相转移催化下醇类的选择性电氧化

在选择性氧化的研究中,Cr(Ⅵ)类选择性氧化剂都存在着需特殊制备、配体和溶剂昂贵等缺点。同时,相转移催化技术的使用,也使许多氧化剂有了较好的选择性,但对环境污染严重。间接电氧化虽没有用量大、污染严重的缺点,但没有选择性。为此,我们使用间接电氧化和相转移催化氧化联用的方法,克服了上述缺点。并用Cr(Ⅵ)/Cr(Ⅲ)为间接氧化还原体系对醇类的选择性氧化进行了探讨。结果发现,本实验条件下,苄醇类会选择性地氧化成相应的羰基化合物,且产率高,而非苄醇类的醇则达不到此目的。     

相转移催化下肟类的选择性间接电氧化研究

以Ｃｅ＾４＋／Ｃｅ＾３＋为间接电氧化还原体系，在相转移催化剂ＰｈＣＨ２Ｎ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）３Ｃｌ存在下，对肟类化合物进行选择性间接电氧化。结果表明，在室温条件下，电解２ｈ，肟类能被选择性地氧化为相应的羰基化合物，收率７５－９５．６％。     

相转移催化下Mn（Ⅲ）／Mn（Ⅱ）体系对醇类的选择性电氧化

以Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)为间接氧化还原体系,用间接电氧化的方法,在相转移催化条件下对醇类的氧化进行了研究。结果表明,在所用实验条件下,Mn(Ⅲ)可以方便地在电极上生成及再生,对苄醇类及二级脂肪醇类能高产率地选择性氧化成相应的羰基化合物。     

盐酸甲胺三氧铬的制备及其α,β-不饱和醇的选择性氧化

本文报道盐酸甲胺三氧铬(3)的制备方法,并在DMF中作了一些醇的氧化试验,试验结果表:3其有很高的氧化选择性,它能顺利地将多种α,β- 不饱和醇氧化成相应的醛或酮;而在相同条件下,不氧化饱和醇, 并且在一定条件下可以氧化分子内的苄醇羟基而不氧化同一分子中的酚羟基和饱和醇羟基。3在DMF中使用时, 没有明显的酸性,可以用于氧化对酸敏感的化合物,而且它制备简单,使用条件温和,是一种优良的高选择性氧化剂。     

以六甲基二硅胺烷为氮源一锅法电氧化醇制腈

以2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基(TEMPO)为电催化氧化媒介,六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)为氮源,在室温下实现了一锅法电氧化醇类化合物为腈类化合物.采用循环伏安法和电化学原位红外光谱技术分别对TEMPO的电催化性能和一锅法电氧化历程进行了研究.在优化条件下,将该反应体系拓展到系列醇类化合物的电催化氧化中,结果表明,不同的醇类化合物,特别是苄醇,取得了较好的反应收率.基于以上研究结果提出了可能的反应机理.     

溴酸苄基三苯基膦的氧化性能研究

利用溴酸钠与氯化苄基三苯基膦作用得到溴酸苄基三苯基膦氧化剂。该氧化剂热稳定性好,氧化性能温和,在非质子有机溶剂中和在Lewis酸存在下,有效地将苄醇、环醇、和α-羟基酮氧化为相应的羰基化合物,产率较高;将苯硫酚氧化为二硫化物,产率中等。此外,对该氧化剂氧化烷基苯为醛、酮及羧酸,氧化芳醛为羧酸也作了研究。     

RuCl3·3H2O/DCHA体系在空气中对苄醇的选择性氧化

对RuCl3·3H2O/DCHA体系催化空气氧化苄醇的反应进行了详细研究,结果表明在RuCl3·3H2O/DCHA的催化下,苄醇被有效地氧化成相应的醛.重要的是该催化体系具有较好的化学选择性,对苯甲醇和1-苯基乙醇的混合物,能高选择性地氧化苯甲醇,而后者基本不被氧化;对含伯羟基和仲羟基的3-(1'-羟乙基)苯甲醇和4-(1'-羟乙基)苯甲醇,能高选择性地氧化伯羟基,而仲羟基大部分不被氧化.该反应具有反应条件温和、操作简单、化学选择性好等特点.     

离子液体-水介质中离子液体负载TEMPO催化选择氧化合成脂肪醇羟基芳香醛和酮

由于脂肪醇羟基和苄醇羟基具有相同的氧化反应活性,所以当分子内同时含有脂肪醇羟基和苄醇羟基时,很难选择氧化苄醇羟基合成含脂肪醇羟基的芳香醛或酮。本文报道了在离子液体-水介质中,NCS/NaBr/IL-TEMPO（离子液体负载TEMPO）催化氧化合成含有脂肪醇羟基的芳香醛、酮的方法,反应条件温和,选择性好,收率高,且离子液体和催化剂可以循环使用。     

烯丙基溴与锡和醛的选择性加成反应

Yamamoto等曾报道烯丙基型的锡有机化合物可与羰基化合物进行亲核加成反应,得到高烯丙基型的醇.他们还发现此反应具有立体选择性.此后又发现这个反应可以被溶剂中的微量水所催化,使反应加速进行.这些结果促使我们进一步探讨当醛分子中含有羟基、酚基、硝基、卤素等各种不同的反应活性基团时,与烯丙基锡进行的反应.希望找到一种用传统的Grignard试剂无法直接进行的烯丙基化反应. 我们选择了间和邻羟基苯甲醛、间和对硝基苯甲醛、对溴苯甲醛、7-羟基-3,7-二甲基辛醛等化合物作反应底物,在金属锡粉存在下使羰基化合物与烯丙基溴反应.结果都得到了相应的高烯丙基醇.     

环烯丙醇的四氧化锇氧化反应

四氧化锇转换烯烃为邻二醇是熟知的反应,文献也有报道链状的烯丙醇被四氧化锇氧化为相应的三醇化合物。本文报道,当环烯丙醇被四氧化锇氧化时。则随烯烃空间障碍的不同而结果不同。空间隙碍比较大的环烯丙醇得到羟基被氧化的α、β不饱和羰基化合物;空间障碍小的则主要产物为相应的三醇化合物;而具有中等程度空间障碍的环烯丙醇得到二类竞争性反应产物,即相应的三醇化合物和α、β不饱和羰基化合物。     

Selective oxidation of benzylic or allylic hydroxyl group of sec-1,2-diols

A mild and efficient method to selectively oxidize chiral sec-1,2-diols has been developed, which demonstrates that 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) can selectively oxidize benzylic or allylic hydroxyl group of sec-1,2-diols under ultrasound wave promotion. The configuration of the adjacent chiral center is retained.     

NH4Cl.CrO3对烯丙基醚和苄基醚的选择性氧化成酯的研究

本文报道了NH4Cl.CrO3(简称ACC)在无溶剂反应条件下, 以较好的产率, 将烯丙基醚或苄基醚选择性地氧化成相应的酯。     

Selective oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohols with NaOCl/silica gel system

Sodium hypochlorite, a cheap and readily available compound, when supported on silica gel can selectively oxidize benzylic and allylic alcohols to their carbonyl compounds in the presence of catalytic amount of DMSO.     

2-Iodoxybenzenesulfamides: new pseudobenziodoxole-based hypervalent iodine reagents

Amides of 2-iodoxybenzenesulfonic acid were prepared by the dioxirane oxidation of the corresponding 2-iodobenzenesulfamides and isolated as stable, microcrystalline products. These new representatives of the pseudocyclic hypervalent iodine compounds can selectively oxidize benzylic alcohols to aldehydes.     

Aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols under mild aqueous conditions promoted by a dinuclear copper(II) complex

A sugar-discriminating dinuclear copper(II) complex was investigated for its ability to promote aerobic oxidation of primary benzylic alcohols in the presence of TEMPO and base. The transformation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde was chosen as exploratory model reaction. The constitution of the catalytically active species was deducted from isothermal titration calorimetry and kinetic experiments, and the catalytic reaction was characterized both in aqueous organic and aqueous solution. The dinuclear complex is found to selectively oxidize primary over secondary alcohols in aqueous solution at ambient temperature with a turnover rate of 9 h⁻¹. A mechanism for the catalytic cycle is proposed.     

Sulfated tungstate as hydroxyl group activator for preparation of benzyl,including p-methoxybenzyl ethers of alcohols and phenols

Sulfated tungstate was found to be an effective heterogeneous and reusable catalyst for hydroxy group activation–mediated preparation of benzylic ethers including p-methoxybenzylic ethers of a wide range of alcohols and phenols under mild reaction conditions.     

Efficient and Highly Selective Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes by N-Chlorosuccinimide Mediated by Oxoammonium Salts

2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy catalyzes efficient oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes by N-chlorosuccinimide, in a biphasic dichloromethane-aqueous pH 8.6 buffer system in the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride. Aliphatic, benzylic, and allylic alcohols are readily oxidized with no overoxidation to carboxylic acids. Secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones with a much lower efficiency. Very high chemoselectivities are observed when primary alcohols are oxidized in the presence of secondary ones. Primary-secondary diols are selectively transformed into hydroxy aldehydes, with, in some cases, no detectable formation of the isomeric keto alcohols.     

Continuous Flow Electrochemistry Enables Practical and Site-Selective C−H Oxidation

The selective oxygenation of ubiquitous C(sp³)−H bonds remains a highly sought-after method in both academia and the chemical industry for constructing functionalized organic molecules. However, it is extremely challenging to selectively oxidize a certain C(sp³)−H bond to afford alcohols due to the presence of multiple C(sp³)−H bonds with similar strength and steric environment in organic molecules, and the alcohol products being prone to further oxidation. Herein, we present a practical and cost-efficient electrochemical method for the highly selective monooxygenation of benzylic C(sp³)−H bonds using continuous flow reactors. The electrochemical reactions produce trifluoroacetate esters that are resistant to further oxidation but undergo facile hydrolysis during aqueous workup to form benzylic alcohols. The method exhibits a broad scope and exceptional site selectivity and requires no catalysts or chemical oxidants. Furthermore, the electrochemical method demonstrates excellent scalability by producing 115 g of one of the alcohol products. The high site selectivity of the electrochemical method originates from its unique mechanism to cleave benzylic C(sp³)−H bonds through sequential electron/proton transfer, rather than the commonly employed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT).     

Benzylic C-H activation and C-O bond formation via aryl to benzylic 1,4-palladium migrations

A procedure for benzylic C-H activation has been developed using a palladium 1,4-aryl to benzylic migration as a key step. Carboxylates and phenoxides readily trap the resulting benzylic palladium intermediates obtained from palladium ‘through space’ migration. Aryl bromides and iodides have been successfully employed in this reaction, furnishing moderate to good yields. The mechanism of this reaction has been studied by deuterium-labeling experiments, which suggest that the migration of palladium from an aryl to a benzylic position occurs reversibly. The reaction conditions developed for the migration process also oxidize the neighboring benzylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones.     

Light/Palladium‐Promoted Benzylic C−H Acylation Using a Benzoyl Group as the Photo‐Directing Group

2‐Methylphenyl ketones undergo site‐selective acylation at the benzylic position when treated with acid anhydride under UV irradiation in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The benzoyl carbonyl group serves as the photo‐directing group so that the ortho benzylic C?H bond is activated site‐selectively.