Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8掺杂MgB2的磁通钉扎特性

为了研究超导材料中高温超导相颗粒的钉扎行为，在Ar气保护条件下，采用固相反应法制备了质量百分比为0，3，5和10％BizSr2CaCu2O8含量的MgB2块状样品．用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对样品进行了显微结构分析；用物理性能综合测试系统振动样品磁强计（最大磁场9T）测量了所有样品在不同磁场下的直流M（T）曲线，并测量了不同温度下的准静态磁化曲线，通过Bean临界态模型分析出Jc（H）曲线．随着掺杂量的增大掺杂后Tc基本不变，转变宽度略为增大；相比于未掺杂样品，掺杂量为3wt％样品抗磁信号和临界电流密度有较大提高．显微结构分析结果表明，部分Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8分解为Cu2O和其它杂相，有部分Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8颗粒保留在样品内部，成为有效的钉扎中心．最后本文对超导体中的高温超导相颗粒的钉扎行为进行了分析．     

Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ)单晶的钉扎力标度和磁通钉扎机制

测量了 Bi2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶不同温度下的磁化曲线。根据 Bean临界态模型得到了不同温度下的钉扎力密度 FP 对磁场的依赖关系 ,发现在不同温度下的钉扎力密度可以标度在同一条曲线上。标度函数和最大钉扎力所对应的磁场与不可逆场 Hirr的比值都表明 Si2 Sr2 Ca Cu2 O8+δ单晶在磁通玻璃态的钉扎机制主要是正常相面钉扎。     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2-xSnxO8+δ系列超导体的XRD和XPS研究

实验研究了Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 -xSnxO8 δ的X射线衍射 (XRD)和光电子能谱 (XPS) .实验发现随着掺杂 (Sn)量的增加 ,晶格参数a和c都有所变化 ,O1s和Cu2 p芯能级谱也发生了变化 .实验结果表明 :在低掺杂量时 ,Sn主要呈二价态 ;而在高掺杂浓度时呈四价态 ;掺Sn对超导电性的影响与其他元素的掺杂不同 .这些实验结果支持化学环境在高温超导样品的电子结构中起着重要作用的结论 .     

高温超导体磁化强度弛豫与CuO2层间耦合之间的关系研究

本文研究了HgSr2Ca2.0Y0.3Cu1.8Re0.2Oz和Hg(Ba0.5Sr0.5）2CaCu1.8Re0.2Oz(Hg1212）超导体的磁化弛豫，发现磁化弛豫偏离了对数时间依赖关系。采用指数弛豫表达式M=M0 M1t^-α，可以很好地拟合Hg基超导体的磁化弛豫。通过比较Hg1212、YBa2Cu3O7-δ和Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8的磁化弛豫行为，研究了磁化弛豫率和钉扎势随CuO2层间距离的变化关系，发现磁化弛豫率随层间距离增大而增大，而钉扎势则随之增大而减小。     

(Bi,Pb)_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_y单晶的磁通钉扎研究

我们通过对重Pb掺杂的Bi-2212((Bi,Pb)-2212)单晶磁化性质的测量来研究磁通钉扎性能,发现样品中存在与温度有明显依赖关系的鱼尾效应,且此鱼尾效应不仅体现在磁滞洄线上,还体现在不同磁场下零场冷的M～T曲线的交叠上.同时我们采用非线性磁通蠕动模型,并考虑表面位垒和体钉扎的影响,运用数值模拟分析了样品的磁化性质,结果表明(Bi,Pb)-2212单晶的鱼尾效应源于重Pb掺杂导致样品各向异性的降低所引起的强的体钉扎效应,而高温的磁化性质主要取决于表面位垒的作用.     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8超导单晶中的电阻反常行为

测量了Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 O8单晶的ab面和c轴方向电阻 ,在其超导转变温度附近发现了反常的电阻峰出现 .其随外磁场 (>10 0Gs)和电流的增加而逐渐消失 .文章认为这个反常的电阻峰是由于单晶中超导相的不均匀分布而导致的准再进入行为 .     

Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8单晶的穿透深度研究

从Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8(Bi-2212)单晶临界温度下的可逆磁化强度数据中,考虑高温超导混合态涡旋线涨落对磁化强度的影响,得到穿透深度λab(T,H)的温度和磁场依赖关系.发现在温度远低于Tc时λab与温度存在T2关系.λab随磁场的增加而增加,且绝对零度下的穿透深度λab(0,H)随磁场H的变化符合经验式λab(0,H)=λ0[1+(H/H0)β] ,这里λ0、H0和β为常数.     

反常输运性质Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8单晶的生长

使用自助熔剂融化法成功的制备了Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8超导单晶。在对所得单晶进行输运性质的研究时,我们发现一种反常扔物理特征：在超导涨落区观察到反常的电阻峰,从Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8单晶的颗粒超导电性方面我们给出了合理的解释。     

Zn掺杂对Bi2212单晶临界电流密度的影响

通过对少量Zn掺杂Bi2212单晶样品不同温度下的磁滞回线的测量,根据Bean临界态模型得到了样品在不同温度和磁场下的临界电流密度.发现不同温度下的临界电流密度与磁场的关系可以用Jc(H,T)=Jc(0,T)exp(-Hα)进行拟合,并且拟合参量α随温度的上升而增大,而在Pb掺杂和纯Bi2212单晶中α值基本上是不随温度变化的.将得到的Jc与Pb掺杂和纯Bi2212单晶的结果进行比较,发现在相同的温度和磁场下Zn掺杂样品具有最高的临界电流密度,表明少量Zn掺杂使得样品的临界电流密度得到提高.Zn掺杂对Bi2212体系临界电流密度的提高主要来源于在材料中引入了有效的涡旋钉扎中心,而Pb掺杂体系中Jc的提高是体系的层间耦合增强导致的结果.     

基于低温光声光谱技术的高Tc超导材料Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

在光声光谱技术基础上,将不同仪器组装成一套系统,并成功测量出碳黑的光声光谱。利用低温检测系统测定高温超导材料Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8在室温和液氮温度下的光声光谱,发现室温时在598nm和695nm有峰值,液氮温度时在466nm出现峰值。以吸收系数近似为1的碳黑为参照,利用归一化方法得到了Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8相对吸收系数谱图,并进行了初步的探讨,得到了该超导材料的一些信息,为利用低温光声光谱技术,研究超导材料的超导特性提供了一种可行的途径。     

Magnetic ordering in HoRu2Si2, HoRh2Si2, TbRh2Si2 and TbIr2Si2 by neutron diffraction

Neutron diffraction study of polycrystalline HoRu₂Si₂, HoRh₂Si₂, TbRh₂Si₂, and TbIr₂Si₂ was performed in the temperature range between 4.2 and 300 K. For HoRu₂Si₂ the magnetic spin alignment of a linear transverse wave mode below the Néel temperature 19 K is observed. This static moment wave is propagating along the b-axis with k=(0, 0.2, 0) and is polarized in the c-axis. The root-mean-square and maximum saturation moments per Ho atom are 9.26 and 13.09μ_B, respectively. HoRh₂Si₂, TbRh₂Si₂ an TbIr₂Si₂ are simple collinear antiferromagnets of +-+- type with Néel temperatures of (27±1), (98±2) and (72±3) K, respectively. For TbRh₂Si₂ and TbIr₂Si₂ magnetic moments are localized on RE ions only and are aligned along the tetragonal axis, while for HoRh₂Si₂ they form an angle ø = (28±3)°.     

μ+SR study of LaNi2As2, URh2Si2 and CeRh2Si2

Muon spin relaxation experiments have been carried out in the paramagnetic and magnetically ordered states of URh₂Si₂ and CeRh₂Si₂. As the magnetic structure of these compounds is well known, these measurements can help to characterise their magnetic properties probed by μSR and to understand the μSR results of the heavy fermion compounds of the same crystallographic family. Our measurements show that the muons occupy two different crystallographic sites. The spectra of URh₂Si₂ and CeRh₂Si₂ in the magnetically ordered states are very different, probably reflecting their different magnetic structures. The spectra obtained on CeRh₂Si₂ are similar to the published spectra of the heavy fermion compound CeCu_2.1 Si₂. Muon spin rotation measurements on LaNi₂As₂ indicate that the muon is diffusing at 150 K.     

13C-selective IRMPD of CBr2F2/Cl2 and CCl2F2/Br2 systems

The CO₂ TEA laser irradiation of CBr₂F₂ in the presence of Cl₂ yielded ¹³C-enriched CBrClF₂ and ¹³C-enriched CCl₂F₂ under selected experimental conditions. As the photolysis proceeded, the ¹³C concentration of CBrClF₂ decreased gradually and that of CCl₂F₂ increased up to 90% or higher. These results can be explained by the mechanism involving the secondary ¹³C-selective IRMPD of the primary product CBrClF₂. On the other hand, the carbon-containing product for a CCl₂F₂/Br₂ system was only CBrClF₂; the further IRMPD of which probably regenerated CBrClF₂ in the presence of Br₂. The decomposition probabilities of ¹²C- and ¹³C-containing molecules in both systems were measured as functions of laser line, laser fluence, and reactant pressures.     

Polar optic phonons in Hg2Cl2 and Hg2Br2

Far infrared (30–430 cm^?1) reflectivity measurements of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals have been performed in polarized light. The spectra, which are in agreement with group-theoretical predictions, were analyzed by the oscillator fitting procedure and Kramers-Kronig method. The results are compared with the existing data from other measurements and the large anisotropy of polar modes is briefly discussed. The polarization vectors of all long-wavelength symmetry modes were determined group-theoretically.     

Magnetostriction of SmMn2Ge2 and GdMn2Ge2 intermetallic compounds

Longitudinal and transverse magnetostrictions of polycrystalline samples of intermetallic compounds RMn₂Ge₂ (R=Sm or Gd) are measured in pulsed magnetic fields up to 250 kOe. It is found that linear magnetostrictive strains of about 10^?3 arise in a temperature range in which the magnetic field causes a change in the magnetic state of a manganese magnetic subsystem. The results obtained are described within the model of a two-sublattice ferrimagnet with a negative exchange interaction in the manganese subsystem in terms of a strong dependence of this interaction on interatomic distances.     

Superconductivity in LaPd_2Bi_2 with CaBe_2Ge_2-type structure

正Since the discovery of superconductivity in LaFeAsO_(1-x)F_x,the high-T_c iron-based superconductors have been extensively studied from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints [1-8]. However, the mechanism of the unconventional superconductivity is still to be resolved. To     

Structural,magnetic and neutron diffraction studies on TbFe2-TbAl2, TbCo2-TbAl2 and HoCo2-HoAl2

Both pseudobinary systems exhibit large homogeneous regions of cubic and hexagonal Laves phases. Ordering tendencies on crystallographic sites between Al and the transition metals are observed in the hexagonal type.Electron transfer to the transition metals quenches their moments so that they become nonmagnetic at high Al concentrations. The peculiarities in the mechanism of magnetization which appear in rare earth dialuminides when Al is replaced by a transition metal have been studied in detail at cryogenic temperatures.The first replacement of Al results in a decrease in saturation moment. Neutron diffraction verifies the low ordered rare earth sublattice moments and reveals the ‘lost part’ as a disordered component. Considerable magnetic hardness develops in certain regions of concentration often connected with spontaneous increases in magnetization with field. All available evidence suggests the presence of unusual domain wall effects to be responsible for this effect. High remanences develop in both the hexagonal and in the cubic structures in the intermediate region. The development of disordered magnetic components is connected either with the disorder on crystallographic sites or changes in the free electron concentration.