基于网状光网络的智能实时监测保护系统的研究

目前光网络的拓扑结构越来越复杂,逐渐向网状结构光网络发展。提出了一种新的网状光网络智能实时在线监测保护方案,该方案采用下层嵌入式监测设备＋上层网管中心的模式。在嵌入式监测保护设备上加入保护光纤路由计算的功能,由嵌入式监测保护设备事先用路由算法计算出每条工作光纤的备用光纤路由,在工作光纤发生故障时及时进行切换。该方案实现了真正无人值守的光网络智能实时在线监测保护设备,适应网状光网络的发展要求,实现网状光网络的透明无阻断通信。     

Transparent Two-Fiber Optical Channel Shared Protection Ring

A two-fiber optical channel shared protection ring including node architecture, signaling protocol, control hardware, and software is designed and implemented experimentally. For a ring with four nodes and two wavelengths, a total protection switching time of 6.8 ms is demonstrated along with a revert-to-working switching time of 1.6 ms. Experimental results show that the switching time scales linearly with number of nodes and number of wavelengths. The system can protect a ring with 16 nodes, 1200 km circumference, and 40 wavelengths in less than 50 ms.     

Transparent Two-Fiber Optical Channel Shared Protection Ring

A two-fiber optical channel shared protection ring including node architecture, signaling protocol, control hardware, and software is designed and implemented experimentally. For a ring with four nodes and two wavelengths, a total protection switching time of 6.8 ms is demonstrated along with a revert-to-working switching time of 1.6 ms. Experimental results show that the switching time scales linearly with number of nodes and number of wavelengths. The system can protect a ring with 16 nodes, 1200 km circumference, and 40 wavelengths in less than 50 ms.     

Survivable routing and spectrum allocation algorithm based on p-cycle protection in elastic optical networks

With the number of large capacity applications in core network increasing, the bandwidth requirement of optical connections in conventional Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks keeps enhancing, so that the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is adopted to provide higher spectrum efficiency and flexibility in the future elastic optical networks. Meanwhile, survivability in the conventional WDM optical networks has been widely studied as an important issue to ensure the service continuity. However, survivability in OFDM-based elastic optical networks is more challenging than that in conventional WDM optical networks because each fiber usually carries even more connections. Therefore, it is necessary to study the new lightpath protection algorithm in elastic optical networks. Since p-cycle protection scheme has short restoration time and simple protection switching procedure, in this paper, we study the static Survivable p-Cycle Routing and Spectrum Allocation (SC-RSA) problem with providing an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation. Since RSA is a NP-hard problem, we propose a new heuristic algorithm called Elastic p-Cycle Protection (ECP) to tolerate the single-fiber link failure. For each demand, ECP scheme can compute highly-efficient p-cycles to provide protection for all of the on-cycle links and the straddling links. We also consider the load balancing and choose the proper working path for each demand. Simulation results show that the proposed ECP scheme achieves better performances than traditional single-line-rate survivable schemes.     

在WDM全光网络上构建上层网络的路由算法

在WDM全光网络上构建上层网络需要考虑上层网络的保护机制.上层网络按保护机制可分为最大故障链路数保护网和连通保护网.针对它们的不同特点给出了构建两类上层网络并使费用最低的启发式路由算法.与已有方法相比,具有算法简单,时间复杂性小,容易实用化的特点.大量的模拟计算也证明了算法的正确性.     

一种新的格状波分复用光网络保护方法

在P圈法和哈密顿环保护法的基础上,提出了一种新的适用于格状波分复用光网络的基于资源的环保护方法,我们称之为RP圈法.与其他基于环的格状光网络保护方法相比,RP圈法具有配置方式简单、与业务模型不相关以及圈具有长度限制等许多特点.文中给出了RP圈法的一种启发式算法,仿真结果表明此算法具有较高的容量效率,是一种可适用于动态业务的实用化光网络保护方法.     

Protection of phosphate glass by BK7 glass film in ion-exchange processing

Surface corrosion of phosphate glass during ion-exchange processing for optical waveguide fabrication is studied, and a protection method by using BK7 glass film is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The protection coating processing is described and optical microscope and atomic force microscope observations are presented. Characteristics of the planar waveguide were measured also to show the protection coating would not introduce influence to waveguide formation in the phosphate glass. Experimental results show that the method can serve an effective protection, and will improve the performance of rare-earth-doped active phosphate glass optical waveguides.     

光互联网的抗毁性设计研究

由于互联网层叠模型中多层都存在重复的保护与恢复机制，致使互联网的实现极其复杂，造成网络传输效率较低，而且拥塞。随着密集波分复用（DWDM）的广泛使用和网络底层性能的大幅度提高，已经不需要再对网络中多层进行重复保护与恢复。在此基础上，采用了未来光互联网3层 (应用层、IP层和光互联层) 协议模型，并对其中的光互联层的保护进行了深入的研究，提出了部分共享备用路径保护(P-SPP)方法。此模型能充分利用IP层电子的灵活恢复机制与光互联层的快速保护与恢复机制，提高光互联网的传输性能，以适应目前高速发展的互联网对传输带宽的要求。     

Multicast protection algorithms based on aggregated logical topology in survivable multi-domain optical networks

Since the optical network carries a lot of traffic, the survivability is an important issue to ensure the service continuity. At the same time, with the network scale increasing, the optical network has been divided into multi-domains each of which is managed by a unique network provider. Therefore, the survivability in multi-domain optical networks has got more attention in recent years. However, current works mostly addressed the unicast survivability and few or no solved the multicast survivability in multi-domain optical networks. Therefore, in this paper we propose two heuristic algorithms called Multicast Multi-domain Dedicated Protection (MMDP) and Multicast Multi-domain Shared Protection (MMSP) to provide the survivability in multicast multi-domain optical networks. In MMDP and MMSP, to provide the intra-domain protection, we use the modified Minimal-cost Path Heuristic (MPH) algorithm to compute the intra-domain survivable multicast tree. To provide the inter-domain protection, based on multi-domain logical topology, we firstly use the MPH algorithm to compute the inter-domain logical multicast tree and then use the Dijkstra algorithm to compute the inter-domain logical backup sub-path for each inter-link on this logical multicast tree. Simulation results show that MMSP has better resource utilization efficiency and lower blocking probability.     

Application of WDM holographic devices in access and metro networks

In this paper, a design of a generic multipurpose device is described. It can operate, in its basic structure, as a tunable wavelength filter, wavelength multiplexer or λ router; by using a more complex structure, the device works as an optical add drop multiplexer (OADM) or/and optical switch (OS). It can be used in both coarse and dense wavelength division multiplexing technology (CWDM/DWDM) according to the network application. Performance parameters of the device, like switching time, losses, crosstalk or polarization insensitivity are analyzed and compared with other switching technologies. Some applications of the holographic WDM multifunction device in METRO networks are described, such as the utilization of OADMs in optical path protection/reconfiguration between nodes (1 + 1 configuration) and the use of optical switches to interconnect nodes of the METRO–access network with the METRO-Core or long haul networks in a reconfigurable topology. Other applications in Access networks are possible, like the use of the OADMs in optical path protection between the optical line termination (OLT) at the central office (CO) and the remote node (RN) in a fiber to the office passive-optical network (FTTO-PON) or, in some specific cases, the utilization as tuneable holographic filters in a FTTO application, at the Business ONT (BONT), to select the assigned optical wavelength according to the services provided to the customer.     

A novel hop constrained sub-path protection routing algorithm in WDM networks

The survivable design is a key issue in reliable WDM optical networks to assure the service guarantee to customers. The sub-path protection metrics can achieve shorter failure recovery time than path protection metrics for a modest sacrifice in resource utilization. Rather than the conventional equal-length sub-path protection metrics (CDR algorithm), in this paper we propose a novel heuristic dynamic hop constrained sub-path protection (HCSPP) routing algorithm to provide a more flexible way to compute the primary sub-paths and the backup sub-paths. The main idea of HCSPP is that we first compute the primary path and its end-to-end backup path, the found primary and its end-to-end backup path constitute a protection cycle, then we partition the protection cycle into several smaller protection cycles by the straddling paths we introduced, the hop count for each small protection cycle should be constrained in a threshold value and the value can be adjusted according to different network topologies or different management policy, thus we can control the tradeoff between the failure recovery time and the resource utilization ratio. Compared with the CDR [P.-H. Ho, J. Tapolcai, T. Cinkler, IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking 12 (6) (2004) 1105] algorithm, HCSPP can achieve a better compromise between the blocking probability and the failure recovery time. We evaluate the effectiveness of the HCSPP and the results are found to be promising.     

可剥离光学仪器镜头防护膜制备及性能分析

为避免闲置的光学仪器镜头受到微生物、雾气、油污的侵蚀,造成不必要的经济损失,以聚氯乙烯为主要原料,在设定温度搅拌条件下,加入抗氧剂、缓蚀剂和其他助剂,制备成新型可剥离防护膜.对膜的相关性能进行了分析,成膜稳定时间20 min,平均拉伸强度已达4.52 MPa,可以大面积揭剥.经环境试验证实能够达到防霉防盐雾的效果,进一步证明了该可剥离防护膜具有良好的性能.     

激光推力器喷管热防护实验研究

 基于激光推力器喷管热烧蚀因素分析，初步提出了反射式和吸收式两种喷管热防护方法，并相应设计了两种喷管。以10 kW级脉冲式CO₂激光器为光源，三次反射激光推力器为对象，进行了两种方式下两种喷管的热防护初步实验研究。结果表明：两种喷管均发生不同程度烧蚀，与相对聚焦位置和激光作用时间有关；反射式热防护通过喷管光学表面对透射激光能量进行二次聚焦，以及良好的循环冷却，可能成为将来激光推力器喷管热防护的备选方案之一。     

Improved output energy characteristic of optical limiting based on double stimulated Brillouin scattering

In order to improve the optical limiting performance based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), a method based on double SBS is proposed in this paper. The dependence of the output energy of optical limiting based on double SBS on the pump energy is numerically simulated, and experimentally validated with an Nd:YAG seed-injected laser. The results indicate that only the first SBS optical limiting works in the case of low pump energy. However, as the pump energy increases, the second SBS process can be activated if the transmitted power of the first SBS is still above the SBS threshold. Therefore, the output energy characteristic of optical limiting based on double SBS is much better than that based on single SBS. Owing to the sub-nanosecond response time and a high power threshold, the SBS optical limiting can provide protection in high power laser systems.     

Failure location mechanism in long-reach PON based on OCDR

An efficient and unambiguous failure monitoring and protection mechanism is proposed in long-reach passive optical network (LR-PON). Optical code domain reflectometer by optical coding scheme is utilized. Improved optical encoders are placed centrally in optical distribution network and at both sides of each remote node to monitor all links and nodes in the network, which can make much simpler installation and smaller management costs. A reliable and robust protection system is designed and it can protect LR-PON from multiple fault cases. The network can achieve monitoring and protection process by network management system centrally. After locating fault, the system can also monitor the network continuously. The performance analysis of the monitoring system: signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio, signal-to-interference-ratio and signal-to-noise-ratio are studied. Furthermore, the performance of data signals for protection system is investigated by bit error rate. The results obtained prove the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed network, and it can support high network capacity.     

一种基于同步传输机制的混合保护方式研究

随着同步数字体系（SDH）多业务平台的日趋发展，传统的SDH保护方式已无法满足现在的需要。提出了一种混合保护方式，在同一个环内实现子网连接保护和两纤双向复用段保护，可实现对高阶和低阶业务的同时兼顾，解决SDH多业务平台的保护问题。该方法在实践中取得了良好的效果。     

基于加权率失真优化SPIHT算法的干涉多光谱图像压缩

基于空间调制型成像光谱仪的成像特点,提出了一种适合于干涉多光谱图像的加权率失真优化多级树集合分裂(SPIHT)光谱压缩算法。该算法根据干涉多光谱图像在时域和频域的特点,推导出时域中随着光程差的增大,干涉图像对频域中光谱曲线的形状影响越大。因此,在光程差方向上,逐渐提升率失真函数的斜率,增大对图像的保护程度,不仅弥补了SPIHT算法在码率分配上的不足,而且有效地保护了频域中的光谱信息。实验结果表明,无论在时域还是频域,该算法与现有算法相比,性能有明显改进。     

多波长复用光传送网的生存结构

本文讨论了光传送网的传送和监控机制,按照传送网通用功能结构的定义,分析了光传送网几种保护交换方式内在的机制,讨论了各自应该属于路径保护还是子网连接保护.在此基础上给出了光信道保护环和光复用段保护环详细的功能结构,同时简要地介绍了这两种保护环信息建模中需要用到的对象类.     

绝缘栅双极晶体管串联关键技术

为实现绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）的多级串联,以电阻/电容/二极管（RCD）缓冲电路为动态均压电路,通过数学分析及PSpice仿真验证,建立了RCD缓冲电路参数选择模型;设计了基于数字信号处理器（DSP）控制、光纤隔离传输,以M57962L为IGBT驱动器的驱动电路及故障反馈电路,能驱动32只串联IGBT并对其进行过流和短路保护,32只IGBT的最大导通时间不超过90 ns,短路保护响应时间约为6 s;设计了8路独立输出的50 kV隔离的高压隔离电源,实现IGBT串联电路各部分的供电及电隔离。基于以上IGBT串联方法,实现了32只1200 V IGBT的串联,串联电路可稳定工作在20 kV电压下。     

基于FPGA技术的加速器切束控制系统设计

针对加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)中强流质子直线加速器,即ADS注入器Ⅱ,设计了采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)切束技术的加速器快保护控制系统。当系统检测到束流异常故障信号时能快速切断束流,并上传故障信息,方便故障排查和后期数据分析。该控制器基于FPGA设计,可实现光纤通信、串口通信、逻辑电平信号输出等功能。其中,光纤通信功能用于控制斩波器电源快速切断束流;串口通信用于实时传输设备状态信息;逻辑电平信号输出用于控制继电器产生开关量信号去远程控制保护设备,以防止运行设备的损害。通过现场运行测试,切束响应时间在10 s之内,达到安全设计要求。