人血液荧光的光谱特性及其物质来源

取健康人的静脉血,首次实验测量了人血液的三维荧光光谱,并通过分析荧光激发-发射矩阵研究了血液自体荧光的物质来源。 结果表明：人血液的荧光激发-发射对主要有260-630, 280-340, 340-460, 450-520 nm,它们所对应的内源性荧光物质分别来源于血液中的内源性卟啉,色氨酸,还原烟碱腺嘌呤二核苷酸(磷酸盐)和黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸。 这些物质的荧光激发效率随着激发光波长的变化而表现出显著差异。     

核黄素与NADH在紫光波段的激光诱导荧光光谱研究

基于细胞代谢荧光体的激光诱导荧光探测,在生物反应过程监测与生物活性物质探测中具有广泛的应用.本文利用波长可调谐激光光源,结合液体射流进样装置,研究了核黄素与NADH等生物荧光体在紫光波段(389nm～404nm)激发的荧光光谱,并考察了激光强度、样品浓度等参数对荧光光谱特性的影响.实验观察到核黄素的激发光谱在402.5nm处出现“波谷”,具有特征性,选择403.5nm激光激发,核黄素的浓度灵敏度约为NADH的八百分之一.这些结果为发展生物荧光探测与识别技术提供了新的基础数据.     

核黄素与NADH在紫光波段的激光诱导荧光光谱研究

基于细胞代谢荧光体的激光诱导荧光探测,在生物反应过程监测与生物活性物质探测中具有广泛的应用.本文利用波长可调谐激光光源,结合液体射流进样装置,研究了核黄素与NADH等生物荧光体在紫光波段(389 nm～404 nm)激发的荧光光谱,并考察了激光强度、样品浓度等参数对荧光光谱特性的影响.实验观察到核黄素的激发光谱在402.5 nm处出现"波谷",具有特征性,选择403.5 nm激光激发,核黄素的浓度灵敏度约为NADH的八百分之一.这些结果为发展生物荧光探测与识别技术提供了新的基础数据.     

纳米银对表面吸附核黄素分子光谱性质的影响

采用氧化还原法制备了纳米尺寸的银溶胶,研究了纳米银粒子对核黄素(Riboflavin,Ri)水溶液吸收光谱和荧光光谱的影响.Ri溶液中加入纳米银粒子,随着纳米银浓度的增大,吸收强度不断增强,372 nm处吸收峰红移,而444 nm处吸收峰蓝移,同时发生荧光猝灭现象.从无辐射通道增强、纳米银表面局域场减弱及Ri分子第一激...     

Fluorescence properties of riboflavin-functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 and riboflavin solutions in presence of different metal and organic cations

Riboflavin was covalently linked to mesoporous SBA-15 silica surface via grafting technique. Then fluorescence properties of the system obtained were analyzed in the presence of several metal and organic cations. Both quenching and strengthening of fluorescence as well as significant changes in the maximum fluorescence wavelength were observed. The results were compared with absorption and fluorescence data obtained for riboflavin water solutions.     

Identification of tyrosine in the presence of tryptophan using Cd-enriched colloidal CdS nanoparticles: A fluorescence spectroscopic study

A simpler identification method of tyrosine in the presence of tryptophan using CdS nanoparticles by conventional spectroscopic technique is proposed. Effect of both sulfide-enriched CdS as well as Cd²⁺-enriched CdS on tryptophan is investigated through absorption and emission spectroscopy. Quenching of tryptophan emission obeyed Stern-Volmer relation and was found to be independent of temperature, indicating a possible static quenching. The time-resolved fluorescence decay of tryptophan was minimally affected by sulfide-enriched CdS as well as Cd²⁺-enriched CdS nanoparticles, suggesting quenching to be static. In the presence of Cd²⁺-enriched CdS nanoparticles, the emission of tryptophan in phosphate buffer shows a typical spectral broadening along with a long wavelength increase in fluorescence emission. Additionally, spectra followed a typical isoemissive point at 440 nm when tryptophan alone was there. Similarly, isoemissive point at 340 nm was observed in the case of tyrosine. However, a further red shift of isoemissive point (470 nm) in the mixture of both tyrosine and tryptophan was observed. This observation might make Cd²⁺-enriched CdS nanoparticles useful for using as marker for tyrosine in the presence of tyrptophan.     

The effect of lead cations on the fluorescence characteristics of bovine serum albumin in aqueous solution

The effect of lead (heavy metal) cations on the fluorescence characteristics and photophysical parameters (fluorescence intensity and anisotropy, absorption cross section, excited state lifetime, and rates of singlet-triplet conversion and reversible photobleaching) of tryptophan in an aqueous solution of bovine serum albumin (two-tryptophan protein) is studied and compared with the effect in the aqueous solution of tryptophan. It is demonstrated that the effect of lead on the fluorescence characteristics of the protein is manifested at a molar concentration ratio of metal cations and protein macromolecules of greater than 10 and related to the dynamic quenching of the excited state, protein aggregation, and an increase in the rate of singlet-triplet conversion (the effect of a heavy atom) in tryptophan molecules.     

Dynamics of photon-induced degradation and fluorescence in riboflavin microparticles

An unexpected blue-fluorescence band (around 420 nm) from both micrometer-sized dried particles and aqueous droplets of riboflavin [7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-1^′-ribityl)-isoalloxazine] is observed when the microparticles are irradiated with a pulsed UV (355- or 351-nm) laser. The intensity of the band increases quadratically with input laser energy density (fluence) and is attributable to a one-photon-excited fluorescence of lumichrome (7,8-dimethyl-alloxazine) that is produced by photo-degradation of riboflavin. The well-known greenish-yellow fluorescence band (at 560 nm for dried particles and 535 nm for aqueous droplets) from riboflavin increases sublinearly with UV-laser fluence. With a laser input fluence above 5 J/cm² the riboflavin fluorescence decays earlier and the lumichrome fluorescence reaches a maximum later than the peak of the input laser pulse. The temporal dynamics of the 420- and 535-nm fluorescence peaks are consistent with a rate-equation simulation of photon-induced conversion of riboflavin to lumichrome and the subsequent fluorescence of lumichrome. Received: 28 September 2000 / Revised version: 11 December 2000 / Published online: 21 February 2001     

掺钕锂铝硅玻璃陶瓷制备和发光性能研究

采用传统熔融及退火技术,引入合适的添加剂于相对低温下成功制备出掺钕锂铝硅玻璃,通过控制成核和析晶工艺制备出锂铝硅玻璃陶瓷。采用差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见近红外分光光度计和荧光光谱仪对材料进行表征。三个发光谱带中心波长位于890 nm,1065 nm和1330 nm处,分别对应于4F3/2→4I9/2,4F3/2→4I11/2和4F3/2→4I13/2跃迁。玻璃陶瓷晶相及晶粒大小对Nd3 离子发光性能影响很大。当Nd3 离子进入晶粒尺寸为10~20 nm的β--锂霞石固溶体时,发光强度与基质玻璃相比明显增强,在1065 nm处的受激发射截面iσn达1.931×10-21cm2,比基质玻璃受激发射截面提高了约8%。当β--锂霞石固溶体晶粒尺寸接近可见光波长时钕离子发生荧光猝灭。而当β--锂霞石固溶体晶型转变为β--黝辉石固溶体时,荧光猝灭消失。     

Temporal characteristics of the fluorescence of the anionic form of 3-hydroxyflavone

The spectral and temporal characteristics of the fluorescence of the anionic form of 3-hydroxyflavone in acetonitrile are studied. This form can be selected upon excitation in the region from 380 to 440 nm with the maximum near 420 nm. The fluorescence spectrum of this form has the shape of a wide structureless band peaked at about 470 nm. The lifetimes of the fluorescence of the anionic form in the region from 460 to 530 nm are measured; the average lifetimes do not depend on the recording wavelength in the entire region and are equal to 3.7 ± 0.2 ns. Addition of water to the solution leads to a gradual quenching of the fluorescence and its complete vanishing at a concentration of 10 M. This is a static quenching or quenching of the first kind according to Vavilov’s classification; i.e., it occurs in the ground state.     

Single-shot fluorescence spectra of individual micrometer-sized bioaerosols illuminated by a 351- or a 266-nm ultraviolet laser

Reproducible fluorescence spectra of individual 2- to 5-microm -diameter biological aerosol particles excited with a single shot from a Q -switched laser (266 or 351 nm) have been obtained with highly improved signal-to-noise ratios. Critical to the advance are crossed diode-laser trigger beams, which precisely define the sample volume, and a reflecting objective, which minimizes chromatic aberration and has a large N.A. for collecting fluorescence. Several allergens (red oak, meadow oat pollen, paper mulberry pollen, and puffball spores) have different fluorescence spectra. Bacillus subtilis fluorescence spectrum deteriorates at high 266-nm incident intensity. Dry riboflavin particles illuminated with a 351-nm light exhibit a new 420-nm fluorescence peak that grows nonlinearly with laser pulse energy.     

A Comparative Study of the Effect of Exogenous and Endogenous Photostabilizers on Lens Crystallin Photodegradation

The purpose of the present study was to determine in vitro the effect of sodium azide, ethanol, trans--carotene, and the reduced form of glutathione on phototransformations in the lens crystallin. These photostabilizers show a specific affinity for different kinds of free radicals. The water-soluble protein from the cortical part of the eye was irradiated with doses of UV C ranging from 0 to 4.07 J/cm². Changes in the structure of the crystallins have been monitored by steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Irradiation of dialyzed samples of these proteins at a wavelength of 254 nm (1.13 ± 0.02 mW/cm²) caused photooxidation of aromatic residues; the crystallin solutions became opaque and turbid. The samples displayed increasing attenuance at a wavelength of 280 nm as photodamage proceeded. The fluorescence of tryptophan at 333 nm systematically decreased and a new band between 400 and 500 nm appeared during the UV C irradiation. Our results show that the antioxidants can protect proteins from UV C-induced photodegradation and the protective effect is significantly dependent on their concentration in the protein solution. There are no dramatic differences in the rates of exogenous and endogenous scavenging of generated free radicals for all concentrations used, with rate constants varying by a factor no greater than 2. The mechanism and the rate of scavenging or quenching are dependent on the nature of the radical species and the photostabilizer structure. Although this study provides evidence for free radical scavenging and protein protection, extrapolations to possible antioxidant effects in vivo must be made cautiously.     

Concentration quenching of fluorescence of colloid quantum dots of cadmium sulfide

The influence of the concentration of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in a colloid aqueous solution on its optical properties has been investigated. The band gap of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles is calculated based on the optical absorption spectra of solutions with different concentrations. The band gap coincides for all the samples irrespective of their concentration and is equal to 2.63 eV. It is found that the intensity of fluorescence substantially depends on the solution concentration. The fluorescence intensity considerably decreases in a wavelength range from 665 to 720 nm as the concentration increases above 3.25 mM. This concentration is the threshold of the concentration quenching for CdS nanoparticles.     

荧光猝灭法研究NADH、Thio-NAD~＋与3α-HSD的相互作用

采用荧光猝灭法研究了两种辅酶,还原型烟酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）、氧化型硫代烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（Thio-NAD＋）与3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶（3α-HSD）的相互作用。研究结果表明,NADH和Thio-NAD＋的加入均能使3α-HSD的内源性荧光发生猝灭,其猝灭机制均属于生成复合物的静态猝灭;25℃下NADH、Thio-NAD＋与3α-HSD的结合常数分别为7.38×104、1.23×104L.mol-1;37℃下NADH、Thio-NAD＋与3α-HSD的结合常数分别为4.69×104、9.74×103L.mol-1;NADH与3α-HSD的结合作用力为氢键和范德华力,Thio-NAD＋与3α-HSD的结合作用力主要为静电引力和疏水作用力;NADH和Thio-NAD＋均能使3α-HSD构象发生变化,导致色氨酸残基所处环境极性增大。     

核黄素与碘离子相互作用的光谱分析

研究了核黄素与I-相互作用的荧光光谱和吸收光谱变化,得出I-可以使核黄素的荧光发生有规律的猝灭,它们之间的相互作用属于动态猝灭机制。根据Stern-Volmer方程,求出了动态猝灭常数Ksv=44.72L.mol-1,荧光猝灭速率常数Kq=6.4×1010L.mol-1.s-1。I-对核黄素荧光的这种动态猝灭引起了吸收光谱的变化,吸收峰从373nm蓝移到了369nm,而443nm处吸收峰却红移到了447nm;并且核黄素的吸收强度随I-浓度的增大不断增强,是由于I-重原子效应的影响,使核黄素分子的自旋角动量与轨函角动量强烈的相互作用,S0→S1的吸收跃迁概率增大而造成的。     

荧光光谱法研究核黄素与核黄素结合蛋白的相互作用

运用荧光光谱研究了核黄素与核黄素结合蛋白的相互作用,并探讨了两者间的结合类型、结合常数、结合过程中热力学参数和能量转移。结果表明:核黄素结合蛋白内源荧光的猝灭是由于核黄素与蛋白质之间形成复合物,并符合静态猝灭机理。298,308,318K下核黄素与核黄素结合蛋白的结合常数分别为:5.35×108,1.54×108,0.56×108 L.mol-1。热力学数据表明核黄素与核黄素结合蛋白之间主要作用力为氢键和范德华力。Frster能量转移理论确定了核黄素与核黄素结合蛋白的作用距离与能量转移效率分别为0.70nm与0.39。利用同步荧光光谱研究了核黄素结合蛋白与核黄素结合过程中构象的变化。     

The Antioxidative Activity of Riboflavin in the Presence of Antipyrin. Spectroscopic Studies

The effect of Antipyrin upon the antioxidant activity of the riboflavin has been evidenced using chemiluminescent system luminol–hydrogen peroxide, in Tris–HCl buffer, pH 8.5. It was found that riboflavin antioxidant activity depends on the reaction time and the Antipyrin concentration. Using ESR spectroscopy the hydroxyl radical generation, in the mentioned chemiluminescent system, was evidenced. The interaction between reactants was also investigated by UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of Antipyrin concentration upon the riboflavin fluorescence has also been investigated. The fluorescence quenching by Antipyrin is not significant and subsequently the riboflavin fluorescence quenching doesn’t indicate an electron transfer process through diffusion-controlled mechanism. The results are discussed with relevance to the redox processes of riboflavin.     

Nonlinear Excitation of Tryptophan Emission Enhanced by Silver Nanoparticles

We measured and analyzed the behavior of the fluorescence of tryptophan water solutions with and without silver nanoparticles, excited by one, two and three photon processes. Two different colloids with silver nanoparticles with distinct diameters (0.65 nm and 9 nm) were used in the experiments. Fluorescence quenching was observed with one and two photon excitation. However, upon three-photon excitation, significant fluorescence enhancement was observed in the colloid. In this case excitation of the amino acid is assisted by the nonlinear absorption of infrared light by the silver nanoparticles. In this paper we are proposing a new way to explore metallic nanoparticles to enhance autofluorescence of biomolecules.     

Tryptophan Environment and Functional Characterization of a Kinetically Stable Serine Protease Containing a Polyproline II Fold

The single tryptophan residue from Nocardiopsis sp. serine protease (NprotI) was studied for its microenvironment using steady state and time-resolved fluorescence. The emission maximum was observed at 353 nm with excitation at 295 nm indicating tryptophan to be solvent exposed. Upon denaturation with 6 M guanidinum thiocyanate (GuSCN) the emission maxima was shifted to 360 nm. Solute quenching studies were performed with neutral (acrylamide) and ionic (I^- and Cs⁺) quenchers to probe the exposure and accessibility of tryptophan residue of the protein. Maximum quenching was observed with acrylamide. In the native state, quenching was not observed with Cs⁺ indicating presence of only positively charged environment surrounding tryptophan. However; in denatured protein, quenching was observed with Cs⁺, indicating charge reorientation after denaturation. No quenching was observed with Cs⁺ even at pH 1.0 or 10.0; while at acidic pH, a higher rate of quenching was observed with KI. This indicated presence of more positive charge surrounding tryptophan at acidic pH. In time resolved fluorescence measurements, the fluorescence decay curves could be best fitted to monoexponential pattern with lifetimes of 5.13 ns for NprotI indicating one conformer of the trp. Chemical modification studies with phenyl glyoxal suggested presence of Arg near the active site of the enzyme. No inhibition was seen with soyabean trypsin and limabean inhibitors, while, CanPI uncompetitively inhibited NprotI. Various salts from Hofmeister series were shown to decrease the activity and PPII content of NprotI.     

Comparison of the Optoelectronic Performance of Neutral and Cationic Forms of Riboflavin

The riboflavin dye 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-acetyl-1-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl]-1-deoxypentitol and its pyridinium salt were synthesized, and studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solutions and on thin film states. The first absorption band of riboflavin-pyridinium salt derivative is red-shifted by 10 nm compared to neutral one on film. Cationic riboflavin derivative shows significant wavelength changes on its fluorescence emission spectrum in the excited state depending on the solvent polarity and the electronic environment. The fluorescence quantum yields of cationic riboflavin gave much higher values as compared to that of its neutral form. The fluorescence lifetimes were found to be in the range of 5.5–6.6 ns with mono ? exponential behavior. These dyes possess low-lying HOMO energy levels which are suitable to be able to inject holes to donor polymers so that they can be used as acceptor component in the active layer of bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJ-SCs). Photovoltaic responses are reported for P3HT:riboflavin active layer wherein the synthesized dyes are used as acceptor component. Also, neutral riboflavin shows greater electron mobility value of 1.3 × 10^?3 cm²/V?s compared to its cationic derivative.