EXTENDING SCHEMES TO A CARTESIAN CLOSED CATEGORY

Abstract

Our objective was to embed schemes of finite type over a field k in a suitably small Cartesian closed category. Two types of globalized versions of an ind-affine scheme were proposed: locally ind-affine ringed spaces and ind-schemes obtained by taking the inductive limit of closed subschemes of a locally ind-affine ringed space in ringed spaces. First in ε case some reasonably general conditions implying that translations, basic open subsets and closed subsets of an ind-affine scheme are again ind-affine schemes were obtained. Certain immersive properties of locally ind-affine ringed spaces are shown. As an adjunct we then determine a class of locally ind-affine ringed spaces which since they patch appropriately are ind-schemes. A restriction of locally ind-affine ringed spa1 leads to the category of locally ind-affine schemes (containing the category of schemes of finite type over k) which is see1 to be Cartesian closed with respect to the contravariant variable. Possible extensions to the covariant variable are studied.     

Zur Konstruktion komplexer Basen

A method of Stein [17] is generalized to construct in an explicit way complex bases of open holomorphic mappings, defined on normal complex analytic spaces. Using theorems concerning the existence of pushouts, we can sharpen a theorem of Wolffhardt ([22],§4) and generalize the above construction. As a consequence, we can prove for a big class of complex bases b:X→B, that the induced mapping π₁(X)→π₁(B) its surjective. We give a characterisation of locally simple and analytically locally simple analytic equivalence relations.     

The Density Problem for Unbounded Bergman Operators

The unbounded Bergman operator, the operator of multiplication by on an unbounded open subset of the plane, is considered. We give a complete answer regarding the density problem of unbounded Bergman operators in terms of its equivalence to the problem of bounded point evaluations for the Bergman spaces. Using this equivalence and the notion of Wiener capacity, we obtain simple geometric conditions that classify almost those open subsets of the plane for which the corresponding Bergman operators are densely defined. With the aid of an analytic approach, we are also able to give condition for a large collection of open subsets of the plane for which all the positive integer powers of the corresponding Bergman operators are densely defined. Submitted: December 14, 2001? Revised: January 14, 2001.     

Representations of Association Schemes and Their Factor Schemes

 In the present paper we investigate the relationship between the complex representations of an association scheme G and the complex representations of certain factor schemes of G. Our first result is that, similar to group representation theory, representations of factor schemes over normal closed subsets of G can be viewed as representations of G itself. We then give necessary and sufficient conditions for an irreducible character of G to be a character of a factor scheme of G. These characterizations involve the central primitive idempotents of the adjacency algebra of G and they are obtained with the help of the Frobenius reciprocity low which we prove for complex adjacency algebras. Received: February 27, 2001 Final version received: August 30, 2001     

Stein domains in Banach algebraic geometry

In this article we give a homological characterization of the topology of Stein spaces over any valued base field. In particular, when working over the field of complex numbers, we obtain a characterization of the usual Euclidean (transcendental) topology of complex analytic spaces. For non-Archimedean base fields the topology we characterize coincides with the topology of the Berkovich analytic space associated to a non-Archimedean Stein algebra. Because the characterization we used is borrowed from a definition in derived geometry, this work should be read as a derived perspective on analytic geometry.     

Antidesigns and regularity of partial spreads in dual polar graphs

We give several examples of designs and antidesigns in classical finite polar spaces. These types of subsets of maximal totally isotropic subspaces generalize the dualization of the concepts of m ‐ovoids and tight sets of points in generalized quadrangles. We also consider regularity of partial spreads and spreads. The techniques that we apply were developed by Delsarte. In some polar spaces of small rank, some of these subsets turn out to be completely regular codes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 19: 202‐216, 2011     

Compactified Jacobians of curves with spine decompositions

A curve, that is, a connected, reduced, projective scheme of dimension 1 over an algebraically closed field, admits two types of compactifications of its (generalized) Jacobian: the moduli schemes of P-quasistable torsion-free, rank-1 sheaves and Seshadri’s moduli schemes of S-equivalence classes of semistable torsion-free, rank-1 sheaves. Both are constructed with respect to a choice of polarization. The former are fine moduli spaces which were shown to be complete; here we show that they are actually projective. The latter are just coarse moduli spaces. Here we give a sufficient condition for when these two types of moduli spaces are equal. Eduardo Esteves is Supported by CNPq, Processos 301117/04-7 and 470761/06-7, by CNPq/FAPERJ, Processo E-26/171.174/2003, and by the Institut Mittag–Leffler (Djursholm, Sweden).     

Starlike and convex rational mappings on infinite dimensional domains

We give starlike criteria for a class of rational mappings on the open unit ball of a complex Banach space. We also give a sufficient condition for these mappings to be convex when they are defined in Hilbert spaces. These criteria facilitate the construction of concrete examples of starlike and convex mappings on infinite dimensional domains (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On best approximation by rational and holomorphic mappings between Banach spaces

After proving a generalized version of Garkavi's theorem, we give as applications proofs of existence results on best approximation by polynomials, and fractional linear and holomorphic operators between Banach spaces. We also obtain theorems on best approximation by some types of rational functions defined in open subsets of Banach spaces. By considering a natural non-normable distance we prove that every mapping bounded on the bounded subsets of a Banach space has best approximation by polynomials of degree less than or equal to a fixed natural number n.     

Elements of the KKM theory for generalized convex spaces

In the present paper, we introduce fundamental results in the KKM theory for G-convex spaces which are equivalent to the Brouwer theorem, the Sperner lemma, and the KKM theorem. Those results are all abstract versions of known corresponding ones for convex subsets of topological vector spaces. Some earlier applications of those results are indicated. Finally, we give a new proof of the Himmelberg fixed point theorem andG-convex space versions of the von Neumann type minimax theorem and the Nash equilibrium theorem as typical examples of applications of our theory.     

A converse to the Oka principle over certain complex Banach manifolds

First Kajiwara then Leiterer gave geometric or cohomological criteria in the spirit of the Grauert-Oka principle for an open subset D of a Stein manifold M to be itself Stein. We give here criteria analogous to Leiterer's, e.g., for a relatively open subset D of a closed complex Hilbert submanifold M of separable Hilbert space to be itself biholomorphic to a closed complex Hilbert submanifold of separable Hilbert space.     

On the classification of certain planar contact structures

We focus on contact structures supported by planar open book decompositions. We study right-veering diffeomorphisms to keep track of overtwistedness property of contact structures under some monodromy changes. As an application we give infinitely many examples of overtwisted contact structures supported by open books whose pages are the four-punctured sphere, and also we prove that a certain family is Stein fillable using lantern relation.     

Some new Stein and Hardy type inequalities

We prove a generalization of the pointwise Stein inequality, considering two truncated versions. More generally than in the Stein inequality, we assume that the kernel is dominated by a radial function almost decreasing after the division by a power function with nonnegative exponent in the case of the truncation to the ball of the radius and almost increasing after the multiplication by a power function in the case of truncation to the exterior of this ball. We give some applications to a series of inequalities of Hardy type in norms of various function spaces, in particular, in the norm of variable exponent Lebesgue spaces L^{p( ·)}( \mathbbRⁿ ) {L^{p\left( \cdot \right)}}\left( {{{\mathbb{R}}^n}} \right) with weights. Bibliography: 40 titles.     

Some bitopological concepts based on the alternative effects of closure and interior operator

In this paper we give an approach for constructing classes of near open and near closed sets which have unusual implication relations. These new classes of subsets are based on the alternative effect of closure and interior operators with respect to two topologies. Also these classes of subsets are applied for constructing several classes of near continuous functions and some types of separation axioms called mildly binormal, almost ij-normal, almost ij-regular, quasi ij-regular and strongly S-ij-regular. Using the introduced functions, we generalize several preservation theorems of normality and regularity to bitopological spaces. Implications between notions are given and counter examples for some reverse directions are obtained. It should be noted that considering the space time as the product of two topologies, the topology of space and that of the space time will open the way for new line of research in the field of quantum gravity initiated by Witten and El-Naschie and many others (cf. [Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 17 (2003) 989; Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 7 (1996) 499; Int. J. Theor. Phys. 37 (1998) 2935; Phys. Today (1996) 24]).     

Metrizably fibered generalized ordered spaces

In this paper we characterize generalized ordered spaces that are metrizably fibered in terms of certain quotient spaces and in terms of the existence of special open covers. We apply our results to give a new characterization of perfect generalized ordered spaces that have a σ-closed-discrete dense subset and to give examples of GO-spaces that are, or are not, metrizably fibered.     

The combinatorics of some tetrahedron manifolds

We study a family of closed connected orientable 3-manifolds (which are examples of tetrahedron manifolds) obtained by pairwise identifications of the boundary faces of a standard tetrahedron. These manifolds generalize those considered in previous papers due to Grasselli, Piccarreta, Molnár and Sieradski. Then we completely describe our tetrahedron manifolds in terms of Seifert fibered spaces, and determine their Seifert invariants. Moreover, we obtain different representations of our manifolds as 2-fold coverings, and give examples of non-equivalent knots with the same tetrahedron manifold as 2-fold branched covering space.     

Remarks on symplectic twistor spaces

We consider some classical fibre bundles furnished with almost complex structures of twistor type, deduce their integrability in some cases and study self-holomorphic sections of the general twistor space, with which we define a new moduli space of complex structures. We also recall the theory of flag manifolds to study the Siegel domain and other domains alike, which are the fibres of various symplectic twistor spaces. We prove that they are all Stein. In the context of a Riemann surface, with its canonical symplectic-metric connection and local structure equations, the moduli space is studied again.     

On stein manifolds M for whichO(M) is isomorphic toO(Δn) as Fréchet spaces

We give a characterization of Stein manifolds M for which the space of analytic functions,O(M), is isomorphic as Fréchet spaces to the space of analytic functions on a polydisc interms of the existence of a plurisubharmonic function on M with certain properties. We discuss some corollaries of this result and give some examples.I would like to thank the referee for drawing my attention to [24], which simplified the proofs of Theorem 2, and Lemma 9.     

Note on equivariant harmonic maps in complex projective spaces

We give a simple criterion for equivariant harmonic maps into complex projective spaces CP ⁿ . As an application of the criterion, we give examples of equivariant harmonic cylinders. We also give examples of non-equivariant harmonic cylinders as perturbations of equivariant harmonic cylinders.