生活用水的拉曼光谱分析

为了进行水质分析,运用激光拉曼光谱方法测量了自来水和白开水的拉曼光谱,分析了其振动方式归属与光谱强度。结果表明,3200～3400cm-1较强的拉曼谱带(伸缩振动)是水分子的振动拉曼特征峰,水中杂质尤其是钙镁离子含量是影响拉曼特征峰强度的主要因素。     

基于拉曼光谱解析的对二甲苯装置吸附塔循环液成分分析

采用拉曼光谱分析法实现PX(对二甲苯)装置中吸附塔循环液快速、准确的在线分析。由于循环液中各组分的拉曼谱峰相互重叠,且各组分的含量变化范围很大,需要收集大量的训练样本。为此,提出了基于拉曼光谱解析的循环液成分分析方法。首先,要获得循环液所含各组分纯物质的拉曼光谱,以及少量训练样本的拉曼光谱,对这些拉曼光谱进行基线扣除和均值归一化;其次,选取特征波段680～880 cm-1,对每一个训练样本预处理后的拉曼光谱在特征波段进行光谱分解,得到该训练样本中各组分的分解系数;然后,基于全部训练样本各组分的分解系数与对应的浓度数据,建立分解系数与浓度之间的定量分析模型。而对于某一测试样本,先获取其拉曼光谱,进行上述相同的光谱预处理,并在相同的特征波段基于纯组分的拉曼光谱对其进行谱分解,以获得该样本的光谱分解系数;再根据得到的分解系数和上述定量分析的模型,预测出该测试样本中各组分的含量。实验结果表明,一方面,由各纯组分混合得到的训练样本的拉曼光谱可以较精确地分解成各组分的拉曼光谱的线性加权和;另一方面,基于拉曼光谱分解系数建立的定量分析模型可以准确地预测出循环液中各组分的含量,对测试样本中甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯和对二乙基苯含量的标准预测误差分别为0.301%,0.088%,0.563%,0.384%,0.366%和0.536%。为PX装置中吸附塔循环液的在线分析提供了改进方法。     

激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪校准程序

作为一种常规光谱测量技术,拉曼光谱仪应用广泛并具有特定的校准方法。主要面向激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪,概括介绍了激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪的测量原理、结构及主要组成部分,重点介绍了激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪的校准项目和校准过程,重点是分光计(摄谱仪)校准和激光器激发波长校准。在传统校准方法的基础上提出了一种更准确、新的获得实际激发波长的方法,即在Δν=0处校准的方法。根据此新的激发波长校准方法测量单质硫的拉曼频移,并将硫的拉曼频移值与美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)值比较。结果表明此校准步骤正确,从而进一步提出了一种更为合理的激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪的校准程序。     

基于XeF (C-A)激光激励的自发拉曼散射技术研究

针对自发拉曼散射技术应用于实际燃烧场参数测量时面临的主要技术难题,采用XeF(C-A)激光作为激励光源,开展了自发拉曼散射技术实验研究。通过分析拉曼散射过程对光源参数的要求,优化了XeF(C-A)激光器部分参数,建立了自发拉曼散射诊断系统,实现了气体介质主要组分浓度在线测量,对比了XeF(C-A)激光与主流激光作为拉曼散射光源的优缺点。结果表明:与现有主流光源相比,具有脉冲能量大、微秒级脉宽,位于可见光波段等特点的放电抽运XeF(C-A)激光非常适合用作自发拉曼散射激励光源。     

多波长拉曼激光对CCD损伤实验研究

本文开展了多波长纳秒脉冲拉曼激光对行间转移CCD相机的损伤实验。分别研究了496 nm、574 nm、630 nm单波长拉曼激光与混合输出的多波长拉曼激光对CCD的点损伤、线损伤和面损伤情况,测量了不同波长拉曼激光的损伤阈值区间,并根据损伤情况统计拟合,获得了不同波长拉曼激光能量与损伤概率的关系曲线。实验结果表明：混合波长拉曼激光对CCD的损伤阈值低于单波长拉曼激光的损伤阈值,不同波长拉曼激光对于CCD的损伤阈值也存在区别,其中630 nm拉曼激光的损伤阈值低于496 nm激光,574 nm激光的损伤阈值介于496 nm和630 nm拉曼激光之间。在此基础上,通过分析CCD不同损伤情况的显微图像,以及受损伤CCD的电子学特性,对拉曼激光损伤CCD的机理进行了探讨。     

利用拉曼光谱检测丙烯共聚物的性质

采用拉曼光谱检测了7个丙烯共聚物样品,并详细分析了谱图中所有特征峰来源;最终选择2 700～3 100 cm-1作为特征谱段,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归的方法分别建立了样品中二甲苯可溶物、乙烯含量及可溶物中乙烯含量与拉曼特征峰相对强度的关联模型。通过预测模型求得的预测含量与真实含量的相关系数(r)均大于0.94,平均相对误差(ARE)均小于5%。还对2 700～3 100 cm-1区域拉曼光谱的第二项PLS成分进行了研究,发现采用PLS回归能够准确、有效地提取出样品的原有信息。为采用拉曼光谱在线检测共聚聚丙烯中的二甲苯可溶物量、乙烯含量及可溶物中的乙烯含量提供了可能性。     

CVD金刚石膜中1145cm~(-1)拉曼峰的研究

用拉曼光谱手段对CVD方法生长的金刚石膜,特别是其中最有争议的1145cm-1附近的拉曼峰进行了研究。用不同波长激光激发得到此峰的拉曼谱与量子尺寸选择效应所预期规律的相反,反驳了将1145cm-1附近的拉曼峰指认为纳米晶金刚石本征峰的说法。而通过对不同样品的比较,从侧面支持了将它归结为杂质,即反式聚乙炔的指认。更进一步通过分析不同尺寸的样品中杂质峰的相对强度,提出了这个峰的强度或许可以作为金刚石晶粒尺寸判据的建议。     

湖北十堰绿松石中杂质矿物自然硒的谱学研究

近期在湖北绿松石市场上出现一种带有肉眼可见的灰黑色异形杂质的绿松石,于此种绿松石的研究甚少。故选取来自湖北省十堰的一块该种绿松石原石,蓝色绿松石基底上布满形态各异、大小不一的灰黑色杂质,放大观察可见灰黑色杂质矿物呈金属光泽。对灰黑色杂质采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行原位微区微量元素测试、背散射电子图像物相观察、主量化学成分测试采用能谱仪进行半定量测试和电子探针定量测试以及显微激光拉曼光谱仪测试。灰黑色杂质矿物的LA-ICP-MS测试激光剥蚀束斑直径及深度的影响,测试结果表现为灰黑色杂质矿物和少量绿松石的混合物的化学成分含量,灰黑色杂质矿物处Se含量为95 927～221 394 μg·g-1明显高于蓝色基底绿松石中Se的含量（146～212 μg·g-1）,灰黑色杂质处的测试结果中CuO含量为7.47%～9.28%、Al₂O₃含量为28.1%～35.7%,P₂O₅含量为30.1%～37.8%为少量绿松石混杂产生;背散射电子图像表明杂质矿物结晶颗粒细小,细小的杂质矿物与绿松石混杂在一起,他形的杂质矿物为多个晶体集合在一起形成的集合体,能谱测试结果表明杂质矿物主要含有Al,P,Fe,Cu和Se,电子探针主量化学成分定量测试结果表明杂质矿物主要含有Se,含量为79.34%～87.97%,此外,由于杂质矿物结晶颗粒细小,杂质矿物集合体中可见杂质矿物与绿松石混杂,因此化学成分定量测试结果中还呈现有绿松石中的Al,P,Fe,Cu和Al含量约为0.93%～4.13%,Cu含量约为1.30%～2.04%,P含量约为0.66%～2.40%,Fe含量约为0.31%;杂质矿物的显微激光拉曼光谱峰为位于144和235 cm-1处的尖锐拉曼谱峰,结合化学成分谱学测试结果可鉴别该杂质矿物主要为自然硒。硒矿物是绿松石中新发现的杂质矿物,绿松石中杂质矿物自然硒的发现可以为珠宝从业者鉴别绿松石提供有效的鉴定依据。     

噻菌灵农药的表面增强拉曼光谱分析

利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术(SERS)分析噻菌灵农药的拉曼特征峰。采用微波法制备银溶胶表面增强基底,利用激光显微共焦拉曼光谱仪分别采集514.5和785 nm激发波长下的噻菌灵农药拉曼光谱,解析不同激发波长下的拉曼特征峰并进行比较。结果表明：不同激发波长下噻菌灵的拉曼峰强度和拉曼频移差异较大,514.5 nm激发波长下的782和1 012 cm-1最强,是C—H变形振动较强特征峰,而785 nm激发波长下的1 284,1 450和1 592 cm-1最强,是环振动和CN伸缩振动较强特征峰。对比分析各个激发波长下噻菌灵的SERS谱图,找到了噻菌灵农药的5个较强特征拉曼峰：782,1 012,1 284,1 450和1 592 cm-1。这些特征峰可作为食品及农产品中噻菌灵农药残留定性定量判别的依据。     

基于密度泛函理论的SF6分解特征组分激光拉曼特征频谱研究

六氟化硫(SF6)分解特征组分检测是判断气体绝缘设备早期潜伏性故障较有效的方法之一,通过监测分解特征组分的类型和浓度能够有效评估电气设备的运行状态,从而避免绝缘突发性事故。拉曼频谱分析技术可实现单一波长激光对气体样品进行无损检测,对SF6分解特征组分检测具有优异的适用性和高效性。针对4种SF6分解典型特征组分,以密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法建立了气体分子模型,采用6-311G(2df,p)基组对分子模型进行优化和拉曼频移特征仿真。同时,基于搭建的拉曼光谱实验平台,对相同含量的4种特征组分实现拉曼特征频谱检测。仿真结果表明密度泛函计算值和实测值与NIST标准值间具有良好的相关性,计算值中CF_(4)、CO、H_(2)S、SO_(2)的特征峰分别为908.97、2 221.11、2 688.82、1 175.24 cm^(-1),为用拉曼光谱实现SF6分解特征组分的定性和定量分析奠定了基础。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.