基于圆柱型硅光子晶体的1×2光下路分束器(英文)

本文设计了一个基于圆柱型硅光子晶体自准直环形腔的1×2光下路分束器.该光下路分束器由三个分光镜和一个反射镜构成,其中窄光束依赖自准直效应进行传输.利用多光束干涉理论分析了光下路分束器中不同出口的理论透射谱,并且利用时域有限差分法对光下路分束器透射谱进行数值模拟计算,其结果与理论预测基本一致.当下路波长为1 550nm时,光下路分束器的自由光谱范围约为30nm,几乎涵盖了整个光通信C波段.由于其小尺寸和全硅材料,本文设计的1×2光下路分束器有望应用于未来的集成光路中.     

超窄带和梳状多通道光子晶体滤波器设计

 设计了一种因掺杂而具有超窄带滤波特性的光子晶体滤波器和一种复周期结构的梳状多通道光子晶体滤波器。在两种均匀介质交替分布的周期结构中间插入一层折射率不同的介质膜后，通过传输矩阵法的数值计算，发现采用前后不对称的周期结构并调节参数，可以在1 550 nm处找到一个透射率接近100%的极窄的透过峰，因而可得到一种超窄带光子晶体滤波器。另外，在以高低两种折射率的介质交替分布，并以两种单独的单元周期合并组成一个复周期，然后进行周期重复构成的光子晶体中，利用通道数等于复周期数减1的规律，并配合各层厚度的调节，设计出在1 550 nm附近梳状8通道和16通道的光子晶体滤波器，各通道透过峰的透射率均接近100%，由此设计出一种梳状多通道光子晶体滤波器。     

基于圆柱型硅光子晶体的1×2光下路分束器

本文设计了一个基于圆柱型硅光子晶体自准直环形腔的1×2光下路分束器.该光下路分束器由三个分光镜和一个反射镜构成,其中窄光束依赖自准直效应进行传输.利用多光束干涉理论分析了光下路分束器中不同出口的理论透射谱,并且利用时域有限差分法对光下路分束器透射谱进行数值模拟计算,其结果与理论预测基本一致.当下路波长为1 550 nm时,光下路分束器的自由光谱范围约为30 nm,几乎涵盖了整个光通信C波段.由于其小尺寸和全硅材料,本文设计的1×2光下路分束器有望应用于未来的集成光路中.     

光子晶体微环插分滤波器的理论分析与数值模拟

设计了基于二维正方晶格光子晶体微环的插分滤波器的基本结构,对其进行了时域耦合模理论分析,得到了输出端口的归一化透射率表达式。利用时域有限差分法对滤波器进行数值仿真,仿真结果与时域耦合模理论分析结果一致。结果显示,经过合理的参数调节,滤波器的传输效率可达到98％。这一分析方法同样可以适用于其他光子晶体结构。     

基于光子晶体光纤中受激布里渊散射的光载波抑制

设计了一种基于光子晶体光纤中受激布里渊散射的载波滤波器.该滤波器利用两个环形器和一段光子晶体光纤构成了一个环形腔,这种腔结构有效地降低了光纤中受激布里渊散射的阈值.理论分析了光子晶体光纤载波滤波器对提高光调制深度和射频增益的影响.利用25 m的高非线性光子晶体光纤作为受激布里渊增益介质,当入射载波功率为70 mW时,微波光子信号的射频增益为5.38 dB,实验结果与理论计算相吻合.     

基于缺陷光子晶体结构的GaN基发光二极管光提取效率的有关研究

现有的研究表明,利用光子晶体可以有效提高发光二极管的光提取效率.由于在制造时光子晶体中可能会存在缺陷和错位,本文基于时域有限差分法对光子晶体中的缺陷和错位对发光二极管发光效率的影响进行了研究.数值仿真结果表明,光子晶体中少量缺陷或者微小错位并不会降低发光二极管的光提取效率,其中某些缺陷反而能增强光子晶体发光二极管的光提取效率.本文对其物理机理给出了详细的理论分析,并设计了一种具有缺陷的光于晶体,在未刻蚀到有源层(离有源层20 nm)的情况下,其光提取效率达到了完美光子晶体的1.6倍.通过对这种缺陷光子晶体的空间频谱分析可知,可以通过设计具有特殊空间频谱分布的光子晶体来提高发光二极管的发光效率,这对设计高光提取效率的光子晶体结构和制造高效率的发光二极管有指导意义.     

光子晶体几何结构设计对LED出光效率影响的研究

利用禁带理论、等效介质理论分析了增透机理,研究了一种参数设计方法.采用FDTD方法计算了表面覆盖ITO层的六角排列圆形光子晶体出光效率.计算该结构参数的光子晶体的LED出光效率,结果表明加入ITO层的光子晶体能提高GaN基蓝光LED出光效率2倍,该参数设计思路也为光子晶体设计提供了参考依据.     

一维光子晶体的双通道位置设计及调整

通过对法布里-珀罗滤光片性质的研究,以及对法布里-珀罗滤光片中缺陷层厚度变化对通道数目、位置影响的分析,为双通道一维光子晶体的设计提出了一条新的思路。在法布里-珀罗结构的基础上引入一维光子晶体的双对称结构,并通过改变双对称结构的三个缺陷层厚度来实现对禁带内两个通道系列位置的独立调整。设计过程中采用有效界面法对通道的位置进行初步的计算,并通过计算机理论模拟对膜层进行修正,使通道的位置满足设计要求。设计结果表明,通过调整两个厚度参量可以克服双通道一维光子晶体中的通道干涉现象,从而实现通道位置的独立调整。     

对称双缺陷光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

基于光子晶体的光子局域特性,并利用光子晶体的介观压光效应,提出了一种新型的双通道可调滤波器结构.采用传输矩阵法对该滤波器的光学传输特性进行了理论推导,建立了透射谱与光子晶体结构参数的关系,讨论了介观压光效应对双缺陷光子晶体透射谱的影响,并对所设计的光子晶体结构进行了数值模拟.结果表明:随着入射角度的增大,缺陷峰发生蓝移.随着各介质层折射率或几何厚度的增加,缺陷峰发生红移.当光子晶体发生轴向拉伸应变时,缺陷峰的位置向长波长移动,但缺陷峰的峰值大体不变,从而验证了此滤波器的可调节性.该光子晶体滤波器结构紧凑,可调谐性好,为光子晶体激光器及传感器的设计提供了一定的理论参考.     

基于杂质带的光子晶体矩形波形滤波器的实现

利用转移矩阵方法对基于杂质带的光子晶体矩形波形滤波器的实现进行了研究.除了可选择不同折射率的材料外,该滤波器还可通过调整光子晶体本身的结构参量来实现.对较平杂质带的形成机制做了具体的理论分析和解释,通过数值计算光子晶体原子耦合成光子晶体分子的过程,发现光子晶体原子的线宽与光子晶体分子线宽之间的相对大小是决定能否形成较平杂质带的重要参量.     

Suppressing the effect of disorders using time-reversal symmetry breaking in magneto-optical photonic crystals: An illustration with a four-port circulator

In integrated optical systems, nonreciprocal elements are indispensable devices that eliminate multi-path reflection between components. To miniaturizing these devices down to a single-wavelength scale, we study nonreciprocal effects in point defects of magneto-optical photonic crystals. The nonreciprocal effect splits degenerate mode pairs and its strength is maximized by spatially matching the magnetic domain pattern with a modal cross product. The resultant eigenmodes are a pair of counter-rotating states that lack time-reversal symmetry. Based upon these eigenmodes, we propose a micro-cavity four-port circulator constructed by coupling a magneto-optical cavity with two waveguides, where each rotating state supports light tunneling along a different direction. In the presence of strong magneto-optical couplings, due to time-reversal symmetry breaking, the performance of the isolator is fundamentally protected from the effect of small structural fluctuations. Numerical calculations demonstrate a four-port circulator with a 26 dB isolation and a roughness tolerance on the order of 0.1a, where a is the lattice constant of the crystal.     

Channel drop filter using photonic crystal ring resonators for CWDM communication systems

In this paper, a new optical channel drop filter (CDF) using photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRRs) is presented. Using the two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in triangular lattice photonic crystal (PC) silicon rods, 100% forward dropping efficiency and a quality factor of more than 1000 can be achieved in third communication window while the resonant wavelength is 1550 nm. Through this novel (CDF), a multi-CDF operation with 100% drop efficiencies across all channels can be obtained. The proposed device could be used in future coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) communication systems.     

Design and analysis of two-dimensional photonic crystals channel filter

A novel three-port channel add/drop filter consisting of two waveguides and two cavities is proposed. One is used for a resonant tunneling-based channel add/drop operation from the bus waveguide to the add/drop waveguide, while the other is used to realize the wavelength-selective reflection feedback in the bus waveguide. By means of coupled mode theory in time, the conditions to achieve 100% add efficiency are derived thoroughly. Based on these theoretical analysis, the channel add filter and some other multi-channel filters are designed in two-dimensional photonic crystals (2D PCs) with square lattice of dielectric rods in air. The numerical results by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method demonstrate almost complete channel add/drop tunneling at resonance via the three-port systems.     

Photonic crystal channel drop filter based on ring-shaped defects for DWDM systems

This paper presents a novel configuration of channel drop filters based on two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs in silicon-on-insulator platforms. The structure is composed of two photonic crystal line-defect waveguides as input and output ports, along with an L3 cavity with ring-shaped border holes. The effects of structural parameters and fabrication errors on resonance frequency and drop efficiency are investigated. Band structure and propagation of electromagnetic field through device are calculated by plane wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain methods. The results show that the quality factor and line-width of output signal are ~5690 and 0.27 nm, respectively, indicating that the proposed filter can be properly used in dense wavelength division multiplexing systems with 0.8 nm channel spacing.     

Improving the performance of a photonic crystal ring-resonator-based channel drop filter using particle swarm optimization method

The optical channel drop filters (CDFs) based on photonic crystals (PCs) are believed to be the essential components for compact photonic integrated circuits and WDM systems. One of the promising designs for a PC-CDF is based on the photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRRs). In this study, different parameters of a PCRR based CDF is optimized by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method in conjunction with the numerical method of two-dimensional (2D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) in a square lattice dielectric-rod 2D-PC. Hence a PC-CDF with ideal drop efficiency, large free spectral range (FSR) and acceptable quality factor will be proposed.     

Microcavity filters based on hexagonal lattice 2-D photonic crystal structures embedded in ridge waveguides

Two-dimensionally periodic photonic crystal microcavity filters in a ridge waveguide format have been designed and fabricated. Transition mode-matching features were added to increase the optical throughput by more than a factor of two. An increase of Q-factor (more than 100%) was achieved by the addition of two further rows of photonic crystal holes to the microcavity filters. Attempts have also been made to tailor the filter response by applying design concepts used in other Bragg-grating optical filter technologies.     

Novel optical modulator using silicon photonic crystals

We propose a novel compact and integrated optical modulator, which consists of p–i–n silicon photonic crystals with triangular lattice and a line defect waveguide. The device operation is based on a dynamic shift of the photonic band gap (PBG), which induced change in the silicon refractive index by the free carrier injection. We have numerically analyzed and investigated its light modulation performance by using plane wave expansion (PWE) method and finite-difference time-domain method. With small size, rapid response time and high extinct ratio, the designed optical modulator can be used in photonic integrated circuits.     

A 2D rods-in-air square-lattice photonic crystal optical switch

A 2D photonic crystal optical switch is proposed based on a rods-in-air square-lattice photonic crystal by removing two cross-lines of rods from a 2D square-lattice photonic crystal to form four optical channels. The simulation results show that, when inserting a single rod along the diagonal line of the intersection area of two removed cross-lines of rods, the position of the single inserted rod determines how much incident energy goes into different channels. In the case of transverse magnetic (TM) Gaussian point source, time domain simulation shows that up to 87.3% of the incident energy can be switched into a channel, which is vertical to the source channel. Because there are two diagonal lines in the intersection area of two removed cross-lines of rods, the optical switch feature is achieved by shifting the inserted rod between two diagonal lines. It is also found that the magnitude of the reflected wave in the source channel varies greatly with spatial position of the single inserted rod. The larger the magnitude of the reflected wave in the source channel, the less the energy that goes into the switched channel. The time delay between the incident wave and the reflected wave in the source channel is also related to the position of the single inserted rod. In addition, the large time delay between the incident wave and the reflected wave in the source channel shows that the reflected wave encounters many reflections with the walls of the source channel, instead of waves reflected back from the single inserted rod.     

Photonic drop splitters based on self-collimation ring resonators in a silicon photonic crystal

We report here 1 × 3 and 1 × 2 photonic drop splitters (PDSs) with different splitting ratios based on self-collimation ring resonators (SCRRs) in an air-hole silicon photonic crystal. An 1 × 3 PDS consists of four beam splitters and an 1 × 2 PDS consists of three beam splitters and one mirror. Light propagates in the PDSs employing self-collimation effect. The theoretical transmission spectra at different drop ports in PDSs were analyzed with the multiple-beam interference theory. Then they were investigated with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical prediction. For the drop wavelength 1550 nm, the free spectral range of the PDSs is about 29 nm, which almost covers the whole optical communication C-band window. Because of small dimensions, air-hole structure and whole-silicon material, the proposed PDSs hold great potentials for applications in photonic integrated circuits.     

Optical interleaver based on directional coupler in a 2D photonic crystal slab with triangular lattice of air holes

A small-size optical interleaver based on directional coupler in a 2D photonic crystal slab with triangular lattice of air holes is designed and theoretically simulated using plane wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain method. The interleaver is formed by two parallel and identical photonic crystal slab waveguides which are separated by three rows of air holes. The coupling region is designed below the light line to avoid vertical radiation. The simulated results show that the coupling coefficient is increased and the final length of the interleaver is decreased by enlarging the radius of the middle row of air holes. The transmission properties are analyzed after the interleaver’s structure is optimized, and around 100 GHz channel spacing can be got when the length of the interleaver is chosen as 40.5 μm.