稻壳SiO_2/钒催化剂上苯乙酮液相氧化(英文)

Rice husk silica catalyst loaded with 10 wt% vanadium was synthesized from agricultural biomass via a sol-gel synthetic route at pH = 9. The catalyst was characterized by different physico-chemical methods. The FTIR spectra showed the formation of Si–O–V and V=O stretching bands. The presence of vanadium was confirmed by EDX elemental analysis. RH-10V possessed a high specific surface area of 276 m2/g and pore volume of 0.83 ml/g. The prepared catalyst possessed a narrow pore size distribution centered around 7.9 nm. The catalytic performance of RH-10V was tested in the oxidation of acetophenone at 70 ℃. RH-10V was found to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of acetophenone, producing 36.28% conversion efficiency. The products identified were benzoic acid, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, phenol, acetic acid, and 3-hydroxyacetophenone.     

Gas Phase Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde on V2O5-Ag2O／η-Al2O3 Catalyst

Gas phase selective catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde was studied on V2O5-Ag2O/η-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM,and FT-IR. The catalytic results showed that toluene conversion and selectivity for benzaldehyde on catalyst sample No.4 (V/(V Ag)=0.68) was higher than other catalysts with different V/Ag ratios. This was attributed to the higher surface area, larger pore volume and pore diameter of the catalyst sample No.4 than the other catalysts. The XRD patterns recorded from the catalyst before and after the oxidation reaction revealed that the new phases were developed, and this suggested that silver had entered the vanadium lattice. XPS results showed that the vanadium on the surface of No.4 and No.5 sample was more than that in the bulk, thus forming a vanadium rich layer on the surface. It was noted that when the catalyst was doped by potassium promoter, the toluene conversion and selectivity for benzalde hydewere higher than those on the undoped catalyst. This was attributed to the disordered structure of V2O5 lattice of the K-doped catalyst and a better interfacial contact between the particles.     

Oxidation of glyoxal to glyoxylic acid by oxygen over V2O5/C catalyst

A novel vanadium oxide catalyst supported on active carbon was prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method, and the precursor was obtained from oxalic acid aqueous solutions of NH4VO3. The catalyst was applied liquid phase oxidation of glyoxal to glyoxylic acid. It was found that V2O5/C catalyst exhibited obvious activity for glyoxal oxidation. Glyoxylic acid could be obtained without pH regulation during the reaction. By using this catalyst, the conversion of glyoxal and the yield of glyoxalic acid were 29.2% and 13.6%, respectively at 313 K and oxygen flow 0.1 L/rain after reaction for 10 h.     

Preparation of AgBiVMoO/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Propane to Acrylic Acid by the Mixed Sol Method

A novel mixed sol method was developed for the preparation of supported catalysts. Analyses by means of XRD and BET show that a 40%AgBiVMoO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by this method possessed high specific surface area and high dispersion of the active phase. As a result, high acrylic acid selectivity of 8.5% was obtained when the catalyst was used in the reaction of propane partial oxidation to acrylic acid in a fixed-bed reactor.     

Complete oxidation of ethanol over vanadium based catalysts

V2O5/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts were prepared by the mixing sol-gel and co-impregnation method. The performance of the catalysts for complete oxidation of ethanol was performed in a conventional fixed-bed quartz reactor. And the effects of support, preparation methods and vanadium content have been investigated. The results showed that 5% V2O5 catalyst supported on γ-Al2O3-TiO2 possessed the best ethanol conversion under the considered temperature. This may be ascribed to the highly dispersible active component, mutual function between the active component and the carriers. The nature of the best performance for 5%V/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst may be related to the high V4+ amounts on the surface. And the surface V4+ species may play an important role in the formation of active site for the total ethanol oxidation.     

一种新型高比表面积 TiO2载体在 NH3选择性催化还原反应中对 V2O5分散性的促进作用

A titania support with a large surface area was developed, which has a BET surface area of 380.5 m2/g, four times that of a traditional titania support. The support was ultrasonically impregnated with 5 wt%vanadia. A special heat treatment was used in the calcination to maintain the large sur‐face area and high dispersion of vanadium species. This catalyst was compared to a common V2O5‐TiO2 catalyst with the same vanadia loading prepared by a traditional method. The new cata‐lyst has a surface area of 117.7 m2/g, which was 38%higher than the traditional V2O5‐TiO2 catalyst. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance demonstrated that the new catalyst had a wid‐er temperature window and better N2 selectivity compared to the traditional one. The NO conver‐sion was>80%from 200 to 450 °C. The temperature window was 100 °C wider than the traditional catalyst. Raman spectra indicated that the vanadium species formed more V‐O‐V linkages on the catalyst prepared by the traditional method. The amount of V‐O‐Ti and V=O was larger for the new catalyst. Temperature programmed desorption of NH3, temperature programmed reduction by H2 and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that its redox ability and total acidity were enhanced. The results are helpful for developing a more efficient SCR catalyst for the removal of NOx in flue gases.     

Selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over mixed metal oxide catalysts

The effects of metal atomic ratio, water content, oxygen content, and calcination temperature on the catalytic performances of MoVTeNbO mixed oxide catalyst system for the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid have been investigated and discussed. Among the catalysts studied, it was found that the MoVTeNbO catalyst calcined at a temperature of 600 ℃ showed the best performance in terms of propane conversion and selectivity for acrylic acid under an atmosphere of nitrogen. An effective MoVTeNbO oxide catalyst for propane selective oxidation to acrylic acid was obtained with a combination of a preferred metal atomic ratio （Mo1V0.31Te0.23Nb0.12）. The optimum reaction condition for the selective oxidation of propane was the molar ratio of C3H8 ：O2 ： H2O ： N2 = 4.4： 12.8 ： 15.3 ： 36.9. Under such conditions, the conversion of propane and the maximum yield of acrylic acid reached about 50% and 21%, respectively.     

Study of a Ru-La/Zr02 Catalyst Prepared by Precipitation Method for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene

A Ru-La/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by the precipitation method, in which Ru was an active component, La was a promoter and ZrO2 was a dispersant. Comparing with the catalyst prepared by the chemical reduction method, the Ru-La/ZrO2 exhibited higher activity and better selectivity. At 140 ℃ and hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa, the C6H10 selectivity reached 70% at a C6H6 conversion of 35% for a reaction time was 5 min and the total La/Ru loading was 10%. Textural parameters of the catalyst were obtained by physical adsorption, BET surface area and specific pore volume measurements. The catalyst sample gave a BET area of 41 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 1.1 cm^3/g, and the most probable pore distribution was located at 5 to 10 nm. H2-TPR measurements showed that ruthenium oxide could be reduced to its metallic state at about 403 K. XRD determinations indicated that ruthenium and lanthanum were highly dispersed on the zirconia. A significant advantage of the Ru-La/ZrO2 catalyst is that it can be used directly in its unreduced state for the selective hydrogenation of benzene.     

Cs-Fe-Co-Bi-Mn-Mo复合氧化物选择性催化氧化异丁烯

Mixed oxide catalyst Cs0.1 Fe2Co6BiMnMo12 Ox was prepared by the interprecipitation method, then the catalyst was calcined at different temperature. Selective oxidation of isobutene was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that the catalyst has high catalytic activity. Under the optimum reaction conditions ( n(-C4^= ) : n(O2) = 1:2-1:4, space velocity = 180h^-1, T = 360℃ ), the yield of methacmlein and methacrylic reached 80%, 8 %,respectively. The total yields of liquid products( methacrolein, methacrylic acid and acetic acid) reached about 90%.     

Preparation and characterization of vanadium(IV) oxide supported on SBA-15 and its catalytic performance in benzene hydroxylation to phenol using molecular oxygen

Preparation of dispersed transition metal oxides catalyst with low oxidation state still remains a challenging task in heterogeneous catalysis.In this study,vanadium oxides supported on zeolite SBA-15 have been prepared under hydrothermal condition using V 2 O 5 and oxalic acid as sources of vanadium and reductant,respectively.The structures of samples,especially the oxidation state of vanadium,and the surface distribution of vanadium oxide species,have been thoroughly characterized using various techniques,including N 2-physisorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible spectra(UV-Vis) and UV-visible-near infrared spectra(UV-Vis-NIR).It is found that the majority of supported vanadium was in the form of vanadium(IV) oxide species with the low valence of vanadium.By adjusting hydrothermal treatment time,the surface distribution of vanadium(IV) oxide species can be tuned from vanadium(IV) oxide cluster to crystallites.These materials have been tested in the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in liquid-phase with molecular oxygen in the absence of reductant.The catalyst exhibits high selectivity for phenol(61%) at benzene conversion of 4.6%,which is a relatively good result in comparison with other studies employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant.     

Gas Phase Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde on V2O5-Ag2O/η-Al2O3 Catalyst

Gas phase selective catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde was studied on V2O5-Ag2O/η-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM,and FT-IR. The catalytic results showed that toluene conversion and selectivity for benzaldehyde on catalyst sample No.4 (V/(V Ag)=0.68) was higher than other catalysts with different V/Ag ratios. This was attributed to the higher surface area, larger pore volume and pore diameter of the catalyst sample No.4 than the other catalysts. The XRD patterns recorded from the catalyst before and after the oxidation reaction revealed that the new phases were developed, and this suggested that silver had entered the vanadium lattice. XPS results showed that the vanadium on the surface of No.4 and No.5 sample was more than that in the bulk, thus forming a vanadium rich layer on the surface. It was noted that when the catalyst was doped by potassium promoter, the toluene conversion and selectivity for benzaldehyde were higher than those on the undoped catalyst. This was attributed to the disordered structure of V2O5 lattice of the K-doped catalyst and a better interfacial contact between the particles.     

V_2O_5/C催化氧化乙二醛制备乙醛酸

利用等体积浸渍法制备了V2O5/C催化剂,并应用于乙二醛的液相氧化反应,采用XRD、TEM手段对催化剂进行了物化性质表征.结果表明,V2O5/C对乙二醛的氧化表现出较高的催化活性和乙醛酸选择性,反应10h,乙二醛的转化率达29.2%,乙醛酸得率13.6%.与贵金属Pd-Bi/C催化剂相比,V2O5/C催化剂的稳定性和重复使用效果都比较好.     

介孔氧化铝负载钒催化剂上丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯

 采用浸渍法制备了介孔氧化铝 (m-Al2O3) 负载钒催化剂 (V/m-Al2O3), 并考察了其催化丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯反应活性. 通过 N2 吸附-脱附、透射电镜、X 射线粉末衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、氢-程序升温还原和氨-程序升温脱附对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 介孔氧化铝具有大比表面积、窄孔径分布和两维六方相结构, 在其上负载适量的 V 可实现 V 活性物种的高分散及催化剂的弱酸性, 从而有利于提高丙烷转化率和丙烯选择性. 与共合成法制备的含 V 介孔氧化铝 V/m-Al2O3(C) 和浸渍法制备的 V/?-Al2O3 相比, V/m-Al2O3 表现出更高的催化活性. 这与载体较弱的酸性和较大的比表面积以及 V 物种的高分散有关.     

添加钒对Pd/Al2O3-TiO2 催化剂上醇醛催化氧化性能及表面特性的影响

采用浸渍法分别制备了Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂、V/Al₂O₃-TiO₂和不同钒含量的V-Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂,并对乙醇、乙醛的完全催化氧化性能进行了测试。结果表明,添加适量的钒组分(1%~3%)能够有效地提高催化剂的深度氧化活性。采用XRD、NH₃-TPD、N₂吸附等技术分析研究催化剂的表面特性与催化活性之间的关系,发现Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂添加适量钒组分后,调变了催化剂的表面酸性、比表面积和孔容,使得V组分和Pd组分与载体之间产生较强的相互作用,双金属组分的协同效应提高了催化剂对乙醇、乙醛的深度氧化活性。     

钒基催化剂在双氧水存在下对甲、乙苯液相选择氧化的研究

研究了若干钒基催化剂在双氧水存在下对甲、乙苯的液相选择性氧化催化性能.结果表明:在乙腈为溶剂的反应体系中,所研究的钒基催化剂包括VPO,VOPO₄,V₂O₅,VO(acac)₂和NH₄VO₃等均表现出以苯甲醛为甲苯选择性氧化主产物和以苯乙酮为乙苯选择氧化主产物的反应结果;从反应活性和主产物选择性来看,按以下顺序递减:VPO＞V₂O₅＞VOPO₄＞VO(acac)₂＞NH₄VO₃.对于具有(VO)₂P₂O₇晶相的VPO催化剂,在双氧水存在下对甲苯选择性氧化主产物苯甲醛的最高选择性为58.8%,乙苯选择性氧化主产物苯乙酮的最高选择性为67.8%;其催化性能与P/V比、焙烧条件、双氧水的使用量、反应溶剂等有关.从已有的实验结果推测,钒基催化剂在双氧水存在下的甲、乙苯选择氧化反应与V⁵⁺/V⁴⁺的"氧化-还原"作用密切相关.     

VOx/SBA-15催化剂上甲苯气相部分氧化

采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量的VOx/SBA-15催化剂。UV-Vis和H2-TPR等表征结果表明,在较低钒负载量下,钒物种的分散程度较高,主要以孤立的VO4 3－以及少量聚合体V－O－V形式存在;钒负载量较高时会有大量的聚合体V－O－V甚至晶相V2O5出现,而且,催化剂的酸性随着钒物种的高度分散而降低。甲苯气相部分氧化反应结果表明,随着钒负载量的提高,苯甲醛的选择性先升后降,CO、CO2等选择性逐渐提高。这是由于催化剂存在大量的聚合体V－O－V和晶相V2O5时,聚集态钒物种表面较多的酸量促使苯甲醛深度氧化。在相同钒负载量下,催化剂VOx/SBA-15的钒物种分散状态优于VOx/MCM-41和VOx/SiO2,从而使得催化剂VOx/SBA-15呈现较高的苯甲醛选择性。     

Simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides over V-Pd/γ-Al_2O_3-TiO_2 catalyst

V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium contents were prepared by a combined sol-gel and impregnation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and catalytic removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at low temperature (<300 ?C) were used to assess the properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the sample with 1wt% vanadium exhibited an excellent catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides. The conversions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and nitrogen oxides at 250 ?C were 100%, 74.4% and 98.7%, respectively. V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst with 1 wt% vanadium showed the largest surface area and higher dispersion of vanadium oxide on the catalyst surface, and possessed a larger mole fraction of V4+ species and unique PdO species on the surface, which can be attributed to the strong synergistic effect among palladium, vanadium and the carriers. The higher activity of V-Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2 catalyst is related to the V4+ and Pd2+ species on the surface, which might be favorable for the formation of active sites.