纳米ZnS基白光发射材料的制备和表征

利用溶胶．凝胶法,通过直接掺杂Mn^2 获得白光发射且操作工艺简单的纳米ZnS：Mn荧光粉,使用XRD、UV、PL及VT-IR等方法研究了ZnS：Mn纳米微粒的粒径、结构及荧光特性。结果表明：ZnS：Mn纳米微粒的平均粒径约为7nm,为闪锌矿晶体结构;所制备样品的荧光发射光谱有强度相当的两个峰,一个是峰值位于480nm的基质发光,另一个是峰值位于590nm的橙色光,样品总体发白光;Mn^2 的掺杂量对ZnS：Mn纳米白光荧光粉发光性能的影响很大;在纳米微粒的形成过程中,聚甲基丙烯酸将该纳米粒子包覆。     

纳米荧光粉的余辉研究

用无机材料在室温下通过溶胶法制成了纳米ZnS:Mn荧光粉,立方晶形,平均粒径为3nm,它的橙色发光（峰值608nm,半宽75nm)亮度与同晶型（立方）的体ZnS:Mn荧光粉的亮度相同,而余辉缩短。在Nd:YAG四倍频266nm脉冲激光激发下,仔细对立方纳米,纯立方微米,纯六角微米ZnS:Mn荧光粉进行了余辉的对比测量,它们的余辉主要遵循指数衰减规律,其1／e余辉时间的结果如下：（1）纯立方纳米ZnS:Mn,两个指数衰减,余辉时间分别为186μs和1078μs,其幅度比为4：1,前者是主要的,决定了1／e余辉时间;（2）纯立方微米体ZnS:Mn:944μs,(3)纯六微米体ZnS:MN:1.2ms（还有幅度很小的极长余辉成分）,结果表明纳米ZnS:Mn荧光粉的光致发光余辉的确比对应的体材料（不管是六角还是立方）都短,但余辉缩短了几倍,而不是五个数量级。     

与掺杂浓度相关的ZnS∶Mn纳米粒子的发光性质

采用溶胶法制备了Mn掺杂的ZnS纳米粒子,探讨了掺杂离子浓度对ZnS∶Mn纳米粒子的晶体结构和发光性质的影响。通过X射线衍射（XRD）对样品的结构进行了表征,结果表明：所制备的ZnS∶Mn纳米粒子为立方闪锌矿结构,其在Mn离子的掺杂浓度达到6%时不发生分相,但随着掺杂浓度的增加,纳米粒子的平均粒径会减小。光致发光光谱和荧光光谱的结果表明：通过改变掺杂离子的浓度可实现对ZnS∶Mn纳米粒子590 nm附近荧光发射波长的调节。此外,研究了温度对纳米粒子形貌和发光性质的影响。高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）观察发现,经过50℃陈化1 h后的ZnS∶Mn样品的平均粒径增大约为20 nm,且加热陈化有利于ZnS∶Mn纳米粒子中Mn2＋在590 nm处产生荧光。     

核-壳结构的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子的荧光增强

采用反胶束方法制备了ZnS :Mn纳米粒子并对其进行了ZnS壳层修饰 ,采用发射光谱和激发光谱对其光学性质进行了研究。与未包覆的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子相比 ,核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子来自于Mn2 离子的 5 80nm的发光增强了数倍 ,归因于ZnS壳增加了Mn2 离子到纳米颗粒表面的距离 ,减弱了Mn2 离子向表面猝灭中心的传递。样品制备后 ,核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子在 5 80nm的发光随时间略有增强 ,激发光谱的位置未发生明显变化 ,而未包覆的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子在 5 80nm的发光显著增强 ,同时自激活发光减弱 ,激发光谱明显发生红移 ,说明未包覆的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子的尺寸随时间增大 ,而核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子尺寸基本不变。     

退火对ZnS纳米晶结构相变及发光的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了ZnS及ZnS：Eu纳米晶粉末,并对其在不同温度进行了退火处理。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)技术及差热分析实验(DTA)对ZnS纳米粒子在退火过程中的从立方到六角晶相的结构相变进行了研究。实验结果表明,同体材料相比,由于ZnS纳米晶具有较大的表面活性,其相变温度大大降低了。在由纳米粉末退火制备的样品中,观察到峰值位于460nm和520nm的两个发光带。前者是ZnS的自激活发光;后者归因于纳米晶制备过程中引入的缺陷或者在退火过程中形成了杂质能级。在退火温度低于800℃条件下,由纳米粒子制备的样品和由商用生粉制备的荧光粉相比较,前者的发光明显较强。铕的掺杂并没有形成新的发光中心,但却极大的增强了ZnS的缺陷发光。     

纳米ZnS∶Mn荧光粉的余辉研究

用无机材料在室温下通过溶胶法制成了纳米ZnS∶Mn荧光粉 ,立方晶形 ,平均粒径为 3nm ,它的橙色发光 (峰值 6 0 8nm ,半宽 75nm)亮度与同晶型 (立方 )的体ZnS∶Mn荧光粉的亮度相同 ,而余辉缩短。在Nd∶YAG四倍频 2 6 6nm脉冲激光激发下 ,仔细对立方纳米、纯立方微米、纯六角微米ZnS∶Mn荧光粉进行了余辉的对比测量。它们的余辉主要遵循指数衰减规律 ,其 1/e余辉时间的结果如下 :(1)纯立方纳米ZnS∶Mn :两个指数衰减 ,余辉时间分别为 186 μs和10 78μs,其幅度比为 4∶1,前者是主要的 ,决定了 1/e余辉时间 ,(2 )纯立方微米体ZnS∶Mn :944 μs,(3)纯六角微米体ZnS∶Mn :1 2ms(还有幅度很小的极长余辉成分 )。结果表明纳米ZnS∶Mn荧光粉的光致发光余辉的确比对应的体材料 (不管是六角还是立方 )都短 ,但余辉仅缩短了几倍 ,而不是五个数量级     

蓝色低压阴极射线荧光粉ZnSⅩⅣZn,Pb的研究

研制的阴极射线用低压蓝色荧光粉ZnSⅩⅣMn,Pb的亮度高于现行使用的ZnSⅩⅣMn,与ZnOZn相近,且发光峰值位置接近ZnSⅩⅣMn.当与粒径为荧光粉颗粒的二分之一的In2O3混合时,其临界电压从80V降低到8V.这种荧光粉将适用于场发射显示器件中.     

ZnS：Zn，Pb宽带蓝色发光和发光机制

用固相反应法制备了一系列ZnS:Zn,Pb荧光粉。改变不同的灼烧温度和激活剂的掺杂量。通过对钧烧后荧光粉进行光谱分析,我们发现Pb2 在ZnS基质中的发光与制备条件有关：灼烧温度为800～950℃时。能得到Pb2 在ZnS基质中的蓝色发光。测量了其光致发射光谱、激发光谱,以及灼烧后荧光粉的成分。研究了阴极射线下ZnS：Zn,Pb荧光粉的相对发光亮度与荧光粉电压的关系,ZnS：Zn,Pb的相对亮度比ZnS：Ag,Cl的高,比ZnS:Zn更高。研究了发光衰减时间与温度的关系,得到了ZnS:Zn,Pb的蓝色发光可能来源于Pb 的D波段发射的结论。并对其发光机制进行了一些探讨。这种新型蓝粉可应用于VFD和FED等低压显示屏。     

ZnS∶Zn,Pb宽带蓝色发光和发光机制

用固相反应法制备了一系列ZnS∶Zn,Pb荧光粉.改变不同的灼烧温度和激活剂的掺杂量,通过对灼烧后荧光粉进行光谱分析,我们发现Pb2+在ZnS基质中的发光与制备条件有关:灼烧温度为800～950℃时,能得到Pb2+在ZnS基质中的蓝色发光.测量了其光致发射光谱、激发光谱,以及灼烧后荧光粉的成分.研究了阴极射线下ZnS∶Zn,Pb荧光粉的相对发光亮度与荧光粉电压的关系,ZnS∶Zn,Pb的相对亮度比ZnS∶Ag,Cl的高,比ZnS∶Zn更高.研究了发光衰减时间与温度的关系,得到了ZnS∶Zn,Pb的蓝色发光可能来源于Pb2+的D波段发射的结论.并对其发光机制进行了一些探讨.这种新型蓝粉可应用于VFD和FED等低压显示屏.     

玻璃中的ZnS:Mn2+超微粒发光的量子尺寸效应

自从Bhargava等^[1]报道了化学反应合成的ZnS:Mn²⁺纳米微粒的光学性质,掺杂半导体纳米微粒发光性质的研究受到了极大的重视。掺杂纳米微粒有可能成为新的一类发光材料.本文报导用熔融法制备的ZnS:Mn²⁺玻璃在光学性质上的量子尺寸效应。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.