流动注射-化学发光法测定氢化可的松

在一片聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA,50mm×40mm×3mm)上用激光雕刻机雕刻一条宽200μm,深100μm,长9 cm的蜿蜒形流通池,其上盖以另一片大小相同的PMMA并在1.6MPa压力和108℃温度条件下使之结合成一体,从而制成了微流动注射芯片。基于氢化可的松对鲁米诺-铁氰化钾化学发光体系的增敏作用,提出了微流动注射芯片-化学发光法测定氢化可的松含量的方法。当化学发光体系中鲁米诺的浓度为8.0×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)、铁氰化钾浓度为4.0×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)、体系的pH值为12时,氢化可的松发光强度的增加值与其质量浓度在8.0×10~(-5)～8.0×10~(-2)g·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为4.0×10~(-5)g·L~(-1)。方法应用于食品中氢化可的松残留量的测定,回收率在96.5%～104.0之间。     

α-Fe_2O_3纳米立方体和纳米棒组装空心微球的可控合成及其磁学性能

在0.15mol/LCl-和0.05mol/LSO42-的存在下,通过Fe3 溶液140℃水热反应12h分别得到α-Fe2O3纳米立方体和α-FeOOH纳米棒自组装的微球,将得到的α-FeOOH纳米棒自组装微球经600℃热处理2h后转化为α-Fe2O3纳米棒组装空心微球.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和红外光谱对所得产物进行表征和分析.结果表明,所制备的单分散的α-Fe2O3纳米立方体为六方单晶结构,其边长为500nm.直径为2~4.5μm的空心微球是由直径约150nm的α-Fe2O3纳米棒组装而成.研究了Cl-和SO42-在纳米立方体和空心微球形成过程中的作用,提出了可能的生长机理.在室温下测试了α-Fe2O3纳米立方体和α-Fe2O3纳米棒自组装微球的磁学特性,其矫顽力和剩余磁化强度分别为2858.3Oe(1Oe=79.58A/m)和0.195emu·g-1(1emu·g-1=15.7914×10-9A·m2·kg-1),218.87Oe和0.071emu·g-1.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物塑料儿童用品中甲酰胺含量

应用顶空-气相色谱法测定了儿童用品乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物塑料中甲酰胺的含量。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为160℃和40min,用DB-Wax色谱柱(0.53mm×30m,1μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为内标物。甲酰胺的线性范围为1~646μg。方法用于此类共聚物塑料地垫样品的分析,加标回收率在80.9%~82.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.1%~4.5%之间。     

用于直接甲醇燃料电池的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮/聚乙烯醇交联膜的制备与性能研究

以高磺化度的侧链型磺化聚芳醚酮(S-SPAEK)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,通过溶液共混的方法在120℃下制备了PVA含量不同的S-SPAEK/PVA交联膜.红外光谱图表明S-SPAEK聚合物中的磺酸基团与PVA中的羟基反应生成酯键而形成共价交联.通过对交联膜的性能测试发现PVA的引入明显降低了膜的甲醇渗透系数,改善了膜的溶胀性,提高了膜的保水能力.S-SPAEK/PVA(85/15)交联膜水的脱附系数从S-SPAEK的3.1×10-8 cm2/s降低到2.9×10-9 cm2/s.在25℃和60℃时S-SPAEK/PVA(85/15)交联膜的甲醇渗透系数分别为2.6×10-7cm2/s和3.9×10-7cm2/s,明显低于相同温度下的纯S-SPAEK膜的8.1×10-7cm2/s与14.5×10-7cm2/s,而其质子传导率虽然有所下降,但是在25℃和80℃时分别达到了0.055 S/cm和0.083 S/cm,能够满足直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFCs)对质子交换膜的要求,有望在DMFCs中得到应用.     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/三聚磷酸钠三元复合微球的制备及其表征

由壳聚糖(CS)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和三聚磷酸钠(TPP)制备了壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇/三聚磷酸钠三元复合微球,探讨了体系中壳聚糖含量对复合微球的影响,以及离子种类及浓度和pH值对复合微球溶胀度的影响。采用XRD、FTIR和SEM等测试技术对微球的组分、结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,CS和PVA具有良好的相容性,随着CS含量的增加,PVA的结晶性逐渐降低,复合微球的粒径约为400～950μm,表面较为粗糙;随着CS添加量的增加,凝胶平衡溶胀度先增大再减小,CS/PVA/TPP复合微球在pH值为3～8的溶胀度最大,且在同一种溶液中,随着离子浓度的增加,其溶胀度明显降低;复合微球具有溶胀-收缩可逆性,显示CS/PVA/TPP复合微球是pH/离子敏感型凝胶,可为药物缓释系统提供实验和理论依据。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定伊班膦酸钠注射液中丙酮和乙醇残留量

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定伊班膦酸钠注射液中丙酮和乙醇的残留量。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为70℃和40min,用CP-WAX毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。丙酮的质量浓度在0.05~120mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.015mg·L-1。乙醇的质量浓度在0.25~120mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.25mg·L-1。丙酮和乙醇的加标回收率分别在97.0%~112%和94.9%~112%之间。丙酮和乙醇的峰面积相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为2.2%和2.5%。     

溶剂热一锅法合成Ag-TiO2微球及其对过氧化氢的电化学检测

采用溶剂热法,通过调控钛酸四丁酯在醇水浴中的醇解作用和维生素C的烯醇还原性制备了细分散的纳米银修饰TiO_2微球。一锅法的制备过程绿色、程序简单,可获得分布均匀的微球,直径约250 nm,微球表面细分散的银晶格具有(111)晶面特征。构建的Ag-TiO_2微球电极对H_2O_2具有良好的电催化活性,展现出良好的电化学检测性能,当H_2O_2的线性范围为0.1～102μmol·L~(-1)时,传感电极的灵敏度为3.13×10~(-3)μA·L·μmol~(-1)·cm~(-2),最低检测限可达0.04μmol·L~(-1)。所得传感器具有良好的长期稳定性、重现性和重复性,一个月后,性能保持率仍可维持在82.1%。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定纸类产品中游离甲醛

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定纸类产品中游离甲醛的含量。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为100℃和30min,用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱(60m×0.32mm,0.50μm)分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。甲醛的质量分数在1~100μg·g-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.4μg·g-1。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在82.5%~94.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~4.2%之间。     

不同形貌ZnSe的制备及光电化学性能

采用水热法制备了ZnSe纳米棒和微球, 用XRD, TGA-DTA和SEM等技术对其进行了表征, 提出了解释ZnSe微球的形成新机理. 研究结果表明, 纳米棒直径为50~100 nm, 棒长约为200~300 nm, ZnSe微球直径为3~10 μm.; 纳米棒在反应温度为240 ℃时具有闪锌矿和纤维锌矿型混晶结构, 微球在反应温度为210 ℃时具有闪锌矿结构; 将ZnSe纳米棒和微球均匀地涂在导电玻璃的导电面上, 于380 ℃煅烧40 min后制成膜电极, 并进行了光电化学研究, 纳米棒膜结构电极最高单色光的光电转换效率(IPCE)可达到9.09%.     

乙醇中沉淀聚合合成聚(AAm-DVB)微球

以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用沉淀聚合法在低毒性溶剂乙醇中制备出了平均粒径在2.933μm~4.742μm之间的聚(丙烯酰胺-二乙烯基苯)微球。通过粒度分析、电镜扫描、热重分析,研究不同因素对反应产物的形态和耐温性的影响发现:只有当温度为70℃,交联单体二乙烯基苯的加量控制在25%~50%之间,单体浓度低于4%时,反应才可得到形状规则的微球;增加单体中二乙烯基苯的含量有利于增加微球的耐温性,微球耐温可高达320℃;延长反应时间有利于增大微球粒径,增加引发剂用量有利于降低微球粒径,但二者均能增加微球的产率。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.