乙基曙红-溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水样中阴离子表面活性剂

在弱酸性的HAC-NaAC缓冲介质中,将溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)与乙基曙红(EE)染料溶液混合,加入阴离子表面活性剂(AS),溶液颜色加深,最大吸收波长都在516nm处,且阴离子表面活性剂的浓度与溶液的增色程度呈良好线性关系。在最大吸收波长处,3种阴离子表面活性剂——十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)及十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度分别在0~2.05×10-5mol/L、0~2.08×10-5mol/L、0~2.04×10-5mol/L范围内遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为2.38×104、2.82×104和2.98×104L/(mol.cm),检出限分别为8.42×10-7、4.56×10-7和7.95×10-7mol/L。方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性,用于不同水样中AS的测定,结果满意。     

曙红Y分光光度法测定阳离子表面活性剂及其机理研究

在弱酸性的HCl-NaAc缓冲介质中,阳离子表面活性剂(CS)与曙红Y(EY)染料反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显改变,最大褪色波长分别在514 nm(EY-CPB体系)、516 nm(EY-CTAB体系),同时在548 nm(CPB体系)、544 nm(CTAB体系)处有吸收峰,在褪色波长处阳离子表面活性剂的浓度与褪色程度呈良好线性关系,从而建立测定阳离子表面活性剂的光度法。在最大褪色波长处,CPB体系、CTAB体系中CS的浓度在0~4.79×10-5mol/L、0~2.90×10-5mol/L范围内遵守比尔定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.94×104、2.86×104L.mol-1.cm-1,检出限为8.97×10-7mol/L、7.87×10-7mol/L。若用双波长叠加,表观摩尔吸光系数达5.58×104、5.20×104L.mol-1.cm-1,检出限为5.87×10-7、6.25×10-7mol/L。方法适用于水样中CS的测定。本文还用密度泛函理论对反应机理进行了探讨。     

氨基黑10B褪色光度法测定两种阳离子表面活性剂及其作用机理

在弱酸性的乙酸盐介质中,阳离子表面活性剂(CS)与氨基黑10B(AB)染料反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显褪色,最大吸收在616 nm,CS的浓度在0~2.17×10-5mol.L-1(CPB)、0~2.09×10-5mol.L-1(CTMAB)范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.16×104L.mol-1.cm-1(CPB)、1.93×104L.mol-1.cm-1)(CTMAB),检出限为7.64×10-7mol.L-1(CPB)、1.31×10-6mol.L-1(CTMAB)。用于水样中CS的测定,还用密度泛函理论对反应机理进行了探讨,结果与试验事实相符合。     

依文思蓝光度法测定水样中阳离子表面活性剂

在弱酸性的NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲介质中,阳离子表面活性剂(CS)溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与依文思蓝(EB)染料反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显改变,最大褪色波长位于610 nm。在最大褪色波长处,CS的浓度与褪色程度呈良好线性关系,从而建立了测定阳离子表面活性剂的光度法。在最大褪色波长处,CS的浓度在5.0×10-7~2.46×10-5mol/L(EB-CPB)、9.0×10-7~3.36×10-5mol/L(EB-CTAB)范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.97×104L.mol-1.cm-1(EB-CPB)、1.25×104L.mol-1.cm-1(EB-CTAB),检出限为3.6×10-7mol/L(EB-CPB)、7.4×10-7mol/L(EB-CTAB)。本法用于水样中阳离子表面活性剂的测定,结果满意。     

溴甲酚紫分光光度法测定水中的阴离子表面活性剂

在pH=2的酸性条件下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)阴离子表面活性剂能与溴甲酚紫直接缔合,生成浅黄色缔合物;据此建立了测定水中SDBS阴离子表面活性剂的分光光度法.结果表明,生成的浅黄色缔合物的最大吸收波长为436nm,SDBS的表观摩尔吸光系数为1.68×104 L·mol-1·cm-1;SDBS的浓度在0²mg·L-1范围内时遵循比尔定律.该方法可方便地用于测定水样中的痕量阴离子表面活性剂,效果良好.     

溴甲酚紫、溴甲酚绿光度法测定阿昔洛韦

在pH 3.30的NH2CH2COOH-NaCl-HCl缓冲介质中,阿昔洛韦(Aciclovir,ACV)可与溴甲酚紫(BCP)、溴甲酚绿(BCG)反应,形成离子缔合物,溶液颜色发生明显变化,其最大褪色波长分别为428 nm(BCP-ACV)、450 nm(BCG-ACV),在此波长处,阿昔洛韦的浓度与溶液褪色程度呈良好线性关系,可用分光光度法测定。在BCP-ACV、BCG-ACV体系的最大褪色波长处,ACV的浓度分别在0~2.69×10-5mol/L、0~2.58×10-5mol/L范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为2.53×104L.mol-1.cm-1、1.79×104L.mol-1.cm-1,检出限分别为5.10×10-7mol/L、7.13×10-7mol/L。方法用于药品、血浆及尿液中阿昔洛韦的测定,结果满意。     

DBC-偶氮氯膦固相光度法测定稀土元素铈,铕,钇

在2 mol/L HCl介质中,Ce(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),Y(Ⅲ)与DBC-偶氮氯膦形成的络合物吸附到201×7型强碱性苯乙烯阴离子树脂上。最大吸收波长Ce(Ⅲ)络合物为648 nm,Eu(Ⅲ)络合物为650 nm,Y(Ⅲ)络合物为650 nm。Ce(Ⅲ)络合物表观摩尔吸光系数为6ε48 nm=9.6×104L.mol-1.cm-1,Eu(Ⅲ)络合物表观摩尔吸光系数为6ε50 nm=1.51×105L.mol-1.cm-1,Y(Ⅲ)络合物表观摩尔吸光系数为6ε50 nm=5.6×104L.mol-1.cm-1。固相光度法测定Ce(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),Y(Ⅲ)质量浓度在0~0.48μg/mL范围内与吸光度值呈良好线性关系。该法可用于分子筛中Ce的测定。     

痕量间苯二酚的 KBrO3-KBr 紫外分光光度法测定

研究了 HCl溶液中 KBrO3-KBr紫外分光光度法测定间苯二酚的条件，建立了测定痕量间苯二酚的方法。结果表明，在 0.6 mol/L HCl-4× 10-5 mol/L KBrO3-6× 10-4 mol/L KBr-6× 10-4 mol/L KI溶液中测定间苯二酚，其线性范围为 0.2～ 4.0 mg/L，表观摩尔吸光系数为 2.34× 104 L· mol-1· cm-1， Sandell灵敏度为 0.004 7 μ g/cm2。该法用于自制废水中间苯二酚的测定，获得满意结果。     

KBrO3-KBr紫外分光光度法测定痕量苯酚

研究了在盐酸介质中以 KBrO3-KBr 紫外分光光度法测定痕量苯酚的条件,在浓度为 0.6mol/L HCl,3×10-5mol/L KBrO3,5×10-4mol/L KBr,6×10-4mol/L KI 溶液中测定苯酚时,线性范围为 0.10～2.5mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.89×104L·mol-1·cm-1,Sandell 指数为 4.98μg/cm2.本法已用于测定废水中苯酚.     

依文思蓝光度法测定阿昔洛韦及其分析应用

在pH 5.74 HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中, 阿昔洛韦(ACV)与依文思蓝(EB)反应形成离子缔合物, 溶液颜色发生明显改变, 最大褪色波长为638 nm. 在此波长处, 阿昔洛韦的浓度与褪色程度呈良好线性关系, 从而建立测定阿昔洛韦的光度法. 在最大褪色波长处, 阿昔洛韦的浓度在0～2.01×10-5 mol/L范围内遵守比尔定律, 表观摩尔吸光系数1.71×104 L·mol-1·cm-1, 检出限为7.47×10-7 mol/L. 方法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性, 可用于实际药品、血浆及尿液中阿昔洛韦的测定.     

Shear and extensional rheology of solutions of mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) and anionic surfactants in ionic environments

Interactions between a high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in aqueous solutions were investigated by shear and extensional rheometry. Results for mixtures between PEO and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are also presented for comparison purposes. Addition of anionic surfactants to PEO solutions above the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), at which micellar aggregates attach to the polymer chain, results in an increase in shear viscosity due to PEO coil expansion, and a strengthening of interchain interactions. In extensional flows, these interactions result in a decrease of the critical shear rate for the onset of the characteristic extension thickening of the PEO solutions that is due to transient entanglements of polymer molecules. The relaxation times associated with these transient entanglements are not directly proportional to the shear viscosity of the solutions, but rather vary more rapidly with surfactant concentration. In the presence of an electrolyte, coil contraction results in lower shear viscosities and a decrease in the extension thickening effects at surfactant concentrations just beyond the CAC. The relaxation times associated with transient entanglement reach a minimum at the same surfactant concentration as the shear viscosity, which indicates that coil contraction is responsible for the observed effects in both types of flow. However, the increase in extensional-flow entanglement relaxation times is much more abrupt than the decrease in shear viscosity. All these results point to a greater sensitivity of extensional flows on the molecular conformation of PEO/surfactant complexes.     

胶束增敏法测定盐酸左氧氟沙星的研究

研究了盐酸左氧氟沙星（OFLX）在胶束体系中的荧光性质,发现十二烷基硫酸钠对OFLX有较强的增敏作用,据此建立了胶束增敏荧光光谱法测定痕量OFLX的新方法。其线性范围为0～1．00μg/mL,检出限为4．73ng／mL。     

胶束增敏荧光光谱法测定吡哌酸

采用不同表面活性剂对吡哌酸在胶束体系中的荧光性质进行了研究，发现在酸性介质中十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对吡哌酸有较强的增敏作用，据此建立了胶束增敏荧光光谱法测定吡哌酸的新方法。方法线性范围为0．07-0．36μg／mL，检出限为0.04μg／mL，平均回收率为98．6％-101．3％，相对标准偏差为1．1％-1．2％。样品测定结果令人满意。     

亚甲蓝与十二烷基硫酸钠变色反应光谱机理

为从分子水平认识亚甲蓝(MB)分子与大分子之间相互作用机理,应用吸收光谱法研究了MB与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)之间相互作用机理,考察了乙醇、氯化钠、羟丙基-β-环糊精以及Triton X-100对相互作用的影响。结果表明:MB与SDS之间能发生相互作用形成复合物产生变色反应,乙醇等对相互作用都有影响。认为MB与SDS变色反应机理是在MB与SDS大分子间发生静电相互作用基础上,结合在SDS有序集合体上MB分子定向聚集所引起的。     

利尿剂的胶束色谱分析

用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）胶束溶液作为流动相，建立了11种利尿剂的胶束色谱系统分析方法；研究了SDS浓度、流动相的pH、有机改性剂及温度对色谱保留行为的影响，优化了色谱条件，并且不经化学处理直接进样测定了人尿中的烯睾丙内酯；该法适用于兴奋剂中利尿剂的常规分析。     

A Simple and Highly Selective Determination of Telmisartan at Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Modified Pyrolytic Graphite Surface

A simple, facile, selective and cost effective electrochemical method is proposed for the determination of telmisartan (TMS); a drug used for hypertension. A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG) is prepared by simple immersion of EPPG in SDS solution at concentration greater than critical micelle concentration (CMC). The modified sensor exhibited superior sensing properties towards the oxidation of TMS. The modified surface was characterized by using the Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The quantitative investigations of the TMS were performed by applying the square wave voltammetry. The micelles of SDS form a pseudo complex with cation radical of TMS and catalyse the oxidation. The proposed sensor shows the linear calibration plot in the concentration range of 5–100 μM with sensitivity 0.2983 μA/μM and the limit of the detection of the sensor was found to be 0.082 μM. The specificity of the developed sensor was also evaluated in the presence of commonly present interfering substances in biological samples. The amount of TMS excreted in urine of the patients undergoing treatment has also been determined. The proposed method can be effectively applied for the investigation of TMS in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.     

Evaluation of the combinative application of SDS and sodium deoxycholate to the LC–MS‐based shotgun analysis of membrane proteomes

SDS and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) as two representative detergents have been widely used in LC–MS/MS‐based shotgun analysis of membrane proteomes. However, some inherent disadvantages limit their applications such as interference with MS analysis or their weak ability to disrupt membranes. To address this, the combinative application of SDS and SDC was developed and evaluated in our study, which comprehensively used the strong ability of SDS to lyse membranes and solubilize hydrophobic membrane proteins, and the high efficiencies of an optimized acetone precipitation method and SDC in sample clean‐up, protein recovery, and redissolution and digestion of precipitated proteins. The comparative study using a rat‐liver‐membrane‐enriched sample showed that, compared with other three commonly used methods including the filter‐aided sample preparation strategy, the combinative method not only increased the identified number of total proteins, membrane proteins, and integral membrane proteins by an average of 19.8, 23.9, and 24.8%, respectively, but also led to the identification of the highest number of matching peptides. All these results demonstrate that the method yielded better recovery and reliability in the identification of the proteins especially highly hydrophobic integral membrane proteins than the other three methods, and thereby has more potential in shotgun membrane proteomics.     

可见吸收光谱线型参数分析法测定十二烷基硫酸钠临界胶束浓度

于浓度相同的结晶紫（CV）溶液中，加入不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）组成一系列含有相同浓度CV和不同浓度SDS的混合溶液。在可见光区内对每一混合溶液测定其吸收值时，可见随SDS浓度的逐步递增，在CV-单聚体吸收峰的吸收值逐渐减少；而在CV-二聚体吸收峰的吸收值逐渐增加，且随CV-二聚体浓度增加而出现的CV-二聚体与CV-单聚体的吸收光谱线相互严重重叠，光谱形状也发生渐变。运用分光光度计所配备的Origin 7．5软件中储存的高斯多峰拟合法，可自动进行重叠光谱的解析和各光谱参数（包括y0，A1，A2，ω1，ω2，xc1及xc2）的拟合计算。文中还证示，每一参数与SDS浓度之间有明显的相关性，在两者之间所作的曲线上可找到明显的转折点，与转折点相对应的、在横坐标上的SDS浓度值即为SDS的临界胶束浓度（CMC）值。文中首次报道了用吸收光谱的半峰宽对SDS浓度作图所得曲线上的转折点求得SDS的CMC值。     

胶束增敏荧光法测定盐酸沙拉沙星

在pH 5.3的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠能够敏化盐酸沙拉沙星的荧光,使λex=335 nnq、λem=450 nm的荧光增强.盐酸沙拉沙星质量浓度在0.10～6.99 mg/L范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,方法检出限为9.16μg/L.6次平行测定方法回收率为91.8%～107.2%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～3.7%.常见金属离子及药物敷料对测定无干扰,不经分离直接用于兽药中盐酸沙拉沙星的测定.     

Physicochemical study of ovalbumin in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate in aqueous media

The interactions of sodium dodecyl sulphate with ovalbumin in aqueous solution at room temperature are described for a wide concentration range of both substances. A phase diagram covering a wide range of concentrations shows a total of five different morphologies. Dynamic light scattering of the samples from each morphology offered better understanding of the different structures (between three and four) present in the solution. The amount of ovalbumin present in the solution was confirmed with differential scanning spectroscopy, while the interactions between sodium dodecyl sulphate and ovalbumin were interpreted by zeta potential and electrical conductivity measurements.