PS-b-PAA嵌段共聚物修饰的智能表面的制备及其响应行为的研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP), 再经水解后得到了嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸(PS-b-PAA), 接枝到硅烷偶联剂γ-(2,3环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷[γ-(2,3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, GPS]修饰的Si表面得到了对溶剂具有响应性的智能表面, 并通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(¹H NMR)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等测试手段对产物进行了表征. 然后, 通过接触角测试研究了所得智能表面对不同溶剂的响应行为. 结果显示, PS-b-PAA接枝表面的润湿性与接枝共聚物的组成及表面处理的溶剂性质有关. 在相同的溶剂处理条件下, 共聚物中PS/PAA比值越小, 表面亲水性越大; 乙醇和碱性溶液处理后的表面呈亲水状态, 甲苯和酸性水溶液处理后的表面又切换到疏水状态, 同时其表面的酸碱响应行为具有非常稳定的可逆性.     

三嵌段共聚物PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN的合成及其自组装行为的研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制得了分子量可控、分子量分布窄的聚丙烯腈-b-聚乙二醇-b-聚丙烯腈P(AN-b-PEG-b-PAN)嵌段共聚物. 通过¹H NMR, FTIR, 凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对所得产物的结构和分子量进行了表征并通过TG和DTA考察了该嵌段共聚物的热稳定性; 运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光探针技术和动态光散射(DLS)研究了P(AN)₂₇-b-P(EG)₄₅-b-P(AN)₂₇在溶剂水中胶束的形成、结构、形貌和胶束粒径. 结果表明, 三嵌段共聚物P(AN)₂₇-b-P(EG)₄₅-b-P(AN)₂₇的热稳定性较纯聚乙二醇P(EG)好, 且柔性链PEG的引入对嵌段共聚物的放热峰位置没有显著的影响. 当改变此嵌段共聚物溶液浓度时, 该嵌段共聚物会自组装成不同形状的胶束, DLS测量的胶束粒径大于TEM观察的结果, 其临界胶束浓度(cmc)约为4.46×10^－4 g•L^－1.     

疏水介孔二氧化硅膜的制备与表征

用甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)代替部分正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为前驱体，以聚乙烯醚-聚丙烯醚-聚乙烯醚三嵌段共聚物(P123)作有机模板剂，通过共水解缩聚反应制备了甲基修饰的介孔SiO₂膜。利用N₂吸附、FTIR、²⁹Si MAS NMR以及接触角测量仪对膜的孔结构和疏水性进行了表征。结果表明，修饰后的膜材料具有良好的介孔结构，最可几孔径为4.65 nm，孔体积为0.69 cm³·g^-1，比表面积为938.4 m²·g^-1；同时疏水性明显提高，当n_MTES/n_TEOS达到1.0时，其对水的接触角达到109°± 1.1°。气体渗透实验表明气体通过膜孔的扩散由努森机制所控制。     

氧化铁改性蛭石的制备、表征及吸附氟的特性

采用共沉淀法制备了3种不同含铁量的氧化铁改性蛭石(Verm-Fe_x,x=5,10,20),研究了纯蛭石(Verm)和Verm-Fe_x的表面性质及吸附氟的特性。与样品Verm比较,3种Verm-Fe_x中Verm的d₍₀₀₂₎层间距略有升高;Verm-Fe_x的孔体积、表面积、表面分形度均随含铁量的增加而升高,其中微孔体积和外表面积的增加幅度更明显。4种样品的等电点(IEP)也随含铁量的增加而明显升高;初始pH＝5.0时,它们的表面ζ电位分别为-16.4,-6.1,10.5和28.4 mV。4种样品对氟的等温吸附数据用单吸附位Langmuir模型拟合(R²=0.973~0.995)时,Verm的R²最高;双吸附位Langmuir模型可很好地描述3种Verm-Fe_x样品的等温吸附过程(R²=0.991~0.998);Freundlich模型对4种样品吸附数据的拟合度较差(R²=0.835~0.937),但R²随样品含铁量的增加而略微升高。初始pH=5.0时,Verm和Verm-Fe_x(x=5,10,20)对氟的最大吸附容量(q_max)分别为3.18,6.76,9.27和12.43 mg·g^-1。可见,Verm-Fe_x(尤其含铁量较高的产物)对表生环境中氟的吸附固定性能明显高于Verm。     

水滑石焙烧产物-镁铝复合氧化物表面性质的反相气相色谱研究

用共沉淀法制备的镁铝水滑石(Mg/Al物质的量比为3),经一定温度焙烧后,得到“笼”状结构的复合氧化物,并采用反相气相色谱法(IGC)对复合氧化物和混合氧化物(氧化镁和氧化铝)的表面性质进行了研究。实验测得一系列探针分子在复合氧化物和混合氧化物上的保留时间,可计算出其吸附热力学函数(吸附自由能(ΔG^?),吸附焓(ΔH^?),吸附熵(ΔS^?)),表面能色散组分(γ_S^d)及复合氧化物的表面酸碱参数(K_A,K_D),并探讨了探针分子在复合氧化物上的吸附机理。结果表明,探针分子进入复合氧化物的“笼”状结构后,可以减小温度对探针分子吸附过程的影响。此外,计算出复合氧化物的表面酸碱参数K_A=3.21及K_D=21.02,定量地表明镁铝复合氧化物是一种两性偏碱的材料。     

离子液体微乳液合成纳米AgCl及AgCl/poly(MMA-co-St)杂化膜性能调控

在以离子液体氯化-1-十二烷基甲基咪唑(C₁₂mimCl)为表面活性剂,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与苯乙烯(St)混合物为油相介质的反相微乳液中合成AgCl纳米粒子,进而采用微乳液原位聚合法制备AgCl/poly(MMA-co-St)杂化膜。通过紫外可见光谱和透射电镜分析了微乳液组成(油相介质组成和增容水量ω)对纳米AgCl粒子形貌的影响。结合扫描电镜和苯、环已烷的溶胀实验探讨了微乳液组成对杂化膜性能的调控作用。结果发现,微乳液油相介质中St/MMA体积比增大有利于在微乳液和杂化膜中获得更多纳米AgCl粒子,增加了杂化膜的苯平衡溶胀吸附量(A_∞,b)与苯/环已烷的平衡溶胀吸附选择性(α_s,b/c)。在St/MMA体积比为1：3时杂化膜的A_∞,b和α_s,b/c分别达到330mg·g^-1和19.21;但过多苯乙烯加入油相介质,其苯环中π键会破坏水核中AgCl粒子的稳定性而引起粒子团聚,从而降低了杂化膜的A_∞,b和α_s,b/c。反相微乳液中合成的纳米AgCl粒子量随ω增大而增多、粒径增大,杂化膜的A_∞,b和α_s,b/c随ω的增加而增大。但过高的ω导致微乳液中出现AgCl大粒子,从而引起杂化膜的A_∞,b和α_s,b/c下降。     

1,4-丁炔二醇与4,4′-二乙炔联苯共聚物的合成及表征研究

 本文用(Ph₃P)₂PdCl₂为催化剂,合成了1,4-丁炔二醇(BD)与4,4-二乙炔联苯(DEBP)共聚物。对用不同比例的两种单体得到的共聚物测定了比重(d₄²⁵、溶胀度(θ_D)、最良溶剂及相邻两交联点之间的平均分子量(M_c)。实验表明,在两种单体摩尔比中,DEBP用量越多,共聚物中泡状微孔越多,颜色越淡,溶胀度和比重越小,交联度越大;DEBP/BD(摩尔比)大于1/5时,共聚物的最良溶剂为苯,溶度参数为9.15卡^0.5·cm^-1.5,是1/10时,其最良溶剂为乙醇,溶度参数是12.7卡^0.5·cm^-1.5。对共聚物还做了红外光谱表征。     

嵌段共聚物PDMAEMA-b-PCL的合成、修饰及其水溶液性质研究

通过甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate)和环己内酯(ε-caprolactone)之间的连续阴离子聚合, 合成了末端含有氨基的聚甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯-嵌段-聚己内酯的双亲性嵌段共聚物(PDMAEMA-b-PCL). 为了增强生物相容性, 通过末端氨基与D-葡萄糖酸内酯(D-gluconolactone)的酰胺化反应对该共聚物进行糖基修饰. 合成的共聚物的化学结构用氢核磁共振光谱(¹H NMR)和红外光谱(IR)进行表征, 聚合物的分子量分布采用凝胶色谱(GPC)测定, 该嵌段共聚物在水溶液中的自组装行为则借助于动态光散射(DLS)进行了研究.     

苯在Au(100)表面化学吸附的周期性密度泛函理论研究

采用局域密度泛函理论(LDA)的VWN方法, 结合周期平板模型, 在DNP基组下, 研究了苯分子在Au(100)面的吸附情况. 构型优化的结果表明, 苯分子在穴位吸附活性最高, 吸附能为－184.8～－184.3 kJ•mol^-1, 苯环发生扭曲, C—C键明显拉长, 出现了介于苯和1,4-环己二烯之间的船状构型, 船头的2个C原子从sp²杂化重新进行sp³杂化. 苯分子在桥位和顶位的吸附活性较低, 吸附能分别为－156.7～－145.3 kJ•mol^-1、－116.5～－117.0 kJ•mol^-1, 苯分子构型有稍微的改变. 轨道分析的结果还表明, 吸附之后苯分子的轨道简并度降低, 苯分子的LUMO轨道和邻近Au原子的d_z²轨道叠加比较好, 两个对位的C原子以双σ形式连接到表面邻近的Au原子上.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物在空气和水界面上的界面行为

通过原子转移自由基聚合合成了由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚乙二醇链段组成的嵌段共聚物PMMA₂₉₁-b-PEO₁₁₄和PMMA₁₂₀-b-PEO₂₂₇-b-PMMA₁₂₀, 其中PEO链段是表面活性且水溶性的, 而PMMA链段是表面活性但非水溶性的. 研究了两种嵌段共聚物在空气/水界面上的界面行为, 结果表明它们都能形成具有两个明显转化点的单层膜, 第一个转化点在10 mN/m, 对应于PEO从煎饼型构象向刷型构象转变; 另一个转化点在18 mN/m, 对应于PMMA的紧密排列. 利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段观测了压缩过程中不同压力下形成的表面聚集形貌, 发现低压下形成的是典型的PEO脂质体形貌, 压缩后形成的是以球形为主体的表面形貌. 所不同的是, 两嵌段共聚物易发生链折叠, 三嵌段共聚物易形成球形胶束结构.     

Synthesis and biocompatibility of phosphoryl polymer and relationship between biocompatibility and water structure

A series of copolymers, poly(methylmethacrylate-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), with various compositions of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) were synthesized by radical copolymerization in a mixed solvent of ethanol and chloroform. The structures of the copolymers were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. The properties and morphologies of the copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscope. The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the adhesion of platelet on the surfaces of the copolymer membrane significantly decreased with increasing the MPC composition. The copolymers containing MPC above 18% showed excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, the relationship between the water structure and the biocompatibility was illustrated by changing quantity of the MPC in copolymers. The result showed that the amount of free water affected the platelet compatibility of the copolymer.     

Modification of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes with phosphorylcholine copolymer can remarkably improve the antifouling and permeation properties

The synthesized phosphorylcholine copolymer composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC) and n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), blended with polyethersulfone (PES), was used to fabricate antifouling ultrafiltration membranes. Water contact angle measurements confirmed that the hydrophilicity of the MPC-modified PES membranes was enhanced to certain extent. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis verified the substantial enrichment of MPC at the surface of the MPC-modified PES membranes. The adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption amounts of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the MPC-modified PES membranes were dramatically decreased in comparison with the control PES membrane. Ultrafiltration experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of MPC modification on the antifouling and permeation properties of the PES membranes, it was found that the rejection ratio of BSA was decreased, the flux recovery ratio was remarkably increased, and the degree of irreversible fouling decreased from 0.46 to 0.09. In addition, the MPC-modified PES membranes could run several cycles without substantial flux loss.     

Biofouling resistance of ultrafiltration membranes controlled by surface self-assembled coating with PEGylated copolymers

Block and random PEGylated copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) and polystyrene (PS) were synthesized with a controlled polydispersity using an atom transfer radical polymerization method and varying molar mass ratios of PS/PEGMA. Two types of PEGylated copolymers were self-assembly coated onto the surface of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes for enhancing biofouling resistance. It was found that the adsorption capacities of random copolymers on PVDF membranes were all higher than those of block copolymers. However, the specific and overall protein resistance of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on PVDF membranes coated with block copolymers was much higher than that with random copolymers. The increase in styrene content in copolymer increased the amount of polymer coating on the membrane, and the increase in PEGMA content enhanced the protein resistance of membranes. The optimum PS/PEGMA ratio was found to be close to 2 for the best resistance of protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion on the PEGylated diblock copolymer-coated membranes. The PVDF membrane coated with such a copolymer owned excellent biofouling resistance to BSA, humic acid, negatively surface charged bacteria E. coli, and positively surface charged bacteria S. maltophilia.     

Photoinduced graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine on polyethylene membrane surface for obtaining blood cell adhesion resistance

Phospholipid polymer, poly[2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)], was grafted with polyethylene (PE) membrane using photoinduced polymerization technique to make the membrane resistant to cell adhesion. The water contact angle on the PE membrane grafted with poly(MPC) decreased with an increase in the photopolymerization time. This decrease corresponded to the increase in the amount of poly(MPC) grafted on the PE surface. The same graft polymerization procedure was applied using other hydrophilic monomers, such as acrylamide (AAm), N-vinylpyrrolidone (VPy) and methacryloyl poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG). These monomers were also polymerized to form grafted chains on the PE membrane, and the grafting was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Analysis of amount and distribution of plasma proteins at the plasma-contacting surface of the original and the modified PE membranes were analyzed using immunogold assay. The grafting of poly(MPC) and poly(VPy) on PE membrane reduced the plasma protein adsorption significantly compared with that on the original PE membrane. However, the PE membranes grafted with poly(AAm) or poly(MPEG) did not show any effects on protein adsorption. Platelet adhesion on the original and modified PE membranes from platelet-rich plasma was also examined. A large number of platelets adhered and activated on the original PE membrane. Grafting with poly(AAm) did not suppress platelet adhesion, but grafting with poly(MPC) or poly(VPy) on the PE membrane was effective in preventing platelet adhesion. It is concluded that the introduction of the phosphorylcholine group on the surface could decrease the cell adhesion to substrate polymer.     

Surface modification of polyacrylonitrile-based membranes by chemical reactions to generate phospholipid moieties

A novel approach for the surface modification of poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PANCHEMA) membranes by introducing phospholipid moieties is presented, which involved the reaction of the hydroxyl groups on the membrane surface with 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (COP) followed by the ring-opening reaction of COP with trimethylamine. The chemical changes of phospholipid-modified acrylonitrile-based copolymers (PMANCP) membranes were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface properties of PMANCP membranes were evaluated by pure water contact angle, protein adsorption, and platelet adhesion measurements. Pure water contact angles measured by the sessile drop method on PMANCP membranes were obviously lower than those measured on the PANCHEMA membranes and decreased with the increase of the content of phospholipid moieties on the membrane surface. It was found that the bovine serum albumin adsorption and platelet adhesion were suppressed significantly with the introduction of phospholipid moieties on the membranes surface. These results demonstrated that the described process was an efficient way to improve the surface biocompatibility for the acrylonitrile-based copolymer membrane.     

Immobilization of bovine serum albumin onto porous polyethylene membranes using strongly attached polydopamine as a spacer

Based on the self-polymerization and strong adhesion characteristics of dopamine in aqueous solution, a novel and convenient approach was developed to immobilize protein onto porous polyethylene (PE) membranes. A thin polydopamine (pDA) layer was formed and tightly coated onto PE membrane by dipping simply the membrane into dopamine aqueous solution for a period of time. Subsequently, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was bound onto the obtained PE/pDA composite membranes via the coupling between BSA and the reactive polydopamine layer. The firm immobilization of polydopamine layer and BSA was verified by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of water contact angle measurement showed that the hydrophilicity of PE membrane was significantly improved after coating polydopamine and binding BSA. The experiments of blood platelet adhesion indicated that BSA-immobilized PE membrane had better blood compatibility than the unmodified PE and the PE/pDA composite membranes. The investigations on hepatocyte cultures and cell viability revealed that the polydopamine coating endowed PE membrane with significantly improved cell compatibility. Compared to BSA surface, polydopamine surface is more favorable for cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation.     

Syntheses and Surface Properties of Polyacrylonitrile-based Copolymer Membranes Containing Sugar Moieties

Introduction Asatypeofwidelyusedmembranematerials, polyacrylonitrile(PAN)hasbeeninvestigatedby manyresearchersinthefieldsofpervaporation,ul- trafiltration,anddialysis[1_4].However,PAN- basedmembranesarerelativelyhydrophobicwitha lowbiocompatibility.Thesepropertieslimittheir furtherapplicationsinaqueoussolutionseparation andtheirusageasbiomedicaldevices.Muchatten- tionhasbeenpaidtoimprovingthecharacteristics ofPAN-basedmembranes.Thecopolymerization ofANwithhydrophilicmonomersisconsideredas…     

Modification of porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane using amphiphilic polymers with different structures in phase inversion process

Three kinds of amphiphilic polymers, including the tri-block copolymer of (polyethylene oxide)–(polypropylene oxide)–(polyethylene oxide) (I, EPTBP), the comb-like copolymer of polysiloxane with polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide side chains (II, ACPS) and the hyperbranched star copolymer of polyester-g-methoxyl polyethylene glycol (III, HPE-g-MPEG), were blended with PVDF to fabricate porous membranes via a phase inversion process, respectively, and the effects of the different structures of the amphiphilic polymers on the properties of the blend membranes were compared. The membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, mercury porosimetry, water contact angle measurements, etc. The anti-fouling properties of the prepared membranes were evaluated by static and dynamic bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorptions. Specially, the stabilities of these amphiphilic polymers in the final membranes were estimated by continuous leaching tests. At the same time, the properties of the membranes using the amphiphilic polymers as modifiers were compared with those of the membrane using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as modifier.     

Synthesis and biocompatibility of a novel silicone hydrogel containing phosphorylcholine

A novel poly (methyl methacrylate-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-tris(trimethylsiloxy)-3-methacryloxypropylsilane) terpolymer (PMMT) was synthesized and the anti-biofouling properties were studied in order to evaluate the potential of this silicone hydrogel to be used as contact lens material. The chemical structure was characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR and elemental analysis. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and poly (methyl methacrylate-co-tris (trimethylsiloxy)-3-methacryloxypropylsilane) (PMT) were also synthesized to compare with PMMT. Protein adsorption measurement showed that for PMMT-2 membrane (MPC: 16.6 mol%), the amount of adsorbed proteins was decreased by 75.3% and 76.8% compared with PMMA and PMT membranes, respectively. SEM pictures showed clearly that PMMT films suppressed the adhesion of platelets. Water structure in polymers was determined by differential scanning calorimetry, and PMMT-2 possessed more freezing water content than PMMT-1 (MPC: 14.5 mol%). The equilibrium water content of PMMT-2 membrane reached 55%, which might offer comfortable wear feeling, and the introduction of MPC increased the wettability of the polymer surface dramatically. Both the terpolymers PMMT-1 and PMMT-2 exhibited high transparency (relatively constant at approximately 96%) in the visible light wave range. Moreover, oxygen transmissibility (Dk/t) of the terpolymers met the requirement for a lens to be worn safely overnight. It could be concluded that the novel silicone hydrogel containing MPC unit was an effective candidate material for making biomaterials, particularly for contact lenses.     

Water structure and mobility in acrylamide copolymer glycohydrogels with galactose and siloxane pendant groups

Glycohydrogels containing 2′‐acrylamidoethyl‐β‐d ‐galactopyranoside and varying levels of N,N′ methylene bisacrylamide and 3‐acrylamidopropyltris(trimethylsiloxy)silane were synthesized to determine the effects of crosslinker and amphipathic balance on equilibrium water content (EWC), bound water population, and hydrogen bonding dynamics at the water–polymer interface. Analogous dimethylacrylamide hydrogels were synthesized for comparison with a system containing lower hydrogen bonding propensity. An approach combining experiment (proton nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic vapor sorption analysis) and molecular dynamics simulations was employed to examine the relationship between bulk hydrogel properties, molecular water mobility, and hydrogen bonding characteristics. It was found that copolymer composition (hydrophobic content) and crosslink concentration in high water content glycohydrogels affect EWC, and by extension, structural water population. The organization of water at the polymer interface is greatly impacted by the surrounding environment, where hindered molecular water mobility promotes water–polymer binding and decreases water–water clustering. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 584–597