高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器的设计及实验研究

高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器在激光加工、激光测量等领域具有广泛的用途.为了实现激光器腔内光斑聚焦同时减少色散和体积,人们常常将曲面反射镜用在激光谐振腔中,但光束倾斜入射到曲面反射镜往往会引起像散,从而导致光斑质量恶化,并降低激光器的性能.另一方面,在高功率激光器或超短脉冲激光器中,激光增益介质热透镜焦距的起伏,是导致激光输出功率波动的主要原因之一.针对激光器的像散和功率波动这两个问题,本文提出了一套简单高效的解决方案,在考虑像散补偿和热透镜效应的基础上,基于传播变换圆理论,首次提出一种可实现高光束质量、高功率稳定性激光器谐振腔的设计方法,并对采用该方法所设计出的超短脉冲激光器进行理论与实验研究.研究结果表明,利用该方法设计的激光谐振腔,两端臂像散能够完全被补偿,实验上实现了基模高斯光束输出;当激光晶体热透镜焦距改变时,该方法所设计出的激光谐振腔内各关键位置光斑半径的变化,显著地小于普通谐振腔,在相同外界条件下,其输出激光功率稳定性明显优于普通激光器.     

激光器参数综合检测系统设计

为解决目前各激光器检测仪功能单一、检测精度低等问题,研制了一种新型智能激光器参数检测系统。该系统采用现代控制技术和微机软件,且配有特定结构的分光束光学系统,能同时实现辐射器光轴平行性、光束性能参数（包括光束发散能量、脉宽、编码精度）、光轴稳定性测试和系统整体性能测试。通过引入红外自准直仪使系统的角分辨率达到了2″,借助示波器捕获窄达100ps的激光脉冲,高精度、大动态范围的激光能量计可精确测量出激光的能量。     

宽工作温度全固态人眼安全光参量振荡器

采用折叠棱镜腔电光调Q半导体泵浦板条Nd∶ YAG激光器作为泵浦源,内腔泵浦Ⅱ类非临界相位匹配KTP光参量振荡器实现1.57 μm人眼安全激光输出,经测试,在30～55℃宽工作温度条件下,激光器工作频率20 Hz时,单脉冲能量58.2mJ,脉冲宽度7.56 ns,光束发散角约为2 mrad,连续工作1 min,能量稳定性(PTP)优于6.438％,光轴指向稳定性优于0.1mrad,具备较强环境适应性,目前已实现工程化运用.     

用于激光核聚变装置的光路自动准直

介绍了用于激光核聚变装置光路自动准直系统，讨论了光束位置探测器，激光器，微机等技术问题。实验结果是自动光轴调整精度为光束直径的±１％。     

两路120 W固体激光高光束质量相干合成

通过主动相位控制实现了两路固体激光器的高光束质量相干合成输出,总输出功率达到240W。建立了两路120W板条激光放大器,通过光束整形获得了高光束质量方形光斑,并实现了高占空比光束拼接,填充因子高于92.4%。研制了光轴一致性探测与控制系统,采用基于压电陶瓷的快反镜实现了光轴的高精度闭环控制,两束激光光轴一致性优于2μrad(RMS)。设计了基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的相位探测与控制系统,用随机并行梯度下降算法(SPGD)锁定了两束激光的活塞相位。相位闭环后,远场光斑峰值提高到开环状态的1.7倍,为理想值的84%。合成光束主瓣包含67%的激光总能量,光束质量(BQ)为1.1。     

一种改进的激光彩色电视显示系统

过去报导的激光彩色显示系统,要用两个或三个激光器、三个光调制器、一套由多种双色镜或棱镜组成的光束分裂器,还要另外一套双色镜或棱镜,用于光束的复合。在1970年信息显示学会讨论会上,G.Hrbek等人报告的一种激光显示系统只用一个激光器,但需要三个调制器、三个水平偏转器和彩色重合光学系统。 这里介绍一种新的单一化激光彩色电     

半导体激光器拍摄全息图的研究

半导体激光器输出的光束为椭圆高斯光束,若直接用于全息照相非常不利.采用梯形棱镜对将半导体激光器输出光束进行整形,并且在输出光束束腰位置进行全息照相,拍摄的全息图效果非常逼真.     

大功率高光斑均匀性半导体激光复合光源

 为了获得具有更高输出功率和良好光斑分布均匀性的半导体激光光源,根据半导体激光优良的偏振特性,利用偏振分光棱镜将2束大功率激光束合成为一束更大功率的光束,通过一个发射系统投射。在光束合成前采用非球面光学系统对每个激光器慢轴方向的光束进行扩束,使其与快轴方向光束发散角基本一致。实验证明,此种半导体激光复合光源具有良好的光斑均匀性,其输出功率是2个半导体激光器输出功率之和,完全满足激光制导等军用系统对激光功率和光斑均匀性的要求。     

400 Hz高光束质量高功率短脉冲激光器

研制了大能量高光束质量短脉冲激光器,系统采用主振荡+预放大器+主放大器2级主振荡功率放大器(MOPA)结构。采用双棒热效应补偿改善光束质量的措施,在重复频率400 Hz时实现单脉冲能量40 mJ、光束质量因子约为1.2的激光输出。激光器放大后实现单路脉冲能量712.5 mJ、脉宽12.4 ns的激光输出,采用球差补偿的方法提高了激光器的光束质量,在最大输出功率下实现了光束质量因子小于2.3,光光效率27.7%。偏振合束后,激光器输出能量大于1.4 J。     

多棱镜分光系统的多光束光轴平行度校准

闪电场景模拟系统中需要不同强度分布的光轴平行的多路光束,多棱镜分光系统能够实现平行光束增宽和强度分布调制。为获取彼此平行的多路光束,采用五棱镜扫描法完成等间隔分布的四棱镜分光系统的多光束光轴平行度检测,通过ＣＣＤ采集返回的与特定光轴位置信息有关的光点光强分布,并编制相关的软件计算质心偏差,为分光棱镜的定位装校提供直观准确的反馈信息,装校装置具有简单方便的特点。装校后的四棱镜分光系统在x、y、z 3个方向上的光轴匹配精度分别小于３、４和４．５,4束平行光的光强之比约为８∶４∶２∶１。进一步提高ＣＣＤ分辨率和增大成像物镜Ｌ的焦距后,光轴的匹配精度可以达到秒量级。     

The analysis of the transient temperature distribution of double-slab Nd:YAG laser medium

A novel double-slab Nd:YAG laser, which uses face-pumped slab medium cooled by liquid with different temperatures on both sides, is proposed. The thermal distortion of wavefront caused by the non-uniform temperature distribution in the laser gain media can be self-compensated. According to the method of operation, the models of the temperature distribution and stress are presented, and the analytic solutions for the model are derived. Furthermore, the numerical simulations with pulse pumping energy of 10 J and repetition frequencies of 500 and 1000 Hz are calculated respectively for Nd:YAG laser medium. The simulation results show that the temperature gradient remains the approximative linearity, and the heat stress is within the extreme range. Then the absorption coefficient is also discussed. The result indicates that the doping concentration cannot be too large for the high repetition frequency laser. It has been proved that the high repetition frequency, high laser beam quality, and high average output power of the order of kilowatt of Nd: YAG slab laser can be achieved in this structure.     

角锥棱镜腔激光二极管抽运被动调Q激光器

为了提高传导冷却条件下激光二极管(LD)侧向抽运被动调Q激光器的光束质量和输出稳定性,采用了两组半圆柱面激光二极管阵列侧向交错抽运两根串接的激光棒,实现了均匀抽运和散热。通过实验分析了横模结构对被动调Q稳定性的影响,设计了角锥棱镜-高斯输出镜非稳腔,在显著提高器件光束质量的同时,明显改善了被动调Q的稳定性,并保证了谐振腔的机械稳定性。在此基础上研制了一台重复频率20 Hz、单脉冲能量64 mJ、脉冲宽度7 ns、稳定性优于±5%、光束发散角0.6 mrad、光-光效率9.1%,且光轴指向稳定的工程实用器件。     

高功率二极管泵浦腔内倍频激光器

 成功研制了一台高功率二极管泵浦声光Q开关腔内倍频Nd:YAG激光器。当泵浦功率约为350W时，采用透过率为30%的输出耦合镜，调Q激光输出功率32.5W，脉宽约200ns，重复频率7kHz；采用Ⅱ类匹配KTP晶体腔内倍频，获得了32.5W的绿光输出，脉宽约120ns。输出光束平滑，远场为类高斯分布，测得的光束质量因子为3.6。     

Thermal mode-switching of a passively Q-switched microchip Nd:YAG laser

In the present article, the thermal distribution inside the gain medium of a passively Q-switched microchip laser is modeled and simulated for actual practical values associated with an available microchip laser constructed in our laboratory. The effects of the non-uniform heat distribution on the spectral properties of the output laser beam have been investigated and simulated with the variation of diode-pump power and pulse repetition rate. It is observed that the gain bandwidth as well as Optical Path Difference (OPD) values of the propagating pulses are significantly decreased, while the Nd:YAG chip is cooled down to a certain value. The validity of the utilized model is checked by setting and characterizing the spectral properties of a fabricated laboratory microchip laser under different heating conditions. It is verified that when the temperature of the gain material is changed by an electronically controlled Peltier device, the spectrum of the output laser beam can be switched between single- and dual-mode situations. This physical character has shown good agreement between the presented model and obtained experimental results.     

A new proposal of high repetitive Nd:YAG laser power supply adopted the sequential charge and discharge circuit

The pulsed Nd:YAG laser is the most commonly used type of solid-state laser in many fields. In material processing, the power density control of a laser beam has been considered to be significant, which depends on the flashlamp current pulse width and pulse repetition rate.In this study, we have proposed a new method of sequential charge and discharge circuit (SCADC) to control the laser power density. The power supply of SCADC is composed of low frequency capacitors instead of very expensive high frequency capacitors. We could find the stability of laser output as well as the flashlamp current up to the pulse repetition rate of 150 pps. As increasing a repetition rate from 30 to 150 pps by the step of 30 pps, it is known that the laser outputs increased by 10 W.     

LD端面泵浦Cr4:YAG被动调Q激光器输出特性研究

对激光二极管端面泵浦Cr⁴⁺:YAG被动调QNd:YAG激光器输出特性进行了实验研究.实验研究发现,激光器输出功率及脉冲重复频率随谐振腔长度增大而增大.为解释这一实验现象,测量了泵浦光斑在激光晶体内尺寸,同时计算了激光晶体及Cr⁴⁺:YAG晶体内的基模激光光斑半径随谐振腔长度变化.分析结果表明:激光晶体内泵浦光斑尺寸远小于激光晶体内基模光斑半径,腔模间交叠效率较低;当腔长增加时,激光晶体内的基模激光光斑减小,腔模间交叠效率增加,从而导致输出功率及脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加;另外,Cr⁴⁺:YAG晶体内光斑半径也随谐振腔长度减小,引起Cr⁴⁺:YAG晶体漂白时间缩短,导致脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加.     

A thermally-insensitive passively Q-switched Cr:YAG/Nd:YAG laser

A passively Q-switched laser with Cr⁴⁺:YAG/Nd:YAG composite crystal using a corner cube prism cavity has been realized, in which the corner cube prism is the key element as it aids the compensation of the thermal lens effect of laser crystal. Compared with plane–plane mirror cavities under the same conditions, the stability of the laser performance using the corner cube prism cavity was improved remarkably over temperatures ranging from −40 to 65 °C. The decrease of Nd:YAG stimulated emission cross section with temperature was considered to be the main reason for the increase of average output pulse energy under the same cycle for the two different cavities when the ambient temperature changed −40 to 65 °C. The mode properties produced by the prism cavity were analyzed, and the theoretical results were verified by experimental observations.     

Stable single-mode operation of injection-seeded Q-switched Nd:YAG laser by sine voltage modulation

Based on the modified ramp and fire technique, a novel injection seeding approach with real-time resonance tracking is successfully demonstrated in a single-frequency Nd:YAG pulsed laser. Appling a high-frequency sinusoidal modulation voltage to one piezo actuator and an adjustable DC voltage to another piezo actuator for active feedback, single-mode laser output with high-frequency stability is obtained, and the effect of the piezo hysteresis on the frequency stability can be eliminated for a laser diode pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at a repetition rate of 400 Hz.     

LD端面泵浦Cr~4∶YAG被动调Q激光器输出特性研究

对激光二极管端面泵浦Cr4+∶YAG被动调Q Nd∶YAG激光器输出特性进行了实验研究.实验研究发现,激光器输出功率及脉冲重复频率随谐振腔长度增大而增大.为解释这一实验现象,测量了泵浦光斑在激光晶体内尺寸,同时计算了激光晶体及Cr4+∶YAG晶体内的基模激光光斑半径随谐振腔长度变化.分析结果表明:激光晶体内泵浦光斑尺寸远小于激光晶体内基模光斑半径,腔模间交叠效率较低;当腔长增加时,激光晶体内的基模激光光斑减小,腔模间交叠效率增加,从而导致输出功率及脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加;另外,Cr4+∶YAG晶体内光斑半径也随谐振腔长度减小,引起Cr4+∶YAG晶体漂白时间缩短,导致脉冲重复频率随腔长增加而增加.     

High-power high-stability Q-switched green laser with intracavity frequency doubling of diode-pumped composite ceramic Nd:YAG laser

We successfully obtain high-average-power high-stability Q-switched green laser based on diode-side-pumped composite ceramic Nd:YAG in a straight plano-concave cavity. The temperature distribution in composite ceramic Nd:YAG crystal is numerically analyzed and compared with that of conventional Nd:YAG crystal. By use of a composite ceramic Nd:YAG rod and a type-II high gray track resistance KTP (HGTR-KTP) crystal, a green laser with an average output power of 165 W is obtained at a repetition rate of 25 kHz, with a diode-to-green optical conversion of 14.68%, and a pulse width of 162 ns. To the best of our knowledge, both the output power and optical-to-optical efficiency are the highest values for green laser systems with intracavity frequency doubling of this novel composite ceramic Nd:YAG laser to date. The power fluctuation at around 160 W is lower than 0.3% in 2.5 hours.