甲醇团簇的多光子电离质谱及其从头算

用355 nm激光对脉冲分子束超声膨胀冷却的甲醇分子进行多光子电离, 飞行时间质谱仪观测到除甲醇碎片离子外的质子化甲醇团簇(CH3OH)nH+(n=1-16), 且离子的种类及相对强度与激光相对于脉冲分子束的延时无关, 取决于团簇离子内在结构的稳定性. 结合从头算密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-31G(d)基组水平上优化得到了(CH3OH)n和(CH3OH)nH+(n=1-4)的稳定构型. 振动频谱分析显示, 团簇中最强的红外振动模主要来自氢键H伸缩振动的贡献. 团簇电离后发生于团簇内的质子转移反应也可能与激光电离引起的与氢键有关的振动模激发密切相关.     

N_2H_4-CH_3OH氢键团簇体系的从头计算

用从头计算法研究了 (N2 H4-CH3OH)氢键团簇体系。分别在HF/6 31G 和HF/6 31G 水平上对它们的中性和离子团簇进行几何全优化 ,得到了 3种中性混合团簇稳定构型和离子混合团簇稳定构型 ,并对其能量和稳定性进行了比较。讨论了 3种不同构型离子团簇可能的解离通道。给出了质子化混合团簇的稳定构型 ,并对其可能的解离通道进行了讨论。文中最后计算出N2 H4,CH3OH ,(N2 H4-CH3OH)团簇的质子亲和能 (PA) ,分别为 :2 0 6.7kcal/mol,1 78.3kcal/mol,2 2 7.5kcal/mol,其中质子亲和能PAcalc[N2 H4]与实验值PAexp[N2 H4]=2 0 4 .8kcal/mol符合得很好。     

盐/甲醇体系荧光光谱的分析和指认

研究了CaCl2、LiCl和Ca(NO3)2在甲醇溶液中的荧光光谱,并对溶液中可能的团簇构型采用密度泛函理论和含时(TD)密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法进行结构优化和激发能计算.实验结果表明CaCl2和LiCl与甲醇形成了具有荧光性质的簇合物,且随着CaCl2和LiCl浓度的增加溶液的荧光强度整体呈增强趋势,而Ca(NO3)2与甲醇相互作用使甲醇发生荧光猝灭.理论计算得到盐/甲醇溶液中可能存在多种簇合物,但能使甲醇溶液荧光增强的团簇构型主要为[CaCl(CH3OH)n]+和LiCl(CH3OH)n,而NO3-与甲醇通过氢键作用形成簇合物的振荡强度几乎为零,解释了NO3-使甲醇发生荧光猝灭的现象.     

铂钌团簇活化甲醇C―H和O―H键的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论研究了Pt_nRu_m (n+m=3, n≠0)团簇活化甲醇C―H和O―H键的反应活性和机理. 分别给出以O―H和C―H键活化为初始步骤的势能曲线. 计算结果表明反应是以C―H键的活化为初始步骤; 三种团簇与甲醇反应的活性顺序为Pt₂Ru>Pt₃>PtRu₂. 前线轨道分析表明Pt_nRu_m团簇活化初始的C―H和O―H键的活化过程是质子转移(PT). 此外还讨论了溶剂化对反应的影响. 本研究可为C―H键和O―H键的活化提供更深入的理解, 为甲醇活化反应催化剂选择以及其使用条件的优化提供新思路.     

应用反射式飞行时间质谱仪研究氨团簇离子解离动力学

用直射式和反射式飞行时间质谱研究了氨分子团簇体系在 355 nm激光下的多光子电离,得到一系列的质子化团簇离子 (NH3)nH+,同时还观察到超价氨团簇离子 (NH3)n H2＋。在反射式飞行时间质谱研究中观测到质子化氨团簇离子在自由飞行过程中的解离现象,表明在该实验条件下生成的质子化氨团簇离子是一些亚稳态团簇离子。对子离子产率的分析,得到质子化团簇离子解离速率常数,从而可以估计亚稳态团簇离子的寿命。团簇尺寸从 n＝3增大到 20,其寿命从 21 ms减小到 120 μs,大约小了两个数量级。解离速率在 n＝5到 6有一个阶跃式上升,这是由于 5个氨组成的质子化团簇离子(NH3)4NH4+ 的结构相对比较稳定。     

1,4-二氧六环和氨分子氢键团簇的从头算

在不同基组水平上,对１,４－二氧六环和氨分子氢键团簇体系进行了从头算分子转道法研究,优化得到中性团簇,离子团簇和碎片离子（质子化团簇离子和非质子化团簇离子）平衡几何构型,研究结果表明：中性团簇最稳定构型为Ｒ－ＨＮ２－ＨＮＮ２（Ｒ：１,４－二氧六环）,离子团簇由于发生质子转移,其构型与中 团簇有较大的淡同,两类碎片离子Ｒ（ＮＨ３）＋和Ｒ（ＮＨ３）Ｈ＾＋与中性团簇Ｒ（ＮＨ３）的结构也有所不同     

C4H5N-(NH3)n氢键团簇的多光子电离与从头计算

在355和532nm激光波长下用TOF质谱仪研究了C4H5N-(NH3)n系列氢键团簇体系的多光子电离.实验发现,两波长下除了得到一系列团簇离子外,还观测到一系列质子化产物C4H5N-(NH3)n－H＋.这些质子化产物来自于光电离过程中团簇内部的质子转移反应;系列离子出现反常强度变化,即离子强度较离子明显减小;从头计算结果表明,上述现象是由于中性团簇稳定性的差异造成的.     

液态Ca7Mg3合金快速凝固过程中团簇结构的形成特性

采用分子动力学方法对液态Ca7Mg3合金凝固过程中团簇结构的形成特性进行了模拟研究. 采用双体分布函数、Honeycutt-Andersen(HA)键型指数法、原子团类型指数法(CTIM)以及遗传跟踪等方法对凝固过程中团簇结构的形成演变特性进行了分析. 结果表明: 在以冷速为1×1012 K·s-1 的快速凝固条件下, 系统形成以1551、1541、1431键型为主的非晶态结构; 二十面体基本原子团(12 0 12 0)在快速凝固过程中对非晶态结构的形成起决定性作用; 在合金凝固过程中, 团簇的稳定性不仅与构成团簇的基本原子团类型有关, 还与中心原子类型以及中心原子之间的连接方式有关. 由于(12 0 12 0)基本原子团能量较低并且在低温具有较好的遗传特性, 基本原子团之间很容易连接在一起组成更大的团簇. 所形成的团簇结构显著不同于那些由气相沉积、离子溅射等方法所获得的团簇结构.     

吡啶团簇的飞秒光电离和从头计算研究

用飞秒激光电离飞行时间质谱研究了吡啶分子团簇在400 nm波长下的多光子光电离,实验观测到一系列的质子化和非质子化团簇离子.结果表明,质子转移也能发生在弱氢键结合的分子间.通过分析离子峰宽和离子信号强度随气源压力的变化,得到质子化团簇离子来源于大团簇离子的碎裂,而非质子化团簇离子是中性团簇直接电离的结果.从头计算结果表明,吡啶团簇是通过弱氢键C-H…N 结合在一起的,并且团簇离子离解倾向于生成质子化产物.     

乙醇-水分子团簇C2H5OH(H2O)n (n=1-9)稳定结构的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 在B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对乙醇-水分子团簇(C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=1-9))的各种性质进行研究, 如: 优化的几何构型、结构参数、氢键、结合能、平均氢键强度、自然键轨道(NBO)电荷分布、团簇的生长规律等. 结果表明, 从二维(2-D)环状结构到三维(3-D)笼状结构的过渡出现在n=5的乙醇-水分子团簇中. 此外, 利用团簇结合能的二阶差分、形成能、能隙等性质, 发现在n=6时乙醇-水分子团簇的最低能量结构稳定性较好, 可能为幻数结构. 最后, 为了进一步探讨氢键本质, 将C₂H₅OH(H₂O)_n (n=2-9)最低能量结构的各种性质与纯水分子团簇(H₂O)_n (n=3-10)比较, 结果表明前者与后者中的水分子之间氢键相似.     

氟丙烯在高温下的热稳定性

用单脉冲激波管研究了全氟丙烯C3F6的分解。使用H2作为清扫剂。产物包括 CH4、 C2F4、 CF3H和C2F3H,作为对断键反应过程的指示。C3F6的断键反应为 C3F6  CF3+C2F3 （1） 得到其速率常数表达式为 k（C3F6  CF3+C2F3)=10(17.4±0.2)exp-(355300±8360)/(RT) s-1 温度范围为1090 K相似文献   

激光溅射Ni等离子体与气相CH3OH团簇的反应

The gas phase reaction of Ni plasma and methanol clusters is studied by the laser ablation-molecular beam（LAMB） method. Five species of clustered complex ions Ni+（CH3OH）n,NiO+（CH3OH）n,H+（CH3OH）n,H3O+（CH3OH）n,CH3O-（CH3OH）n（n≤25）are observed. Interestingly,the species and sizes of the product clusters vary observably when the plasma acts on the different parts of the pulsed methanol molecular beam. When the laser ablated Ni plasma acts on the head and tail of the beam,the metal methanol complex clusters Ni+（CH3OH）n and the oxidation clusters NiO+（CH3OH）n（n=1-15）together with protonated methanol clusters H +（CH3OH）n are domain. While the plasma acts on the middle of the beam,however,Ni+（CH3OH）1-2 and H+（CH3OH）n along with the mixed methanol-water clusters H3O+（CH3OH）n（n=15-25）turn to be the main resulting clusters. By comparing the intensities and the cluster sizes of NiO+（CH3OH）n with Ni+（CH3OH）n,the formation of NiO+（CH3OH）n is contributed to the intracluster demethanation reaction of Ni+（CH3OH）n and evaporation of several methanol molecules. As the H3O+（CH3OH）n is observed only when the plasma acts on the high density part of the beam,and their intensities are only 0. 5% of the protonated methanol molecule,it is concluded that the species are partially due to the recombination of H+（CH3OH）n and water,which come from the plasma-molecule reaction.     

捕获含有圣杯式十六核水簇的水-甲醇二元簇合物（H2O）20（CH3OH）4

超声反应条件下,以氧化银、2,2’-二苯基二羧酸（H2bpda）及柔性配体1,3．-（4-吡啶）丙烷（bpp）为原料,在1：1的甲醇-水混合溶剂中合成了一个全新的银配合物IAg4（bpda）2-（bpp）4·14H2O·2CH3OH]n（1）,并对该配合物进行了元素分析、红外光谱分析、热重分析以及晶体结构研究．X射线单晶结构分析表明,配合物1的空洞中包裹着一种由罕见的圣杯式十六核水簇、四个悬挂水分子及四个悬挂甲醇分子通过氢键作用所构筑的具有中心对称性的水-甲醇二元簇合物（H2O）20（CH3OH）4．其中的十六核水分子簇可看作由一组对称性相关的八核水簇相互耦合而成,而每个八核水则由两个折叠状的五核水通过共边形成．有趣地是,仔细分析发现目前的十六核水簇结构上非常类似由两个并环戊二烯通过[2＋2]环加成而得到的一种复杂的有机烃,显示出水分子簇与有机分子结构上的相似性．     

质子化丙酮分子团簇的结构和振动光谱

The stable structures and vibrational spectra of protonated acetone molecule clusters with different sizes （CH3COCH3）nH +（n=1-7）are calculated at the 6-31G（d）level by means of density functional theory （B3LYP）quantum chemical calculations. The corresponding energies are analyzed at the level B3LYP/6-311+G（3df,2p）in order to obtain more accurate results. The proton affinity of neutral cyclic acetone molecule clusters increases with the increasing of cluster size. The calculated results show that the protonated acetone clusters have certain growth regularity with forming a solvation shell at the beginning and then new added acetone molecule attacking different active sites including the middle carbon atoms and the different methyl in solvation shell. The IR spectra of the protonated clusters are more complicate than that of neutral ones. The strongest peaks result from the movement of the proton between the two oxygen atoms in solvant shell apart from the case of n=1. Carbonyl stretching vibraional peaks split into the more and more and in general the corresponding intensities are weakened due to the protonation with the increasing of cluster size.     

激光溅射Cu等离子体与气相CH3CN团簇的反应

The gas phase reaction of Cu plasma and acetonitrile clusters is studied by the laser ablation-molecular beam（LAMB） method. Four series of clustered complex ions Cu+（CH3CN）n, CH2CN+（CH3CN）n,H+（CH3CN）n and CH3CHCN+（CH3CN）n are observed. Interestingly,the species and sizes of the product clusters vary observably when the plasma acts on the different parts of the pulsed acetonitrile molecular beam. When the laser ablated Cu plasma acts on the head of the beam,the metal acetonitrile complex clusters Cu+（CH3CN）n together with protonated acetonitrile clusters H+（CH3CN）n and deprotonated acetonitrile clusters CH2CN+ （CH3CN）n are domain,while the plasma acts on the middle of the beam. However,CH2CN+（CH3CN）n and H+（CH3CN）n along with the clusters CH3CHCN+（CH3CN）n turn out to be the main resulting clusters. By comparing the intensities and the cluster sizes of CH3CHCN+（CH3CN）n with H+（CH3CN）n and CH2CN+（CH3CN）n,the formation of CH3CHCN +（CH3CN）n is contributed to the intracluster ion-molecule reaction of acetonitrile clusters.     

Size-restricted proton transfer within toluene-methanol cluster ions

To understand the interaction between toluene and methanol, the chemical reactivity of [(C6H5CH3)(CH3OH) n=1-7](+) cluster ions has been investigated via tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry and through calculations. Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) experiments show that the dissociated intracluster proton transfer reaction from the toluene cation to methanol clusters, forming protonated methanol clusters, only occurs for n = 2-4. For n = 5-7, CID spectra reveal that these larger clusters have to sequentially lose methanol monomers until they reach n = 4 to initiate the deprotonation of the toluene cation. Metastable decay data indicate that for n = 3 and n = 4 (CH3OH)3H(+) is the preferred fragment ion. The calculational results reveal that both the gross proton affinity of the methanol subcluster and the structure of the cluster itself play an important role in driving this proton transfer reaction. When n = 3, the cooperative effect of the methanols in the subcluster provides the most important contribution to allow the intracluster proton transfer reaction to occur with little or no energy barrier. As n >or= 4, the methanol subcluster is able to form ring structures to stabilize the cluster structures so that direct proton transfer is not a favored process. The preferred reaction product, the (CH3OH)3H(+) cluster ion, indicates that this size-restricted reaction is driven by both the proton affinity and the enhanced stability of the resulting product.     

Reactions of Laser Ablation-magnesium Plasma with Methanol Clusters

IntroductionReactions of metal ions with neutral molecules orclusters produce a variety of metal complex ions andother new series of cluster ions including cations andanions.The laser ablation-molecular beam(LA-MB)method has marked its relevance in the st…     

Clusters of hydrated methane sulfonic acid CH3SO3H.(H2O)n (n = 1-5): a theoretical study

Ab initio and density functional methods have been used to examine the structures and energetics of the hydrated clusters of methane sulfonic acid (MSA), CH3SO3H.(H2O)n (n = 1-5). For small clusters with one or two water molecules, the most stable clusters have strong cyclic hydrogen bonds between the proton of OH group in MSA and the water molecules. With three or more water molecules, the proton transfer from MSA to water becomes possible, forming ion-pair structures between CH3SO3- and H3O+ moieties. For MSA.(H2O)3, the energy difference between the most stable ion pair and neutral structures are less than 1 kJ/mol, thus coexistence of neutral and ion-pair isomers are expected. For larger clusters with four and five water molecules, the ion-pair isomers are more stable (>10 kJ/mol) than the neutral ones; thus, proton transfer takes place. The ion-pair clusters can have direct hydrogen bond between CH3SO3- and H3O+ or indirect one through water molecule. For MSA.(H2O)5, the energy difference between ion pairs with direct and indirect hydrogen bonds are less than 1 kJ/mol; namely, the charge separation and acid ionization is energetically possible. The calculated IR spectra of stable isomers of MSA.(H2O)n clusters clearly demonstrate the significant red shift of OH stretching of MSA and hydrogen-bonded OH stretching of water molecules as the size of cluster increases.     

C4H5N-(NH3)n氢键团簇的多光子电力与从头计算

在３５５和５３２ｎｍ激光波长下用ＴＯＦ质谱仪研究了Ｃ４Ｈ５Ｎ－（ＮＨ３）ｎ系列氢键团簇体系的多光子电离,实验发现,两波长下除了得到一系列团簇离子Ｃ４Ｈ５Ｎ－（ＮＨ３）ｎ＾＋外,还观测到一系列质子化产物Ｃ４Ｈ５Ｎ－（ＮＨ３）ｎ－Ｈ＾＋,这些质子化产物来自于光电离过程中团簇内部的质子转移反应;Ｃ４Ｈ５Ｎ－（ＮＨ３）ｎ＾＋系列离子出现反常强度变化,即Ｃ４Ｈ５Ｎ－（ＮＨ３）２＾＋离子强度较Ｃ４Ｈ５Ｎ－（Ｎ     

Why are proton transfers at carbon slow? Self-exchange reactions

When the quantum character of proton transfer is taken into account, the intrinsic slowness of self-exchange proton transfer at carbon appears as a result of its nonadiabatic character as opposed to the adiabatic character of proton transfer at oxygen and nitrogen. This difference is caused by the lesser polarity of C-H bonds as compared to that of O-H and N-H bonds. Besides solvent and heavy-atom intramolecular reorganizations, the kinetics of the reaction are consequently governed at the level of a pre-exponential term by proton tunneling through the barrier. These contrasting behaviors are illustrated by an analysis of the CH(3)H + (-)CH(3), H(2)O + OH(-), and (+)NH(4) + NH(3) self-exchange reactions. The effect of electron-withdrawing substituents and the case of cation radicals are discussed within the same framework taking the O(2)NCH(2)H + CH(2)=NO(2)(-) and (+.)H(2)NCH(2)H + (.)CH(2)NH(2) as examples. Illustrated by the CH(2)=CH-CH(2)H + (-)CH(2)-CH=CH(2) couple, it is shown that the "imbalanced character of the transition state" is related to heavy-atom intramolecular reorganization. Combination of these various effects is finally analyzed, taking the O(2)N-CH(2)=CH-CH(2)H + CH(2)=CH-CH=NO(2)(-) and (+.)H(2)N-CH(2)=CH-CH(2)H + (.)CH(2)-CH=CH(2)-NH(2) couples as examples.