可燃气体检测报警器计量检定与计量管理的探讨

指出了可燃气体检测报警器计量检定的重要性,结合河南省南阳市辖区内可燃气体检测报警器计量检定的现状,着重分析了计量检定与计量管理存在的问题和难点,并且提出了相关建议。     

可燃气体检测报警器检定用标准物质的选择

可燃气体检测报警器,亦称测爆仪,广泛应用于危险化学品场所中可燃性气体泄漏事故的检测报警,属于国家强制检定的工作用计量器具。JJG693-2004可燃气体检测报警器(以下简称报警器)国家计量检定规程(以下简称规程)经国家质量监督检验检疫总局于2004年3月2日批准,并自2004年9月2日     

一种新型气体报警器检定操作台的研制

针对有毒有害气体报警器检定过程中存在的安全防护问题,研制了一种防毒防害型气体报警器检定操作台,该操作台主要由操作台体、透明橱窗、排风装置、转子流量计、减压阀等组成。该操作台可以提高计量检定实验室在有毒有害气体报警器检定时对环境条件的控制能力。     

气体报警器检定用智能控制终端的设计与实现

介绍了一种用于有毒有害气体报警器计量检定用手持控制终端的设计。通过对手持终端的软件、电源系统、无线通信系统和主控系统的研发,实现了无线控制报警器检定的操作,并可在手持终端上显示报警器的相关参数以及检定结果等内容。该手持终端提高了检定效率,避免了有害气体对检定人员的侵袭。     

复合式气体报警器检定装置的研制

提出一种新型复合式气体报警器检定方法,根据此方法设计一套复合式气体检测报警器检定装置。该检定装置由工作柜、气瓶存储柜、气体输送气路、流量控制器、气体稀释装置、旋转工作台6部分组成。其中气体输送气路共有6路通道,气体稀释装置的重复性不大于0.5%。旋转工作台可同时对多台仪器进行测量,另外还配备了证书编辑软件。该装置检定结果的扩展不确定度不大于5%(k=2),其中:用于0~100%LEL CH4检定的扩展不确定度为3.0%(k=2);用于0~100μmol/mol H2S检定的扩展不确定度为5.0%(k=2);用于0~100μmol/mol CO检定的扩展不确定度为4.2%(k=2);用于0~20.9%O2检定的扩展不确定度为3.4%(k=2)。该检定装置工作效率高,采用PLC和上位机的控制方式能够实现检定过程自动化测量。该装置主要适用于CH4,H2S,CO,O2气体报警器的检定。     

标定罩使用对气体报警器检定结果的影响

为指导检定人员在气体报警器检定时对气体标定罩的正确使用,对标准罩、大罩、小罩、不带罩4种情况进行试验,并对气体报警器检定结果的绝对误差、响应时间、重复性等参数进行对比分析。结果表明,在满足绝对误差±5%FS之内、响应时间不大于60 s、重复性不大于2%的技术指标要求时,使用标准罩能够得到更准确、稳定、符合现场模拟真实数值的检定结果。该研究有利于提高气体报警器检定结果的准确性。     

空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质的研制

采用称量法制备空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质,分别用F检验和回归曲线法对研制的标准物质进行均匀性和稳定性检验。结果表明,研制的空气中偏二甲肼气体标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,定值结果分别为10,500μmol/mol,定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为2%(k=2)。该标准物质可用于偏二甲肼报警器的检定或校准。     

矿井环境可燃气体分析方法及装置

一种矿井环境可燃气体分析方法及装置，属于检测和分析工矿环境多种可燃气体的方法及装置。该分析方法使用一个催化传感器，把催化传感器放置在多种混合可燃气体中，由单片机对电场控制器输出控制信号，电场控制器对催化传感器施加不同的电场，催化传感器输出不同的、包含混合可燃气体信息的信号，不同可燃气体的信息信号通过闭环检测器送入至单片机，单片机对得到的可燃气体进行分析，分析气体的种类和浓度，并通过数字显示器显示检测结果。     

可移动式微量氧分析仪检定装置研制

研制一种新型可移动式微量氧分析仪检定装置。该装置由标准气体、零点气、脱氧纯化器、减压阀、调节阀、4通阀、5通阀、不锈钢管路、流量控制系统、移动平台等组成。该装置气密性好,15 min内可将装置内氧气浓度由20.9%降至不大于0.1μmol/mol,对于0~10μmol/mol的微量氧分析仪检定结果的扩展不确定度为Urel=1.7%FS(k=2)。该装置满足气体标准物质的连续切换和在线检定的需要,检定时间短,结果准确可靠,可为在线式和非在线式微量氧分析仪的量值溯源提供有效保障。     

电位型传感器嵌入式遥测系统的研制

研制了一种应用于电位型传感器的嵌入式遥测系统。系统由采样发送端、接收端和计算机组成。采样发送端包括电流放大器、∑-Δ型模数转换器、微控制器和无线数据传输模块,接收端包括无线数据传输模块、微控制器和协议转换器,接收端通过通用串行总线( USB)接口和计算机连接。嵌入式软件用C语言编写,控制信号的采集和传输;上位机软件用 LabVIEW编写,用于数据存储和显示。系统采集电压信号范围为±1.17 V。为验证该系统的精度和可靠性,应用本套系统和数字多用表对一组电位值进行了对照测试,并用自制的氢离子选择性电极进行了酸度变化响应测试。结果表明,本系统电位测量值可以精确到0.1 mV,且抗噪能力良好,pH响应测量的线性相关系数R2=0.998,变化曲线和商品化的电化学分析仪的结果一致。此系统硬件均由标准芯片组成,采样发送端尺寸为29 mm×14 mm×11 mm,可以用于电位型传感器的远程实时检测。     

Sadtler标准碳谱检索系统及其在有机物定性分析中的应用

介绍了功能扩展的Sadlter标准碳谱检索系统，该系统运行于普通的PC兼容微机，扩展后的系统程序不仅具有一般的常用检索和智能检索功能，还具有特殊的快速智能检索功能；数据方面，也由原来的1．5万个记录扩展到现在的3．0万个，每个记录均录有一个Sadtler标准碳谱图谱编号及该编号下的所有谱峰之化学位移值。     

Low-density polycarbonate composites with robust hollow glass microspheres by tailorable processing variables

Polycarbonate (PC) composites with low weight have been required for mobile applications. Herein, the incorporation of 15 phr (parts per hundred of resin) soda-lime borosilicate hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) into a PC matrix reduced the specific gravity by 15.2%. The microsphere preservation rate was systematically examined depending on HGM compressive strength, and processing conditions for extrusion (side-feeding vs. main-feeding vs. screw configuration) and injection molding (mild condition for edge gate vs. extreme condition for pinpoint gate). Various transition temperatures such as glass transition temperatures and heat distortion temperature were investigated as a function of HGM. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the 15 phr HGM-embedded PC composites was reduced by 51.9%. The rheological behavior of the composites was also probed. The toughness was reduced due to the ductile-to-brittle transition of PC caused by the incorporation of fillers despite the enhanced modulus. The incorporation of the robust hollow glass microspheres into a PC composite via a delicately designed screw configuration and suitable processing conditions can be used for low-density composites such as mobile applications.     

基于课立方系统的大学化学实验教学模式改革实践

在传统的大学化学实验教学中,学生以被动接受为主,学习交互性差,自主思考不足,不利于学生综合素质的培养和创新能力的提高。随着互联网技术的飞速发展,基于各种信息化手段的教学模式应运而生。课立方系统可集预习系统、微信公众平台、翻转课堂等多种教学模式为一体,形成以学生为中心的全周期智能化教学模式,实现学生的实验课前练习测试、课堂数据记录、课后作业互评讨论等多种功能。实践表明,课立方系统应用于大学化学实验课程教学,能够有效提高化学实验课的教学效率,并且大大促进学生的自主学习,为互动式大学化学实验教学注入新的活力。     

CHARMM‐GUI ligand reader and modeler for CHARMM force field generation of small molecules

Reading ligand structures into any simulation program is often nontrivial and time consuming, especially when the force field parameters and/or structure files of the corresponding molecules are not available. To address this problem, we have developed Ligand Reader & Modeler in CHARMM‐GUI. Users can upload ligand structure information in various forms (using PDB ID, ligand ID, SMILES, MOL/MOL2/SDF file, or PDB/mmCIF file), and the uploaded structure is displayed on a sketchpad for verification and further modification. Based on the displayed structure, Ligand Reader & Modeler generates the ligand force field parameters and necessary structure files by searching for the ligand in the CHARMM force field library or using the CHARMM general force field (CGenFF). In addition, users can define chemical substitution sites and draw substituents in each site on the sketchpad to generate a set of combinatorial structure files and corresponding force field parameters for throughput or alchemical free energy simulations. Finally, the output from Ligand Reader & Modeler can be used in other CHARMM‐GUI modules to build a protein‐ligand simulation system for all supported simulation programs, such as CHARMM, NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, GENESIS, LAMMPS, Desmond, OpenMM, and CHARMM/OpenMM. Ligand Reader & Modeler is available as a functional module of CHARMM‐GUI at http://www.charmm-gui.org/input/ligandrm . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Spectre: an approach to an expert system in chemometrics

A versatile, dialogue-oriented program package for chemometric data analysis is described. In addition to the data processing modules proper, the system includes modules for selecting appropriate methods for data analysis and for the design of experiments.     

On-line acquisition, analysis, and e-mailing of high-resolution exact-mass electron impact/chemical ionization mass spectrometry data acquired using an automated direct probe

A complete automation package has been developed for data acquisition, processing, interpreting, and e-mailing of high-resolution exact-mass electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry data. A commercial high performance magnetic sector mass spectrometer equipped with a commercial programmable robotic direct probe was used. The software package contains a series of modules that automatically performs all the functions necessary for data reduction and reporting. In sequential order, these functions include downloading of sample information from a corporate database, creation of a sample list, acquisition of high-resolution exact-mass data, processing of the data, generation of an exact-mass report, e-mailing of the results to the requesting chemists, and finally shutting down of the instrument. The performance of the system was evaluated with nearly 500 samples. The system was found to be reliable and robust with a small average systematic mass error of −0.47 mmu and a standard deviation of 1.61 mmu.     

Networking Mass Spectrometer Data Systems for Improved Productivity and Electronic Archiving of Data

Several Finngan-MAT mass spectrometer data systems were networked together to achieve the following two primary objectives: (1) to allow access to mass spectrometry data and data processing functions from remote locations without affecting simultaneous data acquisition at the instruments, and (2) to electronically archive mass spectrometry data at a central location on a high-capacity, fast-access device that allows rapid retrieval of archived data for all data processing operations at all locations. UNIX workstations, IBM PC/AT-compatible computers, and Data General Nova minicomputers were connected via Ethernet interfaces to allow rapid data transfer among all systems as well as X-Windows access to UNIX-based systems. Bridging techniques were used to isolate possible high-traffic areas of the network and to enable security measures for adequate protection of files. Additionally, serial connections were made through a Northern Telecom phone system to provide remote terminal access to the Data General Nova-based systems. Use of these connectivity techniques significantly improved productivity by allowing retrieval, processing, and printing of data from remote locations, such as office areas, without affecting data acquisition, processing, and printing performed simultaneously at the instruments. For archival purposes, data files are electronically stored on high-capacity magneto-optical disks for rapid retrieval. A highcapacity fixed disk is also available for centralized temporary data file storage. A Digital Equipment Corporation DECstation 2100 UNIX workstation was used as the file server for centralized data storage while being simultaneously utilized as the data system computer for one of the mass spectrometers. Utilization of this UNIX-based file server system in conjunction with Ethernet connectivity techniques provides a centralized, rapid-access, high-capacity, cost- and space-efficient method for electronic archival of mass spectrometry raw data recorded at all of the instruments.     

在移动终端上远程实时监控实验室和操作仪器

提出了在手机或平板电脑上使用免费软件远程监控实验室和操作仪器的方法。使用萤石云视频软件实时观察室内及仪器周边情况,为远程操作仪器提供实时现场信息,也可用该软件与现场人员语音实时交流;使用Teamviewer软件随时了解测试情况,对仪器进行远程操作,如开始测试、终止测试或修改测试参数设定等;使用远程智能开关对室内电源和照明进行远程控制,方便夜间观察和关闭不需要的用电负荷,为减轻实验室人员工作量,提高工作效率,随时了解实验室情况及仪器测试进程、及时调整测试参数、减少能耗等提供了方便。还介绍了Teamviewer软件在数据处理上的应用。     

An expert system for eluent optimisation in liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection

Summary The problem of eluent optimisation in reversed-phase liquid chromatography is a complex diagnostic situation, amenable to an expert system approach. Such a system has been developed in microProlog, which uses a gradient elution experiment to determine the appropriate initial solvent strength for a given separation, followed by response-surface modelling using an iterative lattice method to determine the mobile phase composition for optimum resolution. Spectral information from a diode array detector is used to track the retention position of each component as the mobile phase composition is varied. Peak homogeneity is assessed by a number of independent modules, the output from which is utilised by the expert system to validate the model constructed by the optimisation procedure.     

Towards computer-supported management of analytical laboratories

In daily practice, the laboratory management must control several complex data flows in the analytical laboratory. Computer aids to support the management are discussed. Commercially available laboratory information management systems (LIMS) apply to the flow of data about the individual samples and the subsequent test results. Additional software modules are needed to deal with data about the performance of the laboratory as an organization, to provide decision support. Two modules for this purpose are presented: FEA for processing of historical laboratory data and LABGEN for application of digital simulation by the laboratory management.