水斗曲面三维非正交贴体网格数值生成

为实现冲击式水轮机水斗内非定常流动的数值解析,需要高密度匀布非正交贴体坐标网格来拟合水斗曲面.本文开发了一种用于水斗曲面三维非正交贴体坐标匀布网格的数值生成程序,其主要算法是基于曲线与曲面的微分几何性质提出的四点投影法.程序可根据需要计算出不同密度的匀布贴体网格点.通过对两不同水斗的算例结果显示数值生成的网格很好地拟合了水斗不规则曲面,同时计算出各网格点的切向矢量和单位法向矢量.     

三维自由曲面上特殊点的自然基本矢量

冲击式水轮机的水斗是具有三维自由曲面的几何体,在曲面贴体网格(BFG)上,为了正确分析冲击式水轮机的流动,有必要引用非正交曲线坐标系.本论文介绍了如何得到边界贴体网格点的自然基本矢量 g.在计算基本矢量的过程中,对三个特殊点进行了研究.对这些点的自然坐标矢量运用对角线进行了重新定义,计算后得到了理想的计算结果.     

短突扩压器流场计算

本文在三维贴体坐标系下对短环突扩扩压器进行流声计算．利用偏微分方程法和曲面论生成三维贴体网格，在按非交错网格系统求解各守恒方程时，采用抑制措施，避免压力振荡产生．考虑到扩压器是多通道区域，本文采用区域法进行数值分析，计算结果表明本计算方法合理可行．     

水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流计算

1引言本文利用两相流动的多流体模型和k－。－A。两相索流模型计算水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流。在索流两相流动的多流体即多连续介质模型中，离散相看成是Euler坐标中处理的拟流体。与小滑移和无泪移模型不同的是，多流体模型可以分别考虑大滑移和离散颗粒扩散，其间无直接联系，并且能够充分考虑离散相质量、动量及能量的湍流扩散山本文利用速度压力校正法之一：SIMPLEC法进行数值计算。该法最早使用在S．VPatankar和D．B．Snalding在1972年提出的SIMPLE算法中间，本文将其推广到具有交错网格的非正交贴体坐标系中计算三维…     

贴体坐标系中非理想爆轰波阵面传播计算的一个问题

 研究在贴体坐标系中采用Level Set方法计算多维非理想爆轰波阵面传播问题，根据Hamiltom-Jacobi方程的Godunov差分格式，提出了非正交的贴体坐标系中Level Set函数方程的差分格式及其相应的数值方法。最后给出了几个典型数值算例，并且与解析结果进行了比较。     

前缘曲率对三维边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的影响研究

三维边界层感受性问题是三维边界层层流向湍流转捩的初始阶段,是实现三维边界层转捩预测与控制的关键环节.在高湍流度的环境下,非定常横流模态的失稳是导致三维边界层流动转捩的主要原因;但是,前缘曲率对三维边界层感受性机制作用的研究也是十分重要的课题之一.因此,本文采用直接数值模拟方法研究在自由来流湍流作用下具有不同椭圆形前缘三维（后掠翼平板）边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的感受性机制;揭示不同椭圆形前缘曲率对三维边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的扰动波波包传播速度、传播方向、分布规律、感受性系数以及分别提取获得一组扰动波的幅值、色散关系和增长率等关键因素的影响;建立在不同椭圆形前缘曲率情况下,三维边界层内被激发出非定常横流模态的感受性问题与自由来流湍流的强度和运动方向变化之间的内在联系;详细分析了不同强度各向异性的自由来流湍流在激发三维边界层感受性机制的物理过程中起着何种作用等.通过上述研究将有益于拓展和完善流动稳定性理论,为三维边界层内层流向湍流转捩的预测与控制提供依据.     

三维自由射流缩流及扩散的数值研究

由于非定常多相流特性,大气下水自由射流的水力性能相当复杂.本文依据弯管二次流机理确定的最优湍流模型,以六喷嘴冲击式水轮机最术端的喷嘴射流作为研究对象,进行了三维非定常自由射流的数值模拟解析.定量分析了三维自由射流在不同空间方向沿程变化的两相流流态.能量构造及射流形状,为水斗提供了真实的入流条件,确认了最未端喷嘴射流水力效率较差的原因:由于最末端喷管的急剧弯道使得射流产生了大幅度的膨胀扩散.     

流体机械中高雷诺数流动的大涡模拟

本文应用大涡模拟方法建立了管道流在高雷诺数条件下的数值求解方法，推导了用求和下标所表示的三维控制方程在贴体坐标下的张量形式．应用有限差分法对控制方程进行离散求解，用编制的三维湍流场LES计算程序对方弯管内的流动进行了计算验证．     

自由曲面光学元件待加工区域标记方法

提出了一种使用三坐标测量机(CMM)对自由曲面光学元件表面待加工区域进行标记的方法。针对自由曲面光学元件外形特征设计工件坐标系,规划工件坐标系定位点,通过坐标变换将待加工区域的像素坐标转换为对应的自由曲面工件坐标系的标记点位置坐标,将待加工区域的感兴趣点三维坐标导入CMM,使用CMM对工件坐标系下标记点位置自动探测,实现待加工区域的标记,提高了检测效率也避免人为标记定位误差。     

任意非正交曲线坐标系在叶轮机械气动计算中的应用

本文应用向量分析的方法,推导出非正交曲线坐标系的梯度、散度和旋度的计算公式,从而得到了无粘性流体在叶轮机械中稳定相对运动的三维流动的气动热力学基本方程。然后,讨论了用任意非正交曲线坐标表示的势函数方程,以及两类相对流面(S_1和S_2流面)的流函数方程(吴仲华方程)。最后也给出了速度梯度法(或称流线曲率法)方程的三种形式。     

Lattice Boltzmann method on quadtree grids for simulating fluid flow through porous media: A new automatic algorithm

During the past two decades, the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has been introduced as a class of computational fluid dynamic methods for fluid flow simulations. In this method, instead of solving the Navier Stocks equation, the Boltzmann equation is solved to simulate the flow of a fluid. This method was originally developed based on uniform grids. However, in order to model complex geometries such as porous media, it can be very slow in comparison with other techniques such as finite differences and finite elements. To eliminate this limitation, a number of studies have aimed to formulate the lattice Boltzmann on the unstructured grids. This paper deals with simulating fluid flow through a synthetic porous medium using the LB method and on the quadtree grid structure. To this end, the LB method was used on nonuniform grids coupled with a technique for image reconstruction which resulted in the quadtree grids for simulation of fluid flow through porous media. Accuracy and efficiency of this algorithm is compared against the conventional LB method based on uniform grids. While the decrease in computational time in the proposed LB method on nonuniform grids is found to be significant regarding the size of the initial and reconstructed images, the same level of accuracy is obtained when compared with the conventional LB method on uniform grids.     

Prediction of radiative heat transfer in 2D irregular geometries using the collocation spectral method based on body-fitted coordinates

Recently, an efficient numerical method, which is called the collocation spectral method (CSM), for radiative heat transfer problems, has been proposed by the present authors. In this numerical method there exists the exponential convergence rate, which can obtain a very high accuracy even using a small number of grids. In this article, the CSM based on body-fitted coordinates (BFC) is extended to simulate radiative heat transfer problems in participating medium confined in 2D complex geometries. This numerical method makes simultaneously the use of the merits of both the CSM and BFC. In this numerical approach, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) in orthogonal Cartesian coordinates should be transformed into the equation in body-fitted nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates. In order to test the efficiency of the developed method, several 2D complex irregular enclosures with curved boundaries and containing an absorbing, emitting and scattering medium are examined. The results obtained by the CSM are assessed by comparing the predictions with those in references. These comparisons indicate that the CSM based on BFC can be recommended as a good option to solve radiative heat transfer problems in complex geometries.     

Heat transfer analysis for stretching flow over a curved surface with magnetic field

The analysis of a viscous fluid flow and heat transfer is carried out under the influence of a constant applied magnetic field over a curved stretching sheet. Heat transfer analysis is carried out for two heating processes, namely, prescribed surface temperature (PST) and prescribed heat flux (PHF). The equations governing the flow are modeled in a curvilinear coordinate system (r, s, z). The nonlinear partial differential equations are then transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The obtained system of equations is solved numerically by a shooting method using Runge-Kutta algorithm. The interest lies in determining the influence of dimensionless radius of curvature on the velocity, temperature, skin friction, and rate of heat transfer at the wall prescribed by the Nusselt number. The effects of Hartmann number are also presented for the fluid properties of interest.     

Similarity solutions for boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a FENE-P fluid with thermal radiation

This Letter presents a numerical study of the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible FENE-P fluid over a non-isothermal surface. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation. The effects of the thermal radiation are considered in the energy equation, and the variations of dimensionless surface temperature and dimensionless surface temperature gradient, as well as the heat transfer characteristics with various physical parameters are graphed and tabulated. Two cases are studied, namely, (i) the sheet with prescribed surface temperature (PST case) and (ii) the sheet with prescribed heat flux (PHF case). Moreover, the mechanical characteristics of the corresponding flow are also presented.     

Effects of viscous dissipation and radiation on the thermal boundary layer over a nonlinearly stretching sheet

This Letter endeavours to complete an earlier numerical analysis for flow and heat transfer in a viscous fluid over a sheet nonlinearly stretched by extending the investigation in two directions. On one side, the effects of thermal radiation are included in the energy equation, and, on the other hand, the prescribed wall heat flux case (PHF case) is also analyzed. The governing partial differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation. The variations of dimensionless surface temperature as well as flow and heat-transfer characteristics with the governing dimensionless parameters of the problem, which include a nonlinearly stretching sheet, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and power-law index of the wall temperature parameters, are graphed and tabulated.     

Surface tension driven flow on a thin reaction front

Surface tension driven convection affects the propagation of chemical reaction fronts in liquids. The changes in surface tension across the front generate this type of convection. The resulting fluid motion increases the speed and changes the shape of fronts as observed in the iodate-arsenous acid reaction. We calculate these effects using a thin front approximation, where the reaction front is modeled by an abrupt discontinuity between reacted and unreacted substances. We analyze the propagation of reaction fronts of small curvature. In this case the front propagation equation becomes the deterministic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation with the addition of fluid flow. These results are compared to calculations based on a set of reaction-diffusion-convection equations.     

Effects of partial slip on axisymmetric flow of an electrically conducting viscoelastic fluid past a stretching sheet

The entrained flow of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian, viscoelastic second grade fluid due to an axisymmetric stretching surface with partial slip is considered. The partial slip is controlled by a dimensionless slip factor, which varies between zero (total adhesion) and infinity (full slip). Suitable similarity transformations are used to reduce the resulting highly nonlinear partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation. The issue of paucity of boundary conditions is addressed, and an effective numerical scheme has been adopted to solve the obtained differential equation even without augmenting the boundary conditions. The important findings in this communication are the combined effects of the partial slip, magnetic interaction parameter and the second grade fluid parameter on the velocity and skin friction coefficient. It is observed that in presence of slip, the velocity decreases with an increase in the magnetic parameter. That is, the Lorentz force which opposes the flow leads to enhanced deceleration of the flow. Moreover, it is interesting to find that as slip increases in magnitude, permitting more fluid to slip past the sheet, the skin friction coefficient decreases in magnitude and approaches zero for higher values of the slip parameter, i.e., the fluid behaves as though it were inviscid.     

A balanced force refined level set grid method for two-phase flows on unstructured flow solver grids

A balanced force refined level set grid method for two-phase flows on structured and unstructured flow solver grids is presented. To accurately track the phase interface location, an auxiliary, high-resolution equidistant Cartesian grid is introduced. In conjunction with a dual-layer narrow band approach, this refined level set grid method allows for parallel, efficient grid convergence and error estimation studies of the interface tracking method. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved on an unstructured flow solver grid with a novel balanced force algorithm for level set methods based on the recently proposed method by Francois et al. [M.M. Francois, S.J. Cummins, E.D. Dendy, D.B. Kothe, J.M. Sicilian, M.W. Williams, A balanced-force algorithm for continuous and sharp interfacial surface tension models within a volume tracking framework, J. Comput. Phys. 213 (2006) 141–173] for volume of fluid methods on structured grids. To minimize spurious currents, a second order converging curvature evaluation technique for level set methods is presented. The results of several different test cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing good mass conservation properties and second order converging spurious current magnitudes.     

A novel coupled level set and volume of fluid method for sharp interface capturing on 3D tetrahedral grids

We present a new three-dimensional hybrid level set (LS) and volume of fluid (VOF) method for free surface flow simulations on tetrahedral grids. At each time step, we evolve both the level set function and the volume fraction. The level set function is evolved by solving the level set advection equation using a second-order characteristic based finite volume method. The volume fraction advection is performed using a bounded compressive normalized variable diagram (NVD) based scheme. The interface is reconstructed based on both the level set and the volume fraction information. The novelty of the method lies in that we use an analytic method for finding the intercepts on tetrahedral grids, which makes interface reconstruction efficient and conserves volume of fluid exactly. Furthermore, the advection of volume fraction makes use of the NVD concept and switches between different high resolution differencing schemes to yield a bounded scalar field, and to preserve both smoothness and sharp definition of the interface. The method is coupled to a well validated finite volume based Navier–Stokes incompressible flow solver. The code validation shows that our method can be employed to resolve complex interface changes efficiently and accurately. In addition, the centroid and intercept data available as a by-product of the proposed interface reconstruction scheme can be used directly in near-interface sub-grid models in large eddy simulation.     

Boundary Layer Flow over a Curved Surface Imbedded in Porous Medium

This research is made to visualize the boundary layer flow by a curved stretching sheet embedded in porous medium. The geometry is bended(curved), therefore the curvilinear coordinates are used to model the present problem.Fluid is electrically conducting with the presence of uniform magnetic field. The governing non-linear partial differential equation reduces to non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the dimensionless suitable transformations. The numerical solutions are obtained by using the method bvp4c from MATLAB. The effects of curvature parameter, nondimensional magnetic parameter, and porosity parameter on the velocity field and skin friction coefficient are examined.The skin friction profile enhances with enhancing the values of porosity and magnetic parameter. Comparison of the present results with the existing results in the literature for the flat surface is also given.