取代-苄氧基吲哚-3-甲醛-(4''''-硝基)苯腙的合成

以取代苄氧基吲哚-3-甲醛和4-硝基苯肼为原料,乙醇为溶剂,通过缩合脱水反应合成了4个新化合物--取代苄氧基吲哚-3-甲醛-(4'-硝基)苯腙,其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征.     

取代-苄氧基吲哚-3-甲醛-（4′-硝基）苯腙的合成

以取代苄氧基吲哚-3-甲醛和4-硝基苯肼为原料,乙醇为溶剂,通过缩合脱水反应合成了4个新化合物——取代苄氧基吲哚-3-甲醛-(4′-硝基)苯腙,其结构经1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征。     

新型取代吲哚-3-甲醇类衍生物的合成

以取代吲哚为原料,经维尔斯迈尔-哈克反应制得取代吲哚-3-甲醛,再通过DMSO/NaOH体系制得N-取代吲哚-3-甲醛(3a~3g);3a~3g经Na BH4还原合成了7个未见文献报道的取代吲哚-3-甲醇类衍生物(4a~4g),其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和MS表征。     

N-(3-吲哚甲酰基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯的结构鉴定

为研究吲哚衍生物的生理活性,对吲哚进行三氯乙酰化、并与β-丙氨酸甲酯缩合,合成了含吲哚环氨基酸甲酯.通过1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析对产物结构进行了鉴定,确证其为N-(3-吲哚甲酰基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯.     

3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3'-基氧化吲哚的立体选择性合成

以10 mol%(R,R)-环己二胺衍生的手性双功能硫脲叔胺(4b)为催化剂,3'-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚与α-氨基砜为原料,经3'-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚与原位生成的N-Boc芳香醛亚胺的不对称Mannich反应,合成了20个3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3'-基氧化吲哚类化合物(3a~3t),分离收率54%~98%,dr值90∶10~99∶1,其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。     

双吲哚马来酰亚胺硫脲化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

基于双吲哚马来酰亚胺化合物和硫脲化合物的结构及多样的生物活性,通过1-氨基-3,4-二(吲哚-3-基)-3-吡咯啉-2,5-二酮与异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了17种新的3,4-二(吲哚-3-基)-2,5-二酮-1-吡咯亚胺硫脲类化合物,化合物的结构通过1H NMR、13C NMR、HRMS等进行了表征。该系列化合物的初步抗肿瘤活性测试表明,它们都对细胞周期分裂蛋白25B(CDC 25B)表现出良好的抑制活性(大部分化合物的抑制率在96%以上),具有潜在的抗肿瘤活性及应用价值。     

新型5-取代吲哚-3-甲酰胺化合物的合成

以5-取代吲哚为原料,经维尔斯迈尔-哈克反应制得5-取代吲哚-3-甲醛(2a~2e); 2a~2e在DMF催化下,与盐酸羟胺反应制得5-取代吲哚-3-甲腈（3a~3e）; 3a~3e在H₂O₂和NaOH溶液中水解合成了5-取代吲哚-3-甲酰胺（4a~4e, 4b~4e为新化合物）,产率62.0%~75.0%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和ESI-MS表征。     

无溶剂、无催化剂条件下5-[(3-吲哚基)-芳甲基]-2,2-二甲基- 1,3-二氧六环-4,6-二酮的合成

在无溶剂和催化剂条件下,由芳香醛、吲哚、丙二酸亚异丙酯的三组分缩合反应,制备了5-[(3-吲哚基)-芳甲基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环-4,6-二酮,产率为70%～85%,产物结构经1H NMR,IR确证.     

有机催化合成吲哚取代吡咯酮双功能骨架化合物

吲哚及其衍生物和吡咯烷酮都是非常重要的活性骨架,以3-甲基吲哚和苯乙烯基吡咯二酮为起始原料,基于Michael加成反应,实现了含有吲哚骨架和吡咯烷酮骨架化合物的合成;通过对一系列催化剂的筛选,最终确定了以三氟甲基磺酸为最优催化剂,并以85%的收率得到目标产物,其结构经过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR确定.     

金催化的吲哚与末端炔烃的分子间烷基化反应

尝试了用金(Au)催化吲哚和炔烃的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应, 具体探讨了金(I)配合物催化吲哚与末端炔烃的烷基化反应的条件, 并制备了一系列尚未见文献报道的双取代β-吲哚烷基化衍生物. 产物的结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS和元素分析确证. 并对其反应机理可能性进行了推测.     

Highly efficient synthesis of 3-indolyl-substituted phthalides via Friedel-Crafts reactions in water

An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of 3-indolyl-substituted phthalides via Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with 2-formylbenzoic acids in pure water has been developed. The reaction affords a wide range of 3-indolyl-substituted phthalides in good to excellent yields.     

1H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy analysis of Ligusticum porteri rhizome extracts

The presence of dimeric phthalides and other constituents in extracts of the vegetal species Ligusticum porteri was established by NMR spectroscopy. In comparative qualitative ¹H NMR analyses of acetone extracts of rhizomes from fresh and dried L. porteri samples, we found that the dimeric phthalides tokinolide B (3), diligustilide (4) and riligustilide (5) were naturally produced by the plant and not post‐harvest products. We also obtained DOSY ¹H NMR data that provided both virtual separation and structural information for the phthalides present in a dry acetone extract of L. porteri. In addition, we developed a protocol for the quantification of dimeric phthalides, which is performed by calculating the relative ratio of the peak area of selected proton signals for some compounds with respect to the known signal of the internal standard, 4‐dimethylaminopyridine. The protocol allows the rapid and direct quantification of dimeric phthalides and others constituents in fresh L. porteri rhizomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unprecedented Diastereoselective Arylogous Michael Addition of Unactivated Phthalides

The first highly enantioselective arylogous Michael reaction (AMR) of 3-unsubstituted phthalides has been described. This phase-transfer methodology, which uses catalytic amounts of KOH/18-crown-6 catalyst in mesitylene in the presence of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA), gives access to a broad range of 3-monosubstituted phthalides with high levels of syn diastereoselectivity and good yields, starting from 3-unsubstituted derivatives and diverse α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction also applies to unactivated 3-alkyl phthalides to afford 3,3-dialkyl derivatives. A plausible mechanism has been suggested. DFT analysis of possible transition states gives a rationale of the high syn diastereoselectivity observed and its correlation with the solvent's dielectric constant.     

Expeditious synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and phthalides using the Heck-Matsuda reaction

Several 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and phthalides were synthesized by an effective Heck-Matsuda reaction involving an ortho carboxybenzenediazonium salt with a series of styrenes bearing electron donating and electron withdrawing groups, methylvinyl ketone, and methyl acrylate. The reaction was carried out in an open-flask with 1% mol of palladium acetate in aqueous ethanol at ∼80 °C, giving the correspondent 3-aryl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and phthalides with good overall yields. The electronic nature of the group attached to the olefin is a key feature for the regioselectivity of the cyclization step.     

Ruthenium (II)-catalyzed synthesis of phthalides via the cascade addition and cyclization of aromatic acids with aldehydes

The ruthenium-catalyzed intermolecular cascade cyclization of aromatic acids with aromatic aldehydes, which involves the direct insertion of C–H bond into a polar C=O bond and the successive intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, was developed for the synthesis of 3-substituted phthalides in good to excellent yields. This one-pot procedure characterizes in a short reaction time, the cheaper Ru(II) as a catalyst, readily available acids and aldehydes as starting materials, and water as the only theoretical by-product.These merits make the protocol an efficient and cost-effective route for the synthesis of 3-substituted phthalides.     

Quinine-derived thiourea promoted enantioselective Michael addition reactions of 3-substituted phthalides to maleimides

A highly diastereoselective and enantioselective Michael addition/desymmetrization reaction of maleimides with prochiral 3-substituted phthalides catalyzed by quinine-derived bifunctional thiourea was realized. A broad range of the 3,3′-disubstituted phthalides bearing vicinal quaternary-tertiary stereogenic centers were synthesized in moderate to good yields(up to 96%) with high diastereoselectivities(up to 19:1 dr) and enantioselectivities(up to 96:4 er).     

Synthesis of phthalides and 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins using the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular benzannulation strategy

A novel method for the synthesis of phthalides and 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins via the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular benzannulation of bis-enyne and enyne-diyne systems is described. Various kinds of substituted phthalides 9 and 17 and 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins 19 were synthesized from 8, 16, and 18, respectively, in moderate to excellent yields. The benzannulation reaction proceeded chemoselectively to give the corresponding fused ring compounds A without the formation of the regioisomeric products B (eq 6). Furthermore, this methodology was applied to the synthesis of biologically active 3-n-butylphthalide 23.     

Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation of Aromatic and Vinylic Carboxylic Acids with Allenes: An Efficient Method Towards Vinyl‐Substituted Phthalides and 2‐Furanones

A highly regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted phthalides from aryl carboxylic acids and allenes using a rhodium(III) catalyst has been demonstrated. The reaction features broad functional group tolerance and provides a simple and straightforward route to the synthesis of various 3‐vinyl‐substituted phthalides. Furthermore, the catalytic reaction can also be applied to the synthesis of biologically active 5‐vinyl‐substituted 2‐furanones from α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and allenes. The reactions proceed through a carboxylate‐assisted ortho‐C?H activation and [4+1] annulation. The preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a C?H cleavage is the rate‐determining step.     

Synthesis and spectral properties of phthalimidines and phthalides

Alkaline hydrolysis of substituted 2-cyanocinnamic acids leads to the corresponding substituted 3-carboxymethylpthalimidines; acid hydrolysis of the same acids results in the formation of phthalides with an analogous structure. NMR and mass spectrometric data are examined critically.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 472–476, April, 1992.     

Ru-catalyzed synthesis of substituted phthalides through C–H bond activation and functionalization

Synthesis of substituted phthalides through a ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of phthalic anhydrides with acrylates is described. The reaction proceeds via CH bond activation and leads to the formation of vinylated phthalides through a successive double vinylation accompanied by decarboxylation and annulation reactions.