直接进样–超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定水源水中9种农药

建立直接进样–超高效液相色谱三重四级杆质谱联用(UPLC–MS–MS)快速测定水源水中9种痕量农药残留的方法。水样无需富集,经超高效液相色谱分离,串联三重四级杆质谱检测,在7.5 min内完成9种目标化合物的分析。9种农药的检出限(S/N≥3)在0.01~1.4μg/L之间,在各自的考察浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.995)。在1.0~80μg/L添加水平内,实际样品的平均加标回收率为66.2%~114.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.3%~20.4%(n=6)。该法操作简便,重现性好,可用于饮用水源水中农药残留的快速测定。     

改良QuEChERS法提取-气相色谱-火焰光度检测同时测定茶叶中5种有机磷农药残留

采用改良的QuEChERS法提取,气相色谱-火焰光度检测(GC-FPD),建立了同时测定茶叶中敌敌畏、乐果、毒死蜱、水胺硫磷和三唑磷5种有机磷农药(OPPs)残留的分析方法。茶叶样品经改良的QuEChERS方法进行前处理,经GC-FPD检测,基质外标法定量。在最优条件下,上述5种有机磷农药的线性范围分别为:1.8~100μg/L、2.0~200μg/L、0.5~100μg/L、1.6~200μ/L和1.2~200μg/L,相关系数r均大于0.998。在2~50μg/L添加水平范围内,5种目标农药的平均回收率在80%~108.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为2.58%~7.31%,检出限(S/N=3)在0.608~4.420μg/kg之间,定量限(S/N=10)在3.448~10.736μg/kg之间。该方法检出限低、操作简单、分析速度快,适用于茶叶中上述5种有机磷农药残留的同时检测。     

气相色谱–质谱法测定食用植物油中23种农药残留

建立了测定食用植物油中23种农药残留的气相色谱–质谱联用方法。采用固相萃取,以乙腈超声提取,经过PSA,C_(18)柱进行净化,用气相色谱–质谱法测定,外标法定量。23种农药在0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 3~0.999 7,方法检出限为5~15μg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.25%~9.40%(n=6),加标回收率为78.4%~127.3%,可以满足食用植物油中多种农药残留的同时分析。采用该方法对国内市场常见的食用植物油进行检测分析,所检测的农药残留均在国家标准的限量范围内。     

固相萃取–毛细管气相色谱法同时测定水体中8种有机磷类农药残留

建立固相萃取–毛细管气相色谱法同时测定水体中敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、治螟磷、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、杀螟硫磷和水胺硫磷8种有机磷类农药残留。样品经OASIS HLB固相萃取柱富集,丙酮洗脱,用毛细管气相色谱(FPD)法进行定量分析。8种有机磷类农残留的质量浓度在0.05~4.0μg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.004~0.01μg/m L。测定结果的相对偏差为2.6%~4.5%(n=6),加标回收率为81.6%~106.2%。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,可用于检测水体中的8种有机磷类农药残留。     

毛细管离子色谱法测定饮用水中的阴离子

研究了毛细管离子色谱法检测饮用纯净水、矿物质水及天然矿泉水中的7种无机阴离子(F–,Cl–,Br–,NO2–,NO3–,PO43–,SO42–)含量的方法。实验采用Ion Pac AS19 Capillary阴离子交换色谱柱(250 mm×0.4 mm,Thermo Fisher),以KOH溶液为淋洗液。测定7种阴离子的线性范围F–为10~1 000μg/L,Cl–为15~1 500μg/L,Br–,NO2–,NO3–为50~5 000μg/L,PO43–,SO42–为75~7 500μg/L,线性相关系数除PO43–为0.998外,均大于0.999,检出限为0.001~0.1μg/L,各离子加标回收率在94.53%~101.1%之间。用该法对实际水样进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%(n=3)。该方法简单实用,适用于饮用水中常见阴离子的分析测定。     

中药材农药多残留快速检测方法的研究

研究和建立了中药材中53种农药残留的快速检测方法。中药材样品经过1%醋酸乙腈溶液提取、分散固相萃取法净化,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)的选择离子监测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析。53种残留农药在0.01~31.00mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,定量限在3.3~123.3μg/kg之间,加标回收率在76.2%~109.8%之间,相对标准偏差在1.7%~13%之间。该方法,可快速测定中药材中的农药残留。     

超快速液相–质谱法同时测定液体奶和奶粉中磺胺和喹诺酮类药物残留

建立超快速液相–质谱联用法测定乳制品中磺胺和喹诺酮类药物残留的方法。试样加入乙腈沉淀蛋白,用0.22μm滤膜过滤,经EndeavorsilTMC18柱分离,选用乙腈–0.1%甲酸为流动相。在0.05~100.00μg/L范围内,17种兽药的质量浓度均与色谱峰面积均呈良好的线性,相关系数(r2)为0.990 6~0.999 8,方法检出限为0.05~0.10μg/kg,加标回收率为75.88%~116.00%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%~13%(n=5)。该方法快速、灵敏,可以满足对乳制品中多种兽药残留的快速检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法同时检测蔬菜中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立用超高效液相色谱–串联质谱仪对蔬菜中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留同时检测的方法。对传统的Qu ECh ERS前处理方法进行优化和改良,将样品置于萃取管中,加入乙腈溶液提取,振荡离心后,将上清液移入净化管中净化,用超高效液相色谱–串联质谱仪进行检测。17种待测农药的质量浓度在5~500 ng/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数(r)大于0.99,检出限为0.3~1.6μg/kg。在5,10,50μg/kg 3个浓度水平进行添加回收试验,平均回收率在61.0%~107.6%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.6%~17.6%(n=6)。该方法检测时间较短,检出限低,测量重现性高,适用于蔬菜中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的同时检测。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定土壤中67种农药残留

建立了同时测定土壤中67种农药的QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(QuEChERS/UPLCMS/MS)方法。样品经乙腈振荡提取、QuEChERS净化,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正负双离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式。结果表明:67种农药在5~500μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.990~0.999,检出限为0.001~0.010 mg/L;在10、50、500μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为58%~111%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.1%~19.3%;定量下限为10μg/kg。该方法简单、快速、重现性好、灵敏度高,可满足土壤中67种农药残留的检测要求。     

固相萃取–气相色谱–串联质谱法测定茶叶中9种农药残留量

建立固相萃取净化–气相色谱–串联质谱法同时测定茶叶中9种农药残留量的方法。茶叶样品用乙腈均质提取,提取液经固相萃取净化处理后,采用DB–5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,在多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。9种农药组分的质量浓度在0.01~0.50 mg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性,相关系数r~2大于0.998,方法测定下限(10 S/N)为0.002~0.01 mg/kg。以空白绿茶、红茶、普洱茶和乌龙茶为基体,在0.05,0.1,0.2 mg/kg 3个添加水平进行加标回收试验,加标回收率在73.6%~99.7%之间,相对标准偏差为4.2%~8.7%(n=6)。该法操作简便、快速,适用于茶叶中多种农药残留的测定。     

Rapid analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples by dispersive solid‐phase extraction based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and pulse glow discharge ion source ion mobility spectrometry

An analytical method based on dispersive solid‐phase extraction with a multiwalled carbon nanotubes sorbent coupled with positive pulse glow discharge ion mobility spectrometry was developed for analysis of 30 pesticide residues in drinking water samples. Reduced ion mobilities and the mass–mobility correlation of 30 pesticides were measured. The pesticides were divided into five groups to verify the separation capability of pulse glow discharge in mobility spectrometry. The extraction conditions such as desorption solvent, ionic strength, conditions of adsorption and desorption, the amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and solution pH were optimized. The enrichment factors of pesticides were 5.4‐ to 48.7‐fold (theoretical enrichment factor was 50‐fold). The detection limits of pesticides were 0.01～0.77 μg/kg. The linear range was 0.005–0.2 mg/L for pesticide standard solutions, with determination coefficients from 0.9616 to 0.9999. The method was applied for the analysis of practical and spiked drinking water samples. All results were confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed method was proven to be a commendably rapid screening qualitative and semiquantitative technique for the analysis of pesticide residues in drinking water samples on site.     

UPLC–MS–MS同时测定人参中4种植物生长调节剂残留量

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定人参中4种植物生长调节剂残留的方法。样品以50%乙腈溶液室温振荡提取30 min,并采用分散固相萃取(DSPE)法净化,其中每毫升提取液加入50 mg C_(18)吸附剂,在优化后的仪器条件下进行测定。2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、矮壮素、赤霉素、乙烯利分别在10~500,0.5~250,5~500,200~5 000μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r~20.99,检出限分别为7.5,0.4,4.0,150.0μg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.05%~14.77%(n=6),加标回收率为69.6%~97.4%。该方法样品处理简单快速,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,适合于人参中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、矮壮素、赤霉素和乙烯利4种植物生长调节剂残留量的测定。     

吹扫捕集GC-MS法测定水中的丙酮和丁酮

建立吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法测定水中丙酮和丁酮的检测方法。对吹扫捕集条件进行优化,吹扫温度为20℃,吹扫时间为11 min,脱附温度为245℃,脱附时间为2 min。在全扫描模式下进行定性分析,在选择性离子扫描模式下进行定量分析。在优化实验条件下,丙酮和丁酮的质量浓度在5~200μg/L范围内与其响应值呈良好线性关系(r~2≥0.990),检出限分别为0.01,0.05μg/L,加标回收率分别为100.8%~116.9%,84.5%~101.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.94%~4.83%,0.67%~2.69%(n=6)。该方法检出限低,精密度、准确度高,适用于生活饮用水、地表水、地下水、生活污水和工业废水中丙酮和丁酮的分析。     

Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric methodology using solid-phase microextraction for the multiresidue determination of pesticides in surface waters

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) was used for the analytical determination of priority pesticide residues. Fibers coated with a 65-µm film thickness of polydimethylsiloxane divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) were used to extract 31 pesticides of different chemical groups. The quality parameters of the method demonstrated a good precision with detection limits of 1–56?ng/L. Linearity was controlled in the range of 0.1–50?µg/L. The proposed method was applied for the trace-level determination of the target pesticides in surface water samples including three rivers and one lake at the Epirus region (north-west Greece) for a period of one year. The results demonstrate the suitability of the SPME–GC–MS approach for the analysis of multi-residue pesticides in environmental water samples.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测环境水体中18种农药残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（SPE-UPLC-MS/MS）同时检测环境水体中不同极性范围的18种农药残留的分析方法。样品经大体积固相萃取装置，以2 mL/min的速率通过Cleanrt^®-PEP固相萃取柱进行净化和富集，浓缩50倍后结合UPLC-MS/MS检测，外标法定量。研究表明，目标化合物在0.5~50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好，线性相关系数（R²）≥0.995；在10、100和1000 ng/L 3个添加水下，18种农药在3种不同环境水体中的平均回收率为71.3%~105.9%，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=5）为1.3%~9.9%；定量限（LOQ）均为10 ng/L。该方法应用于泰安市区周围水环境的检测，各采集位点均未检出农药残留。该方法具有净化效果好、通用性强、灵敏度高、准确度高和操作简单等优点，适用于环境水体中18种农药的残留检测。     

Fully automated standard addition method for the quantification of 29 polar pesticide metabolites in different water bodies using LC-MS/MS

A reliable quantification by LC-ESI-MS/MS as the most suitable analytical method for polar substances in the aquatic environment is usually hampered by matrix effects from co-eluting compounds, which are unavoidably present in environmental samples. The standard addition method (SAM) is the most appropriate method to compensate matrix effects. However, when performed manually, this method is too labour- and time-intensive for routine analysis. In the present work, a fully automated SAM using a multi-purpose sample manager “Open Architecture UPLC®-MS/MS” (ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) was developed for the sensitive and reliable determination of 29 polar pesticide metabolites in environmental samples. A four-point SAM was conducted parallel to direct-injection UPLC-ESI-MS/MS determination that was followed by a work flow to calculate the analyte concentrations including monitoring of required quality criteria. Several parameters regarding the SAM, chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions were optimised in order to obtain a fast as well as reliable analytical method. The matrix effects were examined by comparison of the SAM with an external calibration method. The accuracy of the SAM was investigated by recovery tests in samples of different catchment areas. The method detection limit was estimated to be between 1 and 10 ng/L for all metabolites by direct injection of a 10-μL sample. The relative standard deviation values were between 2 and 10 % at the end of calibration range (30 ng/L). About 200 samples from different water bodies were examined with this method in the Rhine and Ruhr region of North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). Approximately 94 % of the analysed samples contained measurable amounts of metabolites. For most metabolites, low concentrations ≤0.10 μg/L were determined. Only for three metabolites were the concentrations in ground water significantly higher (up to 20 μg/L). In none of the examined drinking water samples were the health-related indication values (between 1 and 3 μg/L) for non-relevant metabolites exceeded.     

气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚

采用固相萃取(SPE)小柱固相萃取,建立了生活饮用水中2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的气相色谱检测方法。用盐酸调节水样至p H 5.0,用SPE小柱固相萃取后以乙酸乙酯洗脱,以CD-5色谱柱进行分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的含量。2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的质量浓度在2.00~40.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,检出限分别为0.03,0.04μg/L;加标回收率分别为87.2%~93.9%,89.0%~94.8%;测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2%(n=7)。该方法具有检出限低、操作简便等优点,适用于生活饮用水中2-氯苯酚和2-甲苯酚的监测分析。     

凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱质谱法测定：花生中6种除草剂农药残留

建立了凝胶渗透色谱一气相色谱质谱（GPC～GC=MS）法测定花生中6种除草剂（氟乐灵、异恶草酮、甲草胺、二甲戊乐灵、乙氧氟草醚、喹禾灵）农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,氨基固相萃取柱和凝胶渗透色谱净化,在选择离子扫描（SIM）模式下进行气相色谱质谱法测定,外标法定量。6种除草剂浓度在0．02-1．00mg／L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数为O．9949～0．9998,添加回收率为77．8％-101．6％,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4．4％～11．4％（月=5）,方法的检出限为0．1～1．3μg／kg。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中铀钍元素的含量

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱测定水中铀钍元素含量的方法。水样以硝酸酸化处理后直接用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定,为了消除铀记忆效应对测定结果的干扰,测试溶液的质量浓度以不超过10μg/L为宜,样品测定间隙设置清洗时间为2 min。铀钍元素标准曲线线性相关系数分别为0.999 4,0.999 5;铀、钍的检出限分别为0.000 9,0.002 1μg/L;加标回收率分别为95.70%~112.33%,96.94%~109.98%;测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.61%~5.33%,1.16%~1.33%。