优化的比例归一化最小均方算法,提升训练阶段均衡器收敛速度。千岛湖试验中,在同样3.75 kbps通信速率的情况下,该方法误比特率仅为传统双向Turbo均衡器的1/3。仿真和试验数据表明,均衡器要达到同样的误比特率,本方法所需迭代轮数更少,在时变信道中系统稳定性更好,误比特率更低,提升了水声通信效率。      

A multichannel and multiple position adaptive room response equalizer in warped domain: Real-time implementation and performance evaluation

Room response equalization systems are used for improving the listening experience in cinema theatres, home theatres, car hi-fi systems. In this paper, an adaptive multichannel and multiple position room response equalization system and its real-time implementation are described. An adaptive and accurate estimation of the room responses is provided introducing a normalized least mean square optimization approach with a variable step-size, and taking advantage of an interchannel coherence reduction technique based on the missing fundamental phenomenon. Then, the equalizer is designed in warp frequency domain for improving equalization in the low frequency region, reducing the computational cost of the design procedure, and deriving an algorithm capable of working in real time. Indeed, a real-time implementation of the proposed adaptive equalizer has been obtained on NU-Tech framework and has been used in order to provide a deep objective and subjective evaluation of the equalization system. The results of these evaluations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, also in comparison with other techniques of the state of the art.     

An adaptive channel equalizer using self-adaptation bacterial foraging optimization

In this paper we propose a self-adaptation bacterial foraging optimization (SA-BFO) approach for an adaptive channel equalizer in which the weights of the equalizer are optimized to minimize the mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER). The adaptive channel equalizer at the receiver removes or reduces the effects of inter symbol interference (ISI) and noise. Tests demonstrate that the proposed adaptive channel equalizer provides better convergence speed and minimal MSE and BER compared to a BFO and a normalized least mean square (NLMS) based equalizer.     

相干水声通信系统中均衡器长度设计方法

基于自适应均衡技术的相干通信被证明是有效的水声通信方式之一。在均衡器设计过程中,确定均衡长度的方法主要是经验确定与搜索算法,前者依赖于特定的环境,后者一般计算量较大。本文提出一种应用于相干水声通信系统的根据信道冲激响应确定均衡长度的设计方法。仿真及试验结果证明了该方法可以有效地提高通信的可靠性。     

基于广义局部频率的Duffing系统频域特征分析

针对传统功率谱在频率概念上的局限性及傅氏变换的固有缺陷, 提出一种新的广义局部频率概念,在自适应峰值分解方法的基础上, 研究周期激励下Duffing系统随阻尼参数r变化的频域动力学特征,发现了频率分岔现象, 并且不同参数r下的混沌时间序列在中心频率附近出现连续频段, 其形状具有相似性.通过厄米解调分析,总结出混沌时间序列具有频率调制特性和频率调制的相似性. 上述研究表明:提出的基于自适应峰值分解的广义局部频率方法, 能够有效提取Duffing系统的频域特征,为观察非线性系统混沌状态下频率连续分布规律提供一种新方法.     

失谐量对双光子J-C模型中光场位相扩散及频率漂移的影响

通过考察失谐量对双光子Jaynes-Cummings(J-C)模型中光场位相的影响,论证了失谐量不仅会影响原子-光场耦合程度,而且还会导致光场频率发生漂移.并且讨论了双光J-C模型中光场位相特性与双光子激光频率特性之间的关系.     

A novel adaptive synchronization algorithm for intermediate frequency architecture CO-OFDM system

An adaptive algorithm of fine synchronization for intermediate frequency architecture coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) transmission system is proposed. The whole synchronization procedure is separated into two steps. In the first step, we use an auto-correlation-style algorithm to achieve the coarse symbol synchronization. In the second step, the proposed algorithm is used to achieve the adaptive fine synchronization. The merit of the proposed algorithm is that it can realize fine synchronization under different environments without adjusting the detect-threshold of timing metric in a dynamically reconfiguration network. And also the algorithm can implement in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other digital signal processing (DSP) chips easily. In this paper, the CO-OFDM model is analyzed in theory firstly. Secondly, an analysis on the performance of coarse synchronization algorithm used in this paper is made. Finally, the proposed fine synchronization algorithm is introduced in detail. The simulation experiment result demonstrates that the proposed algorithm achieves fine synchronization under different signal noise ratio (SNR) conditions after 6 fiber-spans transmission.     

前后向子分段相位差频率估计法

为提高直接频率估计法的精度并推导出估计误差方差的闭合表达式,本文提出基于前后向子分段相位差的直接频率估计法. 该方法对样本的前向和后向两个子段做快速傅里叶变换,再提取这两个子段变换后的峰值谱相位差而获得频率估计. 本文证明了该估计器具有无偏性,并推导出其频率估计方差的闭合理论表达式. 仿真实验验证了该闭合表达式的正确性,故本文方法具有更高的测频精度和广泛的应用前景. 关键词： 频率估计 前后向子段 相位差 克拉美罗限     

PN结对交流信号相位的影响(续)

当1个交流小信号被1个PN结和1个大电容分压,且该电容的电容值远大于PN结电容时,大电容两端的电压与PN结电容成正比,该信号的相位与PN结的电阻以及信号的频率有关.把PN结当作1个电容和1个电阻并联,可定性解释该信号的相位与PN结正向电阻、与加在PN结两端的直流反向偏压、在零直流偏压下与交流信号频率的关系.     

Time reversal communication in a time-varying sparse channel

Recently time reversal (TR) communications has been extended to time-varying channels. The basic idea is to implement it on a block-by-block basis such that within each block the channel remains time-invariant and subsequently is updated using detected symbols (decision-directed mode). Using experimental data (12-20 kHz) collected in shallow water, this letter investigates three different block-based TR approaches: (1) without explicit phase tracking, (2) with phase tracking, and (3) exploiting channel sparsity. The TR approaches then are compared to a conventional adaptive multichannel equalizer. It is found that approach (3) generally provides the best performance and robustness.     

Joint scheme for symbol,sampling clock,and carrier frequency synchronization in PDM-CO-OFDM system beyond 100 Gb/s

We propose a joint scheme for symbol, sampling clock, and carrier frequency synchronization in a polarization division multiplexing coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （PDM-CO-OFDM） system. Unlike other existing algorithms designed for specific impairment, the scheme can estimate and compensate for the interactional synchronization errors effectively without extra training overhead by building a comprehensive error model. The simulation shows that symbol synchronization error and sample timing error can be corrected by channel equalizer, and the estimation ranges of sampling frequency offset and normalized carrier frequency offset are about （-2000, 2000） ppm, and （-0.04 （-3.5）, 0.04 （3.5）） Ghz, respectively.