叠加内标法色谱定量分析

 叠加内标法是指在色谱定量分析中将内标法与叠加法结合的一种新的定量方法。叙述了叠加内标法定量的理论依据 ,规定了其操作步骤 ,并详细说明了这种方法的适用条件和优缺点。     

中国梨木虱分泌物中糖的定性定量分析

采用离子交换柱色谱法、毛细管气相色谱法分离和测定中国梨木虱分泌中的。利用标样对照法结合质谱分析确定了中国梨木虱分泌物中以葡萄糖，果糖为主的９种单糖成份。用内标法定量，并与化学法比较，得满意的结果。     

毛细管气相色谱法分离分析二甲砜和二甲亚砜

采用毛细管气相色谱法对间接电氧化法合成的二甲砜及反应物二甲亚砜进行了分离分析。研究了分离二甲砜、二甲亚砜的最佳条件，内标法定量。两种化合物的线性范围在2－30μg，且有较好的精密度。     

大口径毛细管柱测定斑蝥中斑蝥素含量

斑蝥素具有抗癌等重要的临床应用。用气相色谱法测定斑蝥中斑蝥素的含量,已有文献报道,但均为填充柱分离、外标法定量。本文用自制的大口径非极性厚液膜交联毛细管柱(下简称大口径柱)分离,内标法定量,可使分离效能高,检出极限低,定量准确和重复性好。     

QuEChERS/气相色谱－串联质谱－内标前置法测定茶叶中37种农药残留

采用QuEChERS前处理技术,结合内标前置法建立了气相色谱－串联质谱同时检测茶叶中37种农药残留的方法,待测农药包括14种有机磷类、10种有机氯类、8种拟除虫菊酯类和5种有机杂环类。比较了提取溶剂、加水量、内标放置方式对37种农药提取效果的影响,考察了不同类型茶叶的基质效应,确定最优的实验条件为：茶叶样品加入内标后,加水浸泡,经乙腈超声提取,QuEChERS法净化,采用气相色谱－串联质谱仪多反应离子监测模式（MRM）进行检测,基质匹配标准曲线内标法定量。结果表明：内标前置法比内标后置法的回收率高,绿茶、红茶、白茶、黑茶基质均以基质增强效应为主。在优化实验条件下,37种农药在相应的质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r2）均大于0.99。方法检出限（LOD）为0.2～15.7 μg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为0.7～52.2 μg/kg。37种农药在LOQ、2LOQ和10LOQ 3个加标水平下的回收率为70.2%～120%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.1%～11%。该方法操作简单、准确高效、成本较低,适用于茶叶中农药多残留的日常检测。     

中国梨木虱分泌物中氨基酸的分离与分析

利用离子交换色谱法分离了中国梨木虱分泌物中的氨基酸;利用毛细管气相色谱法对梨木虱分泌物中氨基酸的三氯乙酰了酯衍生物进行了分析。用标准样对照定性,内标法定量。分泌物中共检出13种氨基酸。     

气相色谱法测定新型卷烟气溶胶中水、烟碱、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的含量北大核心CSCD

提出了同时测定新型卷烟气溶胶中水、烟碱、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的气相色谱双柱双检测器法。采用Φ44mm剑桥滤片捕集5支新型卷烟中气溶胶总粒相物,剑桥滤片用20mL含3种内标的异丙醇溶液(乙醇为水的内标,2-甲基喹啉为烟碱的内标,1,4-丁二醇为1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的内标)振荡萃取10min,萃取液过0.22μm滤膜后进行气相色谱分析。采用Porapak Q2填充柱和热导检测器检测水,采用DB-ALC色谱柱和氢火焰离子化检测器检测烟碱、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇,内标法定量。结果表明:水、烟碱、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积和内标峰面积的比值呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.08,0.01,0.02,0.05mg·支-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为92.3%～103%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%～9.8%。     

气相色谱法同时测定食品模拟物中己内酰胺和十二内酰胺

建立了同时测定食品模拟物中己内酰胺和十二内酰胺含量的气相色谱方法。水基模拟物直接进样,脂类模拟物橄榄油经乙醇水溶液萃取。试液经HP-INNOWAX石英毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定,选择辛内酰胺作为内标,内标法定量。所有模拟物基质中的己内酰胺和十二内酰胺的线性相关系数均大于0.996,不同添加浓度水平的平均回收率为90.3%~102.4%;相对标准偏差为2.8%~7.5%。     

色谱-串联质谱法测定天麻中53种禁用农药残留

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用（UPLC-MS/MS）及气相色谱-串联质谱联用（GC-MS/MS）法测定天麻中53种禁用农药残留。采用乙腈直接提取和基于QuEChERS原则的固相萃取法对样品进行处理。UPLC-MS/MS法采用电喷雾离子源，正离子模式下多反应监测，色谱峰面积外标法定量；GC-MS/MS法采用电子轰击离子源，色谱峰面积内标法定量。53种农药的质量浓度在一定范围内与响应值线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.990，检出限为0.001～0.005 mg/kg，定量限为0.002～0.01 mg/kg。样品平均回收率为71.4%～118.2%，测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.4%～6.3%(n=6)。该方法能快速、有效地检测天麻中的禁用农药残留量，可用于天麻质量评价。     

家具白乳胶中苯系物含量测定

建立了气相色谱内标法测定家具白乳胶中苯系物含量的方法。样品中苯系物经甲醇提取、离心,上清液用60 m EN-20色谱柱分离,气相色谱检测,内标法定量。优化条件下苯系物回收率在96.84%~103.86%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.79%~2.28%,定量下限2.4~2.9 mg/L。方法操作简单,准确度和精密度较高,是一种检测白乳胶产品中苯系物含量的有效方法。     

偏二甲肼纯度分析方法的改进

采用毛细管气相色谱内标法代替标准工作曲线法测定偏二甲肼纯度(UDMH),内标法的使用避免了微量进样不准确的缺陷.结果显示,该方法线性范围宽,偏二甲肼的标准曲线相关系数为0.9959,样品加标回收率98.39%,样品的测定标准偏差为0.0015,方法的准确度高、重现性好.     

三唑酮的气相色谱分析

研究了三唑酮的气相色谱分析条件 ,选择以 10 %SE 30为固定液 ,ChromosorbW (AW DMCS)载体填充的色谱柱 ,选择邻苯二甲酸二乙酯为内标 ,采用内标标准曲线法作为定量分析的方法 ,相对标准偏差 <0 .94 % ,线性相关系数为 0 .9990 4 ,加标回收率在 10 0 .1%～ 10 1.9%之间。方法简便 ,快捷 ,重复性好。     

Analytical Strategy for the Determination of Selenium in Biological Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry with a Dynamic Reaction Cell

Selenium was determined in serum, hair, and tobacco by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using ⁷⁷Se, ⁷⁸Se, and ⁸²Se. The set of standards method (SSM) and the standard addition method (SAM) were applied to calibration with and without the use of internal standards (⁷²Ge and ¹⁰³Rh). In addition, the usefulness of the dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with methane as the reaction gas was characterized. The results obtained in different conditions were evaluated in terms of precision and accuracy. It was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that an internal standard is a potential source of systematic errors as it can be influenced multiplicatively and additively by its own interferents (independently of selenium). Furthermore, it was shown that—against common opinion—an internal standard can fail in elimination of chemical interference effects influencing selenium and in increasing of precision of selenium determinations. The DRC was shown to be effective in the elimination of additive effects, although the results obtained by both SSM and SAM with DRC were systematically positively erroneous. Finally, selenium was determined accurately in each examined sample when SAM was applied to calibration, and signals were measured either for ⁸²Se without the use of the DRC, or for ⁷⁷Se or ⁷⁸Se with the use of the DRC. In addition, it has also been shown that samples should be diluted prior to analysis to the greatest acceptable extent.     

Stripping voltammetry using sequential standard addition calibration with the analytes themselves acting as internal standards

A novel two-step standard addition calibration procedure for stripping voltammetry, whereby the analytes under investigation act as internal standards for each other, is described. In this way, the benefits of an internal standard for improving precision are obtained, without the requirement to add internal standard solutions. Only the standard solutions used to perform quantification are required. The proposed methodology has been tested against the traditional standard addition method with no internal standardisation, for the measurement of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in synthetic and real ambient air sample digests. The new procedure is shown to improve substantially precision and accuracy compared to traditional standard addition without internal standardisation.     

On-Line Standard Addition Technique for the Determination of Elements in the Samples with High Dissolved Solids by ICP-OES: Application to Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Samples

A simple and rapid on-line standard addition method for analysis of samples with high dissolved solids by ICP-OES is reported. The method involves on-line addition of standard solutions to the sample using a T-piece, prior to the sample introduction system. The standard addition method is commonly used in the analysis of samples with complex matrices. However, the conventional standard addition method is a tedious and time-consuming process. Therefore, in this study, on-line standard addition technique was offered to significantly decrease the analysis time and increase the simplicity of the standard addition method. The performance of the proposed method was tested by determination of rare earth elements in geological samples. This method showed a high level of accuracy in comparison with external calibration and internal standard addition methods.     

汽油中苯的测定

采用高分辨毛细管气相色谱对汽油中的苯进行测定。在汽油样品组分中选定一组分为内标,测定样品后再用内加法添加苯,再次测定,并以两次测定的峰面积数据计算苯量。本文在汽油辛烷值的测定基础上,发展了一种新的汽油中苯量的测定方法：采用国产色谱仪,带内标的内加法即可对汽油中的苯量进行准确测定．在不同标号的汽油测定实验中,相对标准偏差不超过3％。与国标方法相比,该方法简便快速,对仪器设备要求低,提高了分析效率,降低了分析成本,便于推广。     

A fast high throughput method for the determination of acidity constants by capillary electrophoresis. 3. Basic internal standards

A set of 25 monoprotic bases is proposed as internal standards for pK(a) determination by capillary electrophoresis. The pK(a) of the bases is determined and compared with available literature data. The capillary electrophoresis internal standard method offers numerous advantages over other typical methods for pK(a) determination, especially of analysis time and buffer preparation. However, it requires disposing of appropriate standards with reference pK(a) value. The set of bases established in this work together with the set of acids previously established provide a reference set of compounds with well-determined acidity constants that facilitate the process of selecting appropriate internal standards for fast pK(a) determination by capillary electrophoresis in high throughput screening of pharmaceutical drugs. In addition, the performance of the method when acidic internal standards are used for the determination of acidity constants of basic internal standards has also been tested. Although higher errors may be expected in this case, good agreement is observed between determined and literature values. These results indicate that in most cases structural similarity between the analyte and the internal standard might not be an essential requirement in the internal standard method.     

内标法测定偏二甲肼中的杂质含量

偏二甲肼(Unsymmetrical D imethylhydrazine,UDMH)是液体火箭推进剂主体燃烧剂之一,它与硝基氧化剂等组成双组元液体推进剂作为火箭发动机的能量工质,被广泛应用于导弹、卫星及航天器的发射中。偏二甲肼中杂质含量水平对于保证火箭的顺利发射具有重要意义。在有关标准和技术规