螯合-螯合-中性萃取剂三元协萃UO~2(NO~3)~2的研究

自从Blake发现协萃效应以来,协萃效应已得到广泛深入的研究,并已有专著予以评述,但对三元协萃体系的研究工作并不多,特别是两种螯合萃取剂与一种中性萃取剂的三元协萃体系未见报道.本文对UO_2~(2+)针/0.5mol·dm~(-3)HNO_3/PMBP-TTA-TBP-CHCl_3三元协萃体系进行了研究,测定了协萃配合物(四元混合配合物)的组成,并求得它们的协萃平衡常数。     

无机阴离子对协萃体系机理的影响(HPMBP与三辛胺协同萃取镨(Ⅲ)及钕(Ⅲ))

本文研究了在以甲苯为溶剂用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑酮-5(HPMBP,HA)与液体离于交换剂三辛胺(TOA,B)无机酸盐体系协同萃取镨(Ⅲ)及钕(Ⅲ)。旨在探索其协萃机理。发现无机阴离子不同协萃机理不同。     

2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯和二(2-乙基己基)磷酸从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)的研究

研究了用2-乙基己基膦酸单-2-乙基己基酯(HEH/EHP,P507)和二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(HDEHP,P204)从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)的机制.结果表明:在HEH/EHP的摩尔分散在0.6时,体系的协萃系数最大.Ce(Ⅳ)以Ce(SO4)0.5HL2A2的形式被萃人有机相,协萃反应为阳离子交换机制.同时还得到了HEH/EHP和HDEHP从硫酸介质中协同萃取Ce(Ⅳ)时,体系的平衡常数及热力学函数如△G,△H和△S等.     

酸性磷类萃取剂在硫酸介质中对Y(Ⅲ)的协萃机制研究

对HDEHP(H2A2),HEH/EHP(H2B2),Cyanex272(H2L2)萃取剂在硫酸介质中单独以及HDEHP-HEH/EHP和HDEHP-Cyanex272混合萃取剂萃取稀土元素Y(Ⅲ)的机制进行了研究. 研究发现,单独采用HDEHP和HEH/EHP萃取Y(Ⅲ)时,SO2-4参与了反应,造成反应过程中放出的H 个数随萃取剂浓度的变化而变化,对于单独采用Cyanex272萃取Y(Ⅲ)的过程中则是OH-参与了反应. 计算了混合萃取剂萃取Y(Ⅲ)的协萃系数(R),当水相平衡pH=1.2时,HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取体系与HDEHP和Cyanex272混合萃取体系萃取Y(Ⅲ)的R分别为27.68和48.99,并且协萃系数随水相平衡pH的升高而增加. 确定了在HDEHP和HEH/EHP混合萃取体系中的协萃反应并计算了反应的平衡常数及萃合物形成反应的稳定常数,反应机制为阳离子交换反应.     

甲基膦酸二甲庚酯与伯胺N1923对锌（Ⅱ）的协同萃取

本文研究了甲基膦酸二甲庚酯(P_(350))与伯胺N_(1923)的正庚烷溶液在(Na,H)Cl介质中对Zn(Ⅱ)的协同萃取。用等摩尔系列法和斜率法以及IR和~1H NMR确定了协萃配合物的组成为(PNH_3Cl)_(3/2)·ZnCl_2·P_(350),协萃反应平衡常数1gK_(BC)=2.10,协萃配合物的生成常数1gβ=0.46,计算了协萃反应的热力学函数,还从萃取剂的结构探讨了中性磷酸酯在协萃过程中的作用。     

螯合萃取和协同萃取的溶剂效应

本文测定了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑啉酮-5(HPZL)-Zn²⁺萃取体系在不同溶剂中的萃取平衡常数以及其他几个协萃体系的协萃平衡常数,结果列于表4～8.证实惰性溶剂对萃取平衡常数的影响可以近似地用正规溶液理论解释,非惰性溶剂的影响则和它们的配位作用有关.对于协萃体系,协萃平衡常数β_n0k⁰随溶剂不同有很大变化,其中中性协萃剂活度系数的变化起重要作用.     

二元中性体系对金(Ⅲ)的协同萃取研究 Ⅱ. TBP+DPSO的苯溶液协萃金(Ⅲ)及其机理

本文研究磷酸三丁酯(TBP)与二苯基亚砜(DPSO)组成的二元中性体系(B-B体系)在HCl介质中对金(Ⅲ)的萃取行为,发现该体系有明显的协同萃取效应。用斜率法和紫外光谱法确定了协萃配合物的组成为H_3O~+·2TBP·DPSO·yH_2O……AuCl_4~-·HCl。协萃反应的平衡常数log K_(1,2)~′=3.33。对协萃反应的机理和可能的结构也进行了讨论。     

HPMTFP与1,10—菲罗啉(Phen)等中性萃取剂对Co(Ⅱ)的协同萃取

本文研究了以1-苯基-3-甲基-4-4-三氟乙酰基吡唑啉酮-5(HPMTFP)与1,10菲罗啉(Phen)。三辛基氧磷(TOPO)、三苯基氧磷(Ph_3PO)、三丁基磷酸酯(TBP)和二戊基亚砜(DASO)的氯仿溶液对CO(Ⅱ)的协同萃取.协萃图上发现,HPMTFP与Phen协萃效应显著,与TOPO、Ph_3PO协萃效应较小,而与TBP、DASO基本上无协萃效应.本文由协萃图数据斜率分析和求协萃反应平衡常数的方法,推断萃合物组成为Co(PMTFP)_2·B(B分别为Phen、TOPO、Ph_3PO),求得的各协萃反应的平衡常数如下:Co~(2+)+2HPMTFP_(0)+Phen_(0) Co(PMTFP)_2·Phen_(0)+2H~+ β_(12)=9.57Co~(2+)+2HPMTFP_(0)+TOPO_(0) Co(PMTFP)_2·TOPO_(0)+2H~+ β_(12)=9.56×10~(-3)Co~(2+)+2HPMTFP_(0)+PH_3PO_(0) Co(PMTFP)_2·PH_3PO_(0)+2H~+ β_(12)=5.01×10~(-3)根据模拟萃合物Co(PMTFP)_2·2C_2H_5OH和萃合物Co(PMTFP)_2·Phen的单晶X-射线结构研究结果,讨论了萃合物的结构和产生协萃效应的原因。     

伯胺N_(1923)与中性磷萃取剂对Zn(Ⅱ)的协同萃取

本文研究了仲碳伯胺N_(1923)与中性磷萃取剂的正庚烷溶液,从盐酸介质中对Zn(Ⅱ)的协同萃取。用斜率法及等摩尔系列法确定协萃配合物的组成为:(RNH_3Cl)_3·ZnCl_2·TBP、(RNH_3Cl)_2·ZnCl_2·DBBP,求得协萃反应的平衡常数分别为logK_(12)(TBP)=3.09,logK_(12)(DBBP)=2.90,协萃配合物的生成常数分别为logβ_(12)(TBP)=1.34,logβ_(12)(DBBP)=1.90.计算了协萃反应的热力学函数值,并对协萃配合物的IR、NMR谱进行了讨论。     

硫酸根阴离子对HPMBP及TOA协同萃取镨(Ⅲ)及钕(Ⅲ)的影晌

本文研究了硫酸根阴离子对1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑酮-5(HPMBP,HL)及三辛胺(TOA)协同萃取镨(Ⅲ)及钕(Ⅲ)的影响。发现在SO₄^2-体系中协萃机理为: c="http://www.rhhz.net/qikantupian/WJHXXB-19900116-89-2.gif" /> 式中Ln³⁺=Pr³⁺或Nd³⁺,下标“o”指示有机相中物种,无下标指示水相中物种。固体萃合物的红外光谱及元素分析数据确证了上述机理。     

五氯亚硝酰合铱酸根[Ir(NO)Cl5][-]在盐酸-磷酸三丁酯体系中的萃取行为

铱在萃取过程中的行为与其存在状态有关.王水溶解含铱物料有[Ir(NO)Cl_5]~-生成,亚硝酸盐配位法分离贵金属时,盐酸酸化可使[Ir(NO_2)_6]~(3-)转变为[Ir(NO)Cl_5]~-。[Jr(NO)Cl_5]~-在溶液中的变化极其复杂,它在冶金过程中必然影响到有关的分离.本文研究[Ir(NO)Cl_5]~-在盐酸-磷酸三丁酯(TBP)体系中的萃取行为,寻求最佳萃取条件.     

螯合-酸性磷萃取剂对铀(VI)的协同萃取

本文研究了螯合-酸性磷协同萃取体系─1-苯基-3-甲基-4-(2'-氯苯甲酰基)-5-吡唑啉酮(PMCBP)与磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(HDEHP)和2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯(HEHEHP)的氯仿溶液从硫酸介质中对铀(VI)的萃取。实验发现均有明显的协同效应存在。采用斜率法测定了协萃配合物的组成为UO2HA2X和UO2HA2HXX'的混合物, 计算了它们的萃取平衡常数, 讨论了协萃机理。     

磷酸三丁酯萃取苯酚的研究

溶剂萃取法处理含酚废水一般选用醋酸丁酯.甲基异丁基酮和异丙醚等N,N,-二甲基庚基乙酰胺(N503)萃取酚已得到实际应用,但酮类水溶性较大,醋酸丁酯等萃取酚的分配系数不及取代酰胺类,常用萃取剂磷酸三丁酯(TBP)也具有良好的萃取脱酚性能,已有磷类萃取剂萃取酚的报道.本文考虑了TBP萃取苯酚的性能,通过在不同温度下分配比的测定,求得萃取反应的热力学函数.用斜率法.连续变量法研究了萃合物的组成,并根据IR和1H NMR讨论了萃取过程与萃合物的结构.     

铀的三元协萃规律研究-HTTA-HPMBA-(C8H5)4AsCl三元协萃高氯酸铀酰的机理

本文研究α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA),1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5吡唑啉酮(HPMBP)与四苯基砷氯(C5H5)4AsCl的氯仿溶液从高氯酸中萃取U(VI).该体系属螯合,离子缔合AAC类,测定了其二元及三元协同萃取体系平衡常数.用亚甲基蓝光度法测定了萃合物中ClO4^-的存在,用斜率法确定二元协萃物组成为(C6H5)4As^+[UO2(ClO4)(TTA)2]^-和C6H5)4As^+[UO2(ClO4)(PMBP)2]^-三元协萃配合物为(C6H5)4As^+[UO2(ClO4)(TTA)(PMBP)]^-.     

Uranyl extraction by beta-diketonate ligands to SC-CO2: theoretical studies on the effect of ligand fluorination and on the synergistic effect of TBP

We report theoretical investigations on the effect of H --> F substitution in acetylacetonate ligands in order to understand why fluorination promotes the extraction of uranyl to supercritical CO(2) with a marked synergistic effect of tri-n-butyl phosphate "TBP". The neutral LH and deprotonated L(-) forms of the ligand, and the uranyl complexes UO(2)L(2) and UO(2)L(2)S (S = H(2)O versus trimethyl phosphate "TMP" which mimics TBP) are studied by quantum mechanics (QM) in the gas phase, whereas the ligands LH and their UO(2)L(2) and UO(2)L(2)S complexes are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) in SC-CO(2) solution as well as at a CO(2)-water interface. Several effects are found to favor F ligands over the H ligands. (i) First, intrinsically (in the gas phase), the complexation reaction 2 LH + UO(2)(2+) --> UO(2)L(2) is more exothermic for the F ligands, mainly due to their higher acidity, compared to the H ligands. (ii) The unsaturated UO(2)L(2) complexes with F ligands bind more strongly TMP than H(2)O, thus preferentially leading to the UO(2)L(2)(TMP) complex, more hydrophobic than UO(2)L(2)(H(2)O). (iii) Molecular dynamics simulations of SC-CO(2) solutions show that the F ligands and their UO(2)L(2) and UO(2)L(2)S complexes are better solvated than their H analogues, and that the UO(2)L(2)(TBP) complex with F ligands is the most CO(2)-philic. (iv) Concentrated solutions of UO(2)L(2)(TBP) complexes at the CO(2)-water interface display an equilibrium between adsorbed and extracted species, and the proportion of extracted species is larger with F- than with H- ligands, in agreement with experimental observations. Thus, TBP plays a dual synergistic role: its co-complexation by UO(2)L(2) yields a hydrophobic and CO(2)-philic complex suitable for extraction, whereas TBP in excess at the interface facilitates the migration of the complex to the supercritical phase.     

二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸在不同稀释剂中对钼(VI)的萃取

考察了Mo(VI)在盐酸水相与-二(2-乙基己基)磷酸的不同稀释有机相间的分配平衡,观察到萃取平稀常数按正辛烷、四氯化碳、苯、氯信、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、甲基异丁基酮的次序递减,萃合物的组成也按这一顺序呈现规律性变化.文中将这些结果与稀释剂性进行了关联,得到萃取平衡常数与稀释剂的极性参数E~T间良好的线性关系.此外,本文还提出了H~2MoO~4的酸、碱式解离常数分别为0.158和1.21×10^13.     

Uranium dioxide in ionic liquid with a tri-n-butylphosphate-HNO3 complex--dissolution and coordination environment

Uranium dioxide can be dissolved directly in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) at room temperature with a tri-n-butylphosphate(TBP)-HNO(3) complex. The dissolution process follows pseudo first-order kinetics initially. Raman spectroscopic studies show the dissolved uranyl ions are coordinated with TBP in the IL phase with a molar ratio of (UO(2))(2+) : TBP = 1 : 2. The dissolved uranyl species can be effectively transferred to a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (sc-CO(2)) phase. No aqueous phase is formed in either the IL dissolution or the supercritical fluid extraction process. Absorption spectra of the extracted uranyl species in the sc-CO(2) phase suggests the presence of a UO(2)(TBP)(2)(NO(3))(2) and HNO(3) adduct probably of the form UO(2)(TBP)(2)(NO(3))(2)·HNO(3). The adduct dissociates in a water-dodecane trap solution during pressure reduction resulting in UO(2)(TBP)(2)(NO(3))(2) collected in the dodecane phase.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯萃取稀土元素机理的研究 II: HEH(EHP)从硫酸溶液中萃取Er(III)的平衡反应

本文研究了HEH(EHP)的正辛烷溶液从硫酸介质中萃取铒的平衡规律. 在不同酸度条件时可进行铒(III)的萃取反应, 获得ErL3.mH2O固体络合物, 用红外、核磁和斜率法、饱和法等讨论了不同硫酸浓度区和萃取平衡反应.     

Spectroscopic evidence for the direct coordination of the pertechnetate anion to the uranyl cation in [UO2(TcO4)(DPPMO2)2]+

We report the synthesis and structural characterization of [UO(2)(ReO(4))(DPPMO(2))(2)][ReO(4)] and [UO(2)(Cl)(DPPMO(2))(2)][Cl] (where DPPMO(2) = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane dioxide). In both complexes, the linear uranyl dication is coordinated to two bidentate DPPMO(2) ligands in the equatorial plane with one coordinated and one non-coordinated anion (either perrhenate or chloride). We have also prepared the pertechnetate analogue, and, through (31)P and (99)Tc NMR, we have shown that the cation, [UO(2)(TcO(4))(DPPMO(2))(2)](+), is stable in solution.     

Uranyl nitrate complex extraction into TBP/dodecane organic solutions: a molecular dynamics study

Liquid-liquid extraction of uranyl is studied by conducting atomistic molecular dynamics simulation using quantum chemistry calibrated force fields via restrained electrostatic potential fitting of atomic forces. The simulations depict the migration of uranyl nitrate complexes from the aqueous-organic interface into the tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)/dodecane organic phase, in the form of UO(2)(NO(3))(2)·H(2)O·2TBP and UO(2)(NO(3))(2)·3TBP. The migration process is characterized by the gradual breaking of all the hydrogen bonds between the complex and the water molecules at the interface. Moreover, our simulation results suggest that the experimentally observed complex UO(2)(NO(3))(2)·2TBP is formed after the migration of the aforementioned complexes into the organic phase by means of a reorganization of the nitrate binding mode from mono to bidentate which removes the excess oxygen atoms bound to uranyl.