FFAP交联玻璃毛细管柱的研制和应用

极性固定液的交联是比较困难的。继聚乙二醇20M(PEG20M)交联柱的研究,近年来极性固定液交联的研究有了较大进展,中等极性的氰基硅酮,二乙二醇丁二酸聚酯交联也有报道。聚乙二醇20M和2-硝基对苯二甲酸的反应产物(FFAP)有报道交联的柱子呈强酸性,没有说明交联条件。这是一种用途很广的极性固定液,因而仍是一项值得研究的工作。本文对交联剂的用量、交联温度进行了考查,得到柱子的交联度、理论板数、酸碱比分别为85％、3000/m、0.96左右,并在275℃温度下考查了耐温性能。各类样品在该柱上获得了很好分离。     

用~(60)Co γ射线辐射交联氰基聚硅氧烷玻璃毛细管柱的研究

聚硅氧烷类固定液具有耐高温、极性范围宽和选择性好的特点,因而在气相色谱分析中被广泛应用。在非极性聚硅氧烷固定液和极性固定液聚乙二醇交联柱研究基础上对具有较强极性的甲基β-氰乙基(25％)乙烯基(1％)聚硅氧烷在~(60)Co γ射线辐射条件下的交联进行了研究,获得柱子的交联度达     

用于丝网印刷电极条上几种固定酶方法的比较研究

对几种酶固定方法:电极表面简单物理吸附、单分子层自组装固定酶法、光敏胶酶固定法、牛血清白蛋白-戊二醛分子交联固定法进行了比较研究,并把这几种方法用于乙酰胆碱酯酶在丝网印刷电极上的固定,在此基础上,提出了在丝网印刷电极上固定乙酰胆碱酯酶的新方法———由Nafion加固的蛋白-戊二醛分子交联法,实际使用中取得了很好的固定效果和良好的酶稳定性。用此法制成的生物传感器对敌敌畏农药进行了测定,经0.1 mg.kg-1农药抑制后,乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性被有效抑制(抑制率达到10%左右)。实验结果表明,Nafion-蛋白-戊二醛交联是一种行之有效的丝网印刷电极上的酶固定方法。     

交联型直链淀粉手性固定相制备及其手性拆分

通过区域选择法制备了6-(三乙氧基硅基)直链淀粉衍生物,利用6-位上的三乙氧基硅基分子间缩聚将直链淀粉衍生物固定在硅球基质上,制备了交联型直链淀粉固定相。结果表明,采用分子间缩聚法制备交联型直链淀粉手性固定相具有制备简单、固定效率高的特点。考察了固定相手性拆分性能以及影响拆分能力的的因素。溶剂耐受性实验表明分子间缩聚法制备交联型直链淀粉手性固定相对四氢呋喃及氯仿流动相有良好的耐受能力。     

云芝漆酶在N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（BIS）交联聚甲基丙烯酸基元上的固定及其修饰玻碳电极电化学行为

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（BIS）交联聚甲基丙烯酸作为固定漆酶的载体,以共价偶联法固定云芝漆酶并测定了固定基元的酶固定量和固定漆酶的比活力。 还研究了固定漆酶热稳定性、重复使用性以及固定漆酶催化2,6-二甲氧基苯酚（DMP）氧化的酶动力学参数。 实验结果表明,这种交联聚合物基元通过共价偶联法固定漆酶的量和固定漆酶的比活力分别可达26.37 mg/g和1.202 U/mg;在交联聚合物基元上固定的漆酶在50 ℃下放置2 h后仍然保持初始活力的83％,重复使用10次后仍保持初始活力的80％以上;交联聚合物固定漆酶催化DMP氧化的表观速率常数k_cat可达1090 min^-1,以固定漆酶的BIS交联聚甲基丙烯酸功能化碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极在pH=4.4磷酸盐缓冲液中氧还原发生在+724 mV(vs.SCE)。     

冠醚聚硅氧烷弹性石英毛细柱交联方法的研究

]本文研究了冠醚聚硅氧烷作为石英毛细管柱固定液的交联方法,优化交联条件,并对交联方法进行了对比和讨论,其中,偶氮特丁烷作为交联引发剂交联效果优于过氧化二异丙苯引发剂,其交联效率大于95%,柱效高于4500块／米,300℃时柱流失基线漂移量为2.710-13A酚油和二苯酮乙基取代混合物在交联柱上得到良好分离。最后,还对冠醚聚硅氧烷的分离机理进行了初步探。     

交联键合型石英毛细管柱的研制及其应用

交联键合型石英毛细管柱,由于其突出的柔性和惰性,以及固定相经交联键合后固定相液膜的非萃取性和良好的热稳定性,故近年来在国内外引起了广泛的兴趣。 本工作通过交联键合型石英毛细管柱的研制,提出采用涂渍SE—54液相的交联键合型石英毛细管柱分析测定大庆油中宽馏程常、减压蒸馏馏份中的正构烷烃的分布。工     

一种非晶硅膜改性弹性玻璃毛细管交联中等极性固定相色谱柱的制备

研究了非晶硅膜改性的弹性玻璃毛细管交联ＯＶ－１７０１中等极性固定相色谱柱。在适当温度下，采用过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＵＰ）游离基引发交联ＯＶ－１７０１固定液，成功地制备了交联ＯＶ－１７０１柱，该柱具有柱效高、惰性好、耐溶剂、抗腐蚀和耐高温等性能，是一种新型高性能的中等极性交联柱。     

用~(60)Coγ射线辐射交联制备非极性固定相玻响毛细管柱

本文报道用γ射线辐射的方法制备交联SE-30和SE-52 SCOT柱及WCOT柱。使用辐射剂量5Mrad,对两种柱型,辐照交联前后的色谱性能作了比较,对交联固定液的溶解性和热失重情况作了考察。结果表明,上述交联柱有很好的热稳定性,可在340℃下使用;有很好的抗溶剂洗涤能力;有高的柱效,理论板数在3800/米以上。     

用60Coγ射线辐射交联制备非极性固定相玻璃毛细管柱

〕本文报道用γ射线辐射的方法制备交联SE-30和SE-52SCOT柱及WCOT柱。使用辐射剂量5Mrad,对两种柱型,辐照交联前后的色谱性能作了比较,对交联固定液的溶解性和热失重情况作了考察。结果表明,上述交联柱有很好的热稳定性,可在340℃下使用;有很好的抗溶剂洗涤能力;有高的柱效,理论板数在3800/米以上。     

基于虚拟相位平面的相位展开方法

在基于相位分析的三维测量系统中,为了准确地得到物体的高度,相位展开扮演着很重要的角色。传统的相位展开方法常常需要额外的投影图,而傅里叶变换轮廓术只需要采集一幅或两幅变形条纹图就可以实现对物体轮廓的测量,其方法速度快,易于实现。针对傅里叶变换轮廓术方法计算得到的截断相位分布,本文提出了一种利用截断相位与参考平面相位差值2π的整数倍数获得截断相位的正确级次,辅助相位展开的方法。当被测物体较复杂,或者相位截断次数较多时,该方法在已有参考平面相位的基础上虚拟新的相位平面,依次比较截断相位和虚拟相位,进行多次分级相位展开,结合多个展开相位结果,最终得到正确的展开相位。该方法展开速度快,展开错误不会蔓延传递。仿真和实物实验结果证明了该方法的可行性,说明该方法可用于傅里叶变换轮廓术中进行截断相位的快速展开。     

Polymerisation in lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide

The polymerisation of styrene in lyotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) phases of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) in water is explored. Amphiphile concentrations between 20 and 50 wt % are employed. The study is set out as a model study for polymerisation reactions in nonstabilised, nonfunctional bilayer systems. X-ray characterisation was used to assess the phase behaviour of the lyotropic mesophases before, during and after polymerisation. The DODAB/water system forms the lamellar phase within the concentration range considered. Addition of styrene to the lamellar phase of DODAB at an equimolar ratio induces a phase shift to a bicontinuous cubic phase at elevated temperatures near the phase-transition temperature. Upon polymerisation within this cubic phase, the phase structure is maintained if the system is kept at constant temperature; however, if the polymer/amphiphile phase is cooled, the lamellar phase, being typical of the DODAB/water system, is restored. It is concluded that, as a result of phase separation between the polymer and the amphiphile phase, the polymerisation in lyotropic LC phases does not provide a stable copy of the templating amphiphile phase. This is in analogy to the observations for polymerisations in other lyotropic phases. Received: 16 March 2000 Accepted: 1 July 2000     

On the chromatography mechanism of reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Summary An equation is derived which can describe how the retention of solutes is influenced by the composition of the mobile phase in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, the retention of solutes in alkyl bonded stationary phase regarded as the complexation between solute molecule and the active sites on the surface of the stationary phase. When the stationary phase is not fully saturated by the organic modifier, the activity of the active sites, the activity coefficient of the adsorbed solute as well as the activity coefficient of the solute in the mobile phase depend on the composition of the mobile phase. However, when the stationary phase is fully saturated, the composition of the mobile phase mainly influences the activity coefficient of the solute in the mobile phase. In addition, the selectivity of retention is discussed in terms of the derived equation.     

用乳化度评价中相微乳

用乳化度评价中相微乳;微乳相图;表面活性剂;油相性质;盐宽;用乳化度评价中相微乳     

Ion-pair mediated transport of angiotensin, neurotensin, and their metabolites in liquid phase microextraction under acidic conditions

This paper discusses the behaviour of angiotensin 1 and neurotensin together with their metabolites in a three-phase liquid phase microextraction under acidic conditions. Variations in donor phase, organic phase, and acceptor phase are studied with extraction recovery as response variable. It is proved that for all peptides the transport across the organic phase is mediated by heptane-1-sulphonic acid. n-Octanol gave overall best results as organic phase. A donor phase volume of 1.0 mL was chosen as a compromise between optimal recovery and robustness of the LPME device. The optimal pH of the donor phase (using acceptor phase of pH 2) was found to be different for the peptides, which opens opportunities for selective sample preparation. Decreasing the acceptor phase pH to 1.0 resulted in increased extraction recoveries. On using 1.0 mL of donor phase containing 50 mM heptane-1-sulphonic acid pH 3, n-octanol as organic phase immobilized in the pores of the fibre, and 20 microL of acceptor phase containing 0.1 mol/L HCl, extraction recoveries up to 82% (enrichment factor = 41) were achieved. To our knowledge this is the first report on liquid phase microextraction of angiotensins and neurotensins.     

Emulsification liquid phase microextraction followed by on-line phase separation coupled to high performance liquid chromatography

An emulsification liquid phase microextraction followed by on-line phase separation coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is introduced based on a novel idea for the separation of dispersed organic phase from aqueous phase. In this method, the dispersed organic extraction phase was filtered using an in-line filter and it was separated from the water sample. The new approach is simple and, in addition to improving some limitations of the conventional emulsification liquid phase microextraction, eliminates the need for centrifugation in the phase separation step.     

Comparison of common mobile‐phase volume markers with polar‐group‐containing reversed‐phase stationary phases

A systematic study of the behavior of several common mobile‐phase volume markers using traditional and polar‐group‐containing reversed‐phase stationary phases is presented. Examined mobile‐phase volume markers include two neutral molecules, uracil and thiourea, concentrated (0.10 M) and dilute (0.0001 M) KNO₃, and D₂O. Mobile‐phase volumes are examined over the entire reversed‐phase mobile‐phase range of 100% water to 100% methanol or acetonitrile. The behavior of these mobile‐phase volume markers is compared with a maximum theoretical value (i.e. the void volume), as determined by pycnometry. The data suggest that: (i) uracil begins to fail as a mobile‐phase volume marker in mobile phases below about 40% strong solvent for polar group containing phases; (ii) in nearly all cases, the mobile‐phase volume measured dynamically is smaller than the pycnometric void volume; (iii) a significant dependence of measured mobile‐phase volume on salt concentration is seen on the polar endcapped phase, which is not observed on the traditional and embedded polar group phase; and (iv) D₂O does not work well as a mobile‐phase volume marker with polar‐group‐containing phases, possibly due to interaction with the stationary phase polar group.     

辛基三甲基溴化铵与辛基硫酸钠混合水溶液的相行为

对辛基三甲基溴化铵(OTAB)与辛基硫酸钠(SOS)正、负离子混合表面活性剂水溶液的相行为进行了研究.在高浓度的溶液中,混合表面活性剂形成液晶相,随着混合摩尔比OTAB/SOS接近于1,液晶结构由六角相转层状相,同时夹杂少量沉淀物;在中等浓度时,任意混合摩尔比例下皆为均相透明溶液;在低浓度下,在很宽的OTAB/SOS混合摩尔比的范围,出现双水相,其中的表面活性剂稀薄相,为不同大小的胶团与囊泡组成的稀溶液,另一表面活性剂富集相中则为数密度很大的囊泡聚集体,富集相对油溶性染料的增溶作用比非富集相高得多.     

铋系2223相形成机理及单相块材的合成

在化学动力学基础上，指出了Ｂｉ系２２２３超导相的形成，经历了先由２２０１相与ＣａＯ、ＣｕＯ相互作用生成２２１２相，随后由２２１２相再与ＣａＯ及ＣｕＯ作用产生２２２３相的过程。同时，论证了ＣａＯ面进入２２１２相元胞是形成２２２３相的控制步骤，用分步法及加入籽晶的工艺，制备了２２２３单相块材。     

Influence of initial conditions on homogeneous nucleation kinetics in a closed system

The formation of nuclei of a new phase from the supersaturated mother phase in a closed system is studied. The depletion of the mother phase due to phase transition is taken into account. Basic kinetic equations describing such process are solved numerically to determine the number density of nuclei of newly forming phase and nucleation rate. It is shown that in contrary to the standard nucleation model, when the depletion of the mother phase is not taken into account, the initial size distribution of the clusters affects considerably the nucleation process at higher supersaturations. Our model starts with the equilibrium size distribution of clusters up to various cluster sizes in the undercritical region. At lower supersaturation the formation of nuclei is similar to the standard model because of the low depletion of the mother phase. At higher supersaturation, the depletion of the mother phase plays an important role and some extremal value appears at the size distribution of nuclei, which is not observed in the standard model. The extremum in the size distribution is not a consequence of the coalescence process itself, but it is caused rather by the depletion of the mother phase during the phase transformation.