基于功能化Fe3O4@Ag纳米粒子快速检测H92+的SERS方法

近年来,汞作为一种重要的污染物引起了人们的广泛关注.迄今为止,基于表面增强拉曼光谱（Surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS）的Hg²⁺检测方法因其在不同的检测方法中具有高灵敏度而备受关注.基于“turn-off”机制,我们合成出一种磁性Fe₃O₄@Ag（FA）纳米材料用于Hg²⁺的SERS检测.磁等离子体共振纳米颗粒结合了磁共振和等离子体共振特性,可用于高灵敏度和高选择性的汞离子的SERS检测.通过修饰带正电的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDADMAC,PolyDADMAC,PDDA）层,Fe₃O₄@Ag表面吸附上带负电的甲基橙探针分子,在Hg²⁺存在的情况下,可以观察到SERS信号显著降低.由于Hg²⁺与Ag纳米颗粒会快速反应并在Ag纳米颗粒表面形成一层汞齐,从而影响了Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振（Surface Plasmon Resonance,SPR）性能,导致电磁场强度的减弱;同时,这样也会导致Ag纳米颗粒的表面Zeta电位的降低,并且影响拉曼探针分子在其表面的吸附,从而进一步导致SERS信号的降低.因此,在含有Hg²⁺的情况下,SERS强度的降低主要归因于Hg²⁺与AgNPs的相互作用.通过我们的实验可以证明,基于“turn-off”机制检测Hg²⁺的方法的检测限可以低至10^-10 mol/L.本实验设计的SERS纳米传感器可用于快速检测环境中Hg²⁺,为构建重金属离子SERS纳米传感器提供了巨大的潜力.     

基于磁纳米颗粒的二段对称分裂式G-四分体DNA酶生物传感器用于Hg2+的快速检测

提出了一种可用于Hg²⁺快速检测的基于磁纳米颗粒与二段对称分裂式G-四分体DNA酶的生物传感器. 分别用紫外-可见光谱法, 圆二色光谱法和荧光显微镜成像技术对实验设计的DNA酶传感器进行了表征. 传感器中磁纳米颗粒的应用不仅可以直接从水样中通过磁分离方法分离和富集被测物Hg²⁺, 并且还能将游离的未与Hg²⁺结合的DNA酶和hemin等除去, 有效地提高检测灵敏度和降低背景信号; 此外, 二段对称分裂式G-四分体DNA酶的运用还可增强传感器的灵活性和选择性. 传感器对Hg²⁺检测的线性范围为0.8～20 nmol/L, 检出限为0.3 nmol/L. 当水体中的共存离子大量存在时, 传感器对Hg²⁺的检测仍具有高度特异性. 对实际水样的检测回收率在95.3%～104.4%之间. 实验设计的DNA酶传感器操作简便, 费用低廉, 具有良好的再生能力. 可用于天然水体和饮用水样品中痕量Hg²⁺的检测.     

纳米金颗粒增强信号的电化学生物传感器用于谷胱甘肽和半胱氨酸的检测

构建了一种高灵敏检测谷胱甘肽(GSH)和半胱氨酸(Cys)的新型电化学生物传感器. 先将富含T碱基的DNA1和DNA2探针分别修饰在金电极和纳米金颗粒(AuNPs)上, 再加入Hg²⁺, 通过形成T-Hg²⁺-T结构使AuNPs结合到金电极表面. 当加入GSH(或Cys)后, GSH(或Cys)可以竞争结合T-Hg²⁺-T结构中的Hg²⁺, 使AuNPs离开电极表面. 由于AuNPs上修饰的DNA探针能够静电吸附大量电活性物质六氨合钌(RuHex), 因此该过程可引起计时电量信号的显著变化, 据此实现了GSH(或Cys)的高灵敏检测. 该传感器的检出限达10 pmol/L, 比荧光法或比色法降低了2~3个数量级. 实验结果表明, 该传感器具有较好的选择性.     

基于牛血清白蛋白功能化金纳米棒的荧光探针测定Hg2+

建立了一种以牛血清白蛋白功能化的金纳米棒(BSA-Cys-GNRs)为荧光探针检测Hg²⁺的新方法。以半胱氨酸作为连接臂成功将牛血清白蛋白修饰在金纳米棒表面,通过紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱和荧光倒置显微镜等多种分析方法对材料进行表征。研究发现,在295nm波长光激发下,BSA-Cys-GNRs探针在338nm显示强荧光,而Hg²⁺能够有效地猝灭BSA-Cys-GNRs的荧光。对一系列影响猝灭效果的因素进行考察,得出pH 4.0、孵育时间5.0min为最佳检测条件。Mn²⁺、K⁺、Ni²⁺、Na⁺、Cr³⁺、Cd²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ca²⁺、Al³⁺和Zn²⁺对BSA-Cys-GNRs的荧光信号没有明显的影响。当Hg²⁺的浓度为0.04444~8.888μmol·L^-1时,荧光猝灭效率与Hg²⁺的浓度之间存在良好的线性关系,检测限为8.08nmol·L^-1。将该方法用于环境水样中Hg²⁺的检测,回收率为98.9%~105.0%。     

基于小分子的汞离子荧光探针*

汞离子（Hg²⁺）作为一种极具生理毒性的化学物质,其检测方法在传感领域得到了广泛的研究。荧光探针由于具有高效灵敏、快速便捷检测等优点而成为Hg²⁺检测的重要手段之一。通过Hg²⁺与探针特征的结合位点作用,引起其光物理性质的变化,从而实现对Hg²⁺的高选择性识别。本文综述了近年来小分子Hg²⁺荧光探针的研究进展。文中着重总结了Hg²⁺荧光探针分子的设计原理、检测机制及应用方法;评述了这些化合物的结构和检测性能之间的关系;最后展望了Hg²⁺荧光探针的研究和发展方向。     

一种基于苯并噁唑类的可视化检测汞离子的荧光探针

设计合成了一种用于检测Hg²⁺的苯并噁唑类荧光探针4-(苯并[d]噁唑-2-基)-2-((二(2-(乙巯基)乙基)氨基)甲基)苯酚(ZY1), 用质谱、核磁氢谱和X射线单晶衍射等方法对其进行了结构表征, 并考察了其光谱性能. 研究结果表明, ZY1对Hg²⁺有较高的选择性和灵敏度, 它们之间的结合比为1:1, 共存离子及pH值(3.0～9.0)对其测定影响小. ZY1能够可视化检测Hg²⁺, 并在HeLa活细胞中实现了汞离子的成像, 这对检测生物体内的Hg²⁺将具有潜在的应用价值.     

基于氮化碳量子点/罗丹明B系统检测汞离子的比率荧光探针

通过一步水热法,以柠檬酸和尿素为原料,制备了蓝色氮化碳量子点(CNQDs),并对CNQDs的粒径分布、元素组成、形貌结构及表面官能团进行了表征,考察了CNQDs的光谱性质。以CNQDs为母体与罗丹明B(RhB)构成比率荧光探针CNQDs/RhB,基于CNQDs/RhB(447 nm/581 nm)的荧光强度比值F₀=(F₄₄₇/F₅₈₁)的变化情况对汞离子(Hg²⁺)进行定量测定,具有高选择性和灵敏性。结果显示,该探针对Hg²⁺的检测线性范围为2～40μmol/L,检出限为1.95μmol/L。常见的阴离子和阳离子对CNQDs/Rh B检测Hg²⁺基本无影响,并对该比率型荧光探针的检测机制进行了探究。最后,将该探针应用于实际水样中Hg²⁺的检测,说明该探针具有潜在的应用价值。通过研究,对Hg²⁺的检测提供了新的思路,也预示了该荧光探针在水环境检测方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于二硫化钼和钴基金属有机骨架的痕量汞离子电化学传感器

汞离子(Hg²⁺)具有高生物毒性,痕量的汞也会对生态环境质量和人体健康造成严重危害.本文基于二硫化钼(MoS₂)和钴基金属有机骨架(ZIF-67)的复合材料MoS₂@ZIF-67制备了一种新型的电化学传感器,结合MoS₂的优异导电性与金属有机骨架的催化性能,复合材料MoS₂@ZIF-67可放大电化学信号,提高电极的电化学活性.利用Hg²⁺能与DNA中胸腺嘧啶T结合形成T-Hg²⁺-T双螺旋结构的原理,使用差分脉冲伏安法实现了对水环境中痕量汞的特异性检测.该传感器对Hg²⁺检测的线性范围为0.01～10μg/L,检出限为5 ng/L,并表现出较好的选择性.采用该传感器对自来水样品进行加标回收检测,回收率为110%～119%,在痕量汞的检测中具有良好的应用前景.     

300 MW燃煤电厂ESP和WFGD对烟气汞的脱除特性

采用燃煤电厂汞形态浓度取样测试OHM标准方法,对一座300 MW燃煤电厂静电除尘器(ESP)和湿法脱硫装置(WFGD)前后烟气进行了等速取样.使用美国Leeman Labs Hydra AA全自动汞分析仪检测烟气中的汞形态浓度.采集了固体样品,包括入炉煤、底渣、ESP电场灰、脱硫剂石灰石、脱硫产物石膏等,使用意大利Milestone公司生产的DMA80全自动汞分析仪检测固体样品中的汞浓度.计算锅炉系统的汞质量平衡,获得了ESP和WFGD前后烟气的汞形态浓度和分布规律,分析讨论了影响烟气汞形态转化的各种影响因素.结果表明,燃煤烟气中气态单质汞Hg⁰和气态氧化汞Hg²⁺占到总汞量的95%.煤渣中的汞可忽略不计;ESP对颗粒态汞Hg^p的脱除效率达到95%以上,但是对Hg⁰和Hg²⁺脱除率不高.ESP对烟气总汞Hg^T脱除效率为12.77%~17.38%;WFGD对Hg²⁺的脱除率达到79.93%~90.53%,但是对Hg⁰没有脱除效果,其含量不仅没有下降反而有少量上升,说明有部分Hg²⁺在WFGD中被还原成Hg⁰.WFGD对Hg^T脱除效率为9.68%~29.36%;该电厂现有污染控制设备ESP+WFGD可以脱除全部的Hg^p和大部分Hg²⁺,但是由于部分Hg²⁺的还原使得Hg^T的脱除效率在25.38%~38.38%.综合来看,该燃煤电厂的污染物控制设备在进行除尘和脱硫的同时,对汞的脱除率并不高,与燃煤中的氯含量较低有关.     

柔红霉素修饰的纳米金电极的制备及其对DNA检测

利用双硫醇分子作为连接剂, 将纳米金颗粒固定于金电极上, 用伏安法、紫外-可见光谱和电化学交流阻抗对其组装过程以及活性进行了表征. 制备的纳米金修饰电极用于DNA测定及其对DNA损伤的检测. DNA的检测限为 1.2×10^－9 mol/L. 该法灵敏、简便.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.