新型催化剂载体材料—镁铝复合氧化物的制备及其物理化学性质

以ＮａＯＨ，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３混合或以ＮＨ４ＯＨ，（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３混合液为沉淀制备了Ｍｇ／Ａｌ＝３－６．７的Ｍｇ－Ａｌ为滑石。将水滑石在５００－６００℃下焙烧制得了具有与Ｍｇｏ相同的晶体结构的Ｍｇ（Ａｌ）Ｌ复合氧化物，它们的比表面积大于或接近γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，而且具有良好的热稳定性。     

MgO—MgCl2—H2O溶液热化学研究

用精密量热仪对模拟合成的ＭｇＯ－２７．５６％ＭｇＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ浓盐溶液进行恒沸盐酸－△Ｈ滴定。发现活性ＭｇＯ在２７．５６％ＭｇＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ溶液中不同浓度时表现出不同的结果。结合该浓盐溶液的恒混盐酸－ＰＨ滴定结果对反应机制进行了初步探讨。     

MgO－MgCl_2－H_2O溶液热化学研究

用精密量热仪对模拟合成的ＭｇＯ－２７．５６％ＭｇＣｌ_２－Ｈ_２Ｏ浓盐溶液进行恒沸盐酸－△Ｈ滴定。发现活性ＭｇＯ在２７．５６％ＭｇＣｌ_２－Ｈ_２Ｏ溶液中不同浓度时表现出不同的结果，结合该浓盐溶液的恒沸盐酸－ｐＨ滴定结果对反应机制进行了初步探讨。     

铝镁混合金属氢氧化物溶胶阴离子交换性能研究

本文研究了电解质对铝镁混合金属氢氧化物（Ａｌ－ＭｇＭＭＨ）溶胶粒子中Ｃｌ－和ＯＨ－的阴离子交换性能。在所研究的电解质ＮａＮＯ３，ＨＣＯＯＮａ，ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＮａ，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３，Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和Ｎａ３ＰＯ４中，发现高价阴离子的交换能力大于低价阴离子的交换能力，无机阴离子的交换能力大于有机阴离子的交换能力。所研究Ａｌ－ＭｇＭＭＨ溶胶粒子的阴离子交换容量为２．８２ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ，比粘土粒子的阳离子交换容量大得多。     

MgB_4O_7－MgSO_4－MgCl_2－H_2O及次级体系298．15K时稀释热、热容和表观摩尔焓的研究

本文研究了含硼四元水盐体系ＭｇＢ４Ｏ７－ＭｇＯ４－ＭｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ及次级体系ＭｇＢ４Ｏ７－ＭｇＳＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ和ＭｇＢ４Ｏ７－ＭｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ在２９８．１５Ｋ时不同离子强度下的稀释热和热容，并将Ｄｅｂｙｅ－Ｈｕｃｋｅｌ极限公式应用到多元电解质稀溶液中，获得从高离子强度到低离子强度Ｉ为１９－０．０００１范围内的相对表观摩尔焓．     

四元体系CsCl—PrCl3—13%HCl—H2O（25℃）和CsCl—PrCl3—42%H…

测定了四元体系ＣｓＣｌ－ＰｒＣｌ３－１３％ＨＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ（２５℃）和ＣｓＣｌ－ＰｒＣｌ３－４２％ＨＡｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ（３０℃）的稳定平衡态的溶液数据，绘制了相应的溶度图，两个体系的皆中有４种固相，ＣｓＣｌ，ＰｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ２种原始盐和ＣｓＣｌ．ＰｒＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ，３ＣｓＣｌ．ＰｒＣｌ３．７Ｈ２Ｏ２种复盐，证实了文献中对Ｍｅｙｅｒ反应１机理的解释，并对新相进行了热分析，Ｘ射线粉末衍射及偏光显微镜测定     

盐卤硼酸盐化学ⅩⅩⅥ．MgO·2B_2O_3－18％MgCl_2－H_2O产过饱和溶液结晶动力学研究

ＭｇＯ·２Ｂ２Ｏ３－１８％ＭｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ过饱和溶液于２０℃恒温静置，其结晶过程分为两个阶段．第一阶段结晶析出三方硼镁石（ＭｇＯ·３Ｂ２Ｏ３·７．５Ｈ２Ｏ），第二阶段析出章氏硼镁石（ＭｇＯ·２Ｂ２Ｏ３·９Ｈ２Ｏ）．未得到多水硼镁石和库水硼镁石．探讨了两种析出团相的结晶机理并拟合出结晶动力学方程．结果表明，两种固相结晶机理均为多核表面反应控制生长．     

三元体系MgCl2—CO（NH2）2—H2O在25℃时的等温溶度与新相 …

测定了２５℃时三元体系ＭｇＣｌ２－ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２－Ｈ２Ｏ的等温溶度及饱和溶液的折光率和密度，且绘制成溶度图和性质，组成图，在三元体系内形成２个三元化合物新相，ＭｇＣｌ２．ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２．４Ｈ２Ｏ（记作Ａ）和ＭｇＣｌ２．４ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）．２Ｈ２Ｏ（记作Ｂ），Ｂ为新化合物，三元体系的溶度图由４支单饱和线（对应单饱和因相为ＭｇＣｌ２．６Ｈ２Ｏ，三元化合物Ａ和Ｂ，ＣＯ（ＮＨ２）２）组成，这４支单饱和线     

甲醇燃料车尾气净化催化剂的研究Ⅱ.甲醇深度氧化用银催化剂上吸附物种的原位红外研究

利用原位红外技术研究了ＣＨ３ＯＨ，ＣＯ，Ｏ２等在５％Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上的吸附情况及ＣＨ３ＯＨ和Ｏ２共吸附时表面物种的变化．结果表明，在表面纯净的Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上，甲醇的解离吸附仅发生在γＡｌ２Ｏ３上；表面预吸附氧后，可大大增强Ａｇ对ＣＨ３ＯＨ的解离吸附，当吸附的［ＣＨ３Ｏ］与［Ｏ］在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上相互作用时，出现吸附态甲醛、甲二氧基、甲酸根等中间物种．Ｏ２在Ａｇ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３上存在非解离吸附（Ｏ－２），在真空中较易脱附，但在氧气氛下可于１００℃时稳定存在．     

盐卤硼酸盐化学XXX-MgO·2B2O3-18%MgCl2-H2O过饱和溶液结晶动力学

对ＭｇＯ．２Ｂ２Ｏ３－１８％ＭｇＣｌ２－Ｈ２Ｏ过饱和和溶液在不同温度条件下的结晶动力学过程进行测定,给出结晶动力学方程析出固相采用Ｘ－射线粉末衍射、红外光谱和热分析进行物相鉴定,提出使用结晶法合成章氏硼镁石的新方法。     

Crystal structure and characterization of magnesium carbonate chloride heptahydrate

MgCO₃·MgCl₂·7H₂O is the only known neutral magnesium carbonate containing chloride ions at ambient conditions. According to the literature, only small and twinned crystals of this double salt could be synthesised in a concentrated solution of MgCl₂. For the crystal structure solution, single‐crystal diffraction was carried out at a synchrotron radiation source. The monoclinic crystal structure (space group Cc) exhibits double chains of MgO octahedra linked by corners, connected by carbonate units and water molecules. The chloride ions are positioned between these double chains parallel to the (100) plane. Dry MgCO₃·MgCl₂·7H₂O decomposes in the air to chlorartinite, Mg₂(OH)Cl(CO₃)·nH₂O (n = 2 or 3). This work includes an extensive characterization of the title compound by powder X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, SEM and vibrational spectroscopy.     

Dehydration of the Sorel Cement Phase 3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O studied by in situ Synchrotron X‐ray Powder Diffraction and Thermal Analyses

Dehydration is an important process which affects the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of materials. This article describes the thermal dehydration and decomposition of the Sorel cement phase 3Mg(OH)₂ · MgCl₂ · 8H₂O, studied by in situ synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction and thermal analyses. Attention is paid on the determination of the chemical composition and crystal structure of the lower hydrates, identified as the phases 3Mg(OH)₂ · MgCl₂ · 5.4H₂O and 3Mg(OH)₂ · MgCl₂ · 4.6H₂O. The crystal structure of 3Mg(OH)₂ · MgCl₂ · 4.6H₂O is solved and refined by the Rietveld method and a structural model for the 3Mg(OH)₂ · MgCl₂ · 5.4H₂O phase is given. These phases show statistical distribution of water molecules, hydroxide and chloride anions positioned as ligands on the magnesium octahedra. A structural scheme of the temperature induced transformations in the thermal range from 25 to 500 °C is presented.     

The Crystal Structures of two Anhydrous Magnesium Hydroxychloride Phases from in situ Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Data

The crystal structures of two members of the solid solution series Mg(OH)_xCl_y x+y = 2, Mg(OH)_1.7Cl_0.3 (P$\tilde {3}$ m1, a = 3.169(2) Å, c = 5.530(12), V = 48.1(1) ų at T = 365 °C) and MgOHCl (R$\tilde {3}$ m, a = 3.3877(4) Å, c = 17.534(4) Å, V = 174.27(6) ų at T = 625 °C) were determined from in situ synchrotron powder diffraction data at high temperature upon dehydration of 3Mg(OH)₂·MgCl₂·8H₂O (F3) and 5Mg(OH)₂·MgCl₂·8H₂O (F5) phases. The crystal structures of Mg(OH)_1.7Cl_0.3 (example of ss‐type‐OH) and MgOHCl (example of ss‐type‐Cl) can be related to the C19 (CdCl₂) and C6 (CdI₂) structure type, respectively, with the disordered chloride and hydroxide anions occupying the same crystallographic site in layers.     

Chemistry of borate in salt lake brine (XXXIV)

The crystallization processes of hydrated Mg-borates, boric, magnesium hydroxide and Mg-oxychloride from MgO-B₂O₃-18%MgCl₂-H₂O supersaturated solution at 20°C have been studied by kinetic method. The crystallization solid phases were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectra, thermal analysis and chemical analysis. The liquid-solid phase diagram of thermodynamic nonequilibrium state has been given. In this phase diagram, there exist eight crystallization fields, boric acid(H₃BO₃), trigomagneborite(MgO · 3B₂O₃ · 7.5H₂O, MgO · 3B₂O₃ · 7H₂O), hungchaoite(MgO · 2B₂O₃ · 9H₂O), inderite(2MgO · 3B₂O₃ · 15H₂O), chloropinnoite(2MgO · 2B₂O₃ · MgCl₂ · 14H₂O), magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)₂) and magnesium oxychloride (5Mg(OH)₂ · MgCl₂ · 8H₂O).     

Investigations on the process of dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite in boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K by kinetics and Raman spectroscopy

Kinetics of dissolution and transformation of chloropinnoite (2MgO·2B₂O₃· MgCl₂·14H₂O) in 4.5% (wt%) boric acid aqueous solution at 303 K had been studied, and the kinetic process and mechanism were investigated by the Raman spectroscopy. According to the kinetic curve, the process of dissolution and phase transformation can be divided into three stages: dissolution stage, phase transformation induction period, and crystallization stage. The experimental results showed that when chloropinnoite dissolved in boric acid aqueous solution, MgCl₂ was removed and midproduct (MgB₂O(OH)₆·H₂O) dissolved at the same time, which was different from that of in water. Kurnakovite was a final product. The experimental data of the crystallization process have been fitted with the following mathematical modification with the aid of simplex optimum method and Runge–Kutta digital solution of differential equation system: ?dc/dt = 6.31(c?0.3906)² + 0.975(c?0.3906). Based on our experimental results and the Raman spectroscopy, kinetics and mechanism of dissolution, phase transformation, and crystallization of borate in chloropinnoite–boric acid water system are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 136–143, 2006     

ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism of New Rubidium Magnesium Monophosphate.

RbMgPO₄ is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of Rb₂CO₃, 4MgCO₃·Mg(OH)₂·5H₂O, and (NH₄)₂HPO₄ (900 °C, 12 h).     

Mg(BO2)2在MgCl2水溶液中的相平衡与化学平衡

借助拉曼光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)检测手段,对Mg(BO_2)_2在MgCl_2水溶液中水解的固液相平衡与物种化学平衡规律进行了研究。结果表明,MgCl_2对Mg(BO_2)_2的溶解转化、多硼氧配阴离子的物种分布有很大影响:(1)随着MgCl_2浓度从0达到饱和,Mg(BO_2)_2的表观饱和浓度从0.79%增加到1.96%,pH值从9.96降到6.27;(2)Mg(BO_2)_2在纯水中水解形成固相Mg_2B_6O_(11)·15H_2O和Mg(OH)_2,在MgCl_2溶液中形成固相Mg_2B_6O_(11)·15H_2O和Mg_3Cl_2(OH)_4·4H_2O;(3)Mg(BO_2)_2在纯水中水解,硼的物种主要为B_4O_5(OH)_4~(2-)和B_3O_3(OH)_4~-,分别占液相总硼含量的49.81%和19.54%。在MgCl_2饱和溶液中,主要为B_3O_3(OH)_4~-和B_5O_6OH)_4~-,分别占液相总硼含量的44.57%和40.00%。     

Isothermal differential scanning calorimetry on an exothermic phenomenon during thermal decomposition of hydromagnesite 4 MgCO3 · Mg(OH)2 · 4 H2O

An exothermic phenomenon and a simultaneous rapid evolution of a small amount of carbon dioxide at ?500°C during thermal decomposition of hydromagnesite 4 MgCO₃ · Mg(OH)₂ · 4 H₂O was studied by isothermal DSCTG in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. It was quantitatively confirmed that the exothermic phenomenon was due to crystallization of MgCO₃ from the amorphous phase and that the evolution of carbon dioxide was due to decomposition of the MgCO₃ by the heat of crystallization (?3.4 kcal mole^?1.     

A new hydrate of magnesium carbonate,MgCO3·6H2O

During investigations of the formation of hydrated magnesium carbonates, a sample of the previously unknown magnesium carbonate hexahydrate (MgCO₃·6H₂O) was synthesized in an aqueous solution at 273.15 K. The crystal structure consists of edge‐linked isolated pairs of Mg(CO₃)(H₂O)₄ octahedra and noncoordinating water molecules, and exhibits similarities to NiCO₃·5.5H₂O (hellyerite). The recorded X‐ray diffraction pattern and the Raman spectra confirmed the formation of a new phase and its transformation to magnesium carbonate trihydrate (MgCO₃·3H₂O) at room temperature.     

Synthesis of magnesium oxychloride nanorods with controllable morphology and their transformation to magnesium hydroxide nanorods via treatment with sodium hydroxide

In this paper, the formation of magnesium oxychloride (Mg_x(OH)_yCl_z·nH₂O) nanorods from the system MgO-MgCl₂-H₂O is investigated thoroughly. By systematically changing the adding amounts of the three starting materials, short nanorods (<1 μ) or long nanorods (up to 20 μ) were obtained readily with the aspect ratio in the range of 10–70. The mechanism of the crystal growth and the change of the crystal phase from 5Mg(OH)₂·MgCl₂·8H₂O (phase 5) to 3Mg(OH)₂·MgCl₂·8H₂O (phase 3) is also discussed. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting magnesium oxychloride nanorods were further transformed to magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) nanorods with the shape remained by treating with NaOH at room temperature. The results shown in this paper indicate a facile pathway to produce magnesium oxychloride or magnesium hydroxide nanorods with controllable morphology on large scale.